专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第一期)-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考专用)含答案.docx

备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考专用)第一期专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇（2023·湖北·开滦第二中学校考模拟预测）Its no secret that non-alcoholic beer tastes much worse than regular beer, but scientists in Denmark now claim to have developed a way of making it taste just as satisfying. What non-alcoholic beer lacks is the flavor from hops (啤酒花). When you remove the alcohol from the beer, for example by heating it up, you also kill the flavor that comes from hops. Other methods for making alcohol-free beer also lead to poor flavor because alcohol is needed for hops to pass their unique flavor to the beer. “After years of research, we have found a way to produce monoterpenoids (单萜), which provide the flavor, and then add them to the beer at the end of the process of making beer to give back its lost flavor. No one has been able to do this before, so its a game changer for non-alcoholic beer,” the Danish professor added. This method of artificially recreating the flavor of hops using monoterpenoids is currently being tested in factories producing across Denmark, and the plan is to have a plan ready for the countrys entire beer industry by the end of October. Although non-alcoholic beer has been growing in popularity at a very rapid pace, the new thing announced by Sotirios Kampranis and his team could have major meaning for the entire beer industry and our environment. Growing hops is a very wasteful process, with one kilogram of hops requiring no less than 2.7 tons of water. “With our method, we skip hops and the water and the transportation. This means that one kilogram of hops can be produced with more than 10,000 times less water and more than 100 times less CO2,” Kampranis said. “When the monoterpenoids are released from yeast, we collect them and put them into the beer, giving back the taste of regular beer that so many of us know and love.” he added.1What plays a key role in making beer?AHops.BWater.CCO2.DPatience.2What can we learn about the new non-alcoholic beer?AIt is the best beer in the market.BIt has been produced in many countries.CIt has the same taste with the traditional beer.DIt is very popular with the young in Denmark.3What does Kampranis think the new non-alcoholic beer?AIt is a process filled with waste.BIt is environmentally friendly.CIt needs better transportation.DIt gets an unexpected response.4In which section can we read this text in a newspaper?ASports.BCulture.CEducation.DTechnology.（2023春·安徽池州·高三池州市第一中学校考阶段练习）We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Rodney C Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than we local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.5What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1?AEnvironmental adaptation of cattle raisers.BNew knowledge of human evolution.CRecent findings of human origin.DSignificance of food selection.6Where do the Bajau build their houses?AOn the beach.BNear rivers.COff the coast.DIn valleys.7Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?AThey could walk on stilts all day.BThey had a superb way of fishing.CThey could stay long underwater.DThey lived on both land and water.8In which section of a newspaper can this text appear?AEntertainmentBScienceCHealthDSport（2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）A handshake seems to be a normal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser III clearly shows two figures holding hands. The Iliad, usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that two characters “taking each others hands and expressing their loyalty.” Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It. Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books note that the modem handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends. But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier?According to author Torbjdm Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World. the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace; King Shalmaneser III referred to a rebellion in which he signed a treaty with the King of Babylon. In the Iliad, Diomedes and Glaucus shook hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and Diomedes declared: 66Lefs not try to kill each other. Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace. As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg the chief authority for the history of handshaking wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture, “More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues”.One of the earliest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer Rabelaiss Gargantua and Pantagruel. When one character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, ”He was greeted by countless hugs and countless good days.” But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation added references to shaking hands.A popular saying suggests that Clelands statements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a potentially traditional method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级的)ways of greeting - like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continents hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.9Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs?ATo prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find.BTo illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom.CTo show readers that handshaking is common in fiction.DTo explain the value of handshaking in communication.10What can we learn about handshaking from the passage?AThe origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace.BCitizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in Holland.CIt was used only between friends and to reach an agreement.DIt is a common practice between people of different social positions.11Which of the following is similar in meaning to “anthology” in Para. 4?Athe science of mental abilityBa collection of selected literary passagesCa daily written record of experiencesDall the living things of a particular region12What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?AThe handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands.BHandshaking has different meanings in different European countries.CHandshakes are now common between people of different positions.DMost Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank.（2023秋·贵州贵阳·高三统考开学考试）The term “oniomania”, which is used to describe people with obsessive (强迫性的), problematic shopping and spending behaviors, consists of the Greek words “onios”, meaning “for sale”, and “mania”. Also known as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated. At this point you might be wondering: “Whats the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes to shop perhaps a bit too much?” We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinically (从临床上看), however, they are quite easy to separate. Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run low on money, people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable, let alone financially responsible, decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate from what they are doing, making their purchases while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression, but only temporarily. In a short time, they might become moody, annoyed, and depressed, and their confidence declines sharply. To a certain extent, spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford and Camegie Mellon looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable objects, their nucleus accumbens the brains pleasure center would light up, indicating a positive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance, some people get particularly excited when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This, researchers say, is the result of the prefrontal cortex the decision-making part of our brain interacting with the insula, the part of our brain that processes pain. According to psychotherapist Joyce Marter, compulsive buyers in the U. S. make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per year. Each purchase sets them back around S81. 75, making for a grand total of $5, 400 per year and a thorough shocking $324, 000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home, an education, or other products that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses its also about maintaining your personal mental health and improving your relationships with others.13What do we know about oniomania?AIt is a normal behavior.BIt influences peoples health.CIt means people who like shopping.DIt describes peoples difference.14What does the underlined phrase “run low on” probably mean?Arun out ofBgo short ofClook down onDbecome rich in15What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?AWhy many researchers take part in the study.BHow everyone makes a wise decision.CHow desirable objects are well welcome.DWhy shopping makes common people happy.16What is the benefit of treating oniomania?AIt is beneficial to education.BIt develops our desires.CIt keeps our mind healthy.DIt is harmful to relationships.（2023秋·贵州贵阳·高三统考开学考试）One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones, on average, 344 times a dayonce every four minutesand spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total. The problem for many of us is that one quick phone-related task leads to a quick check of our email or social media feeds, and suddenly weve been trapped into endless scrolling (刷屏). What we do know is that the simple distraction of checking a phone or seeing a notification (提示) can have negative consequences. This isnt very surprising; we know that, in general multitasking harms memory and performance. One of the most dangerous examples is phone use while driving. One study found that merely speaking on the phone, not texting, was enough to make drivers slower to react on the road. Its true for everyday tasks, too. Simply hearing a notification “ding” made participants of another study perform far worse on a task-almost as badly as participants who were speaking or texting on the phone during the task. In one recent study, for example, researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them so they were visible (like on a desk), nearby and out of sight (like in a bag or pocket), or in another room. Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information, their problem-solving, and their focus. They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearbywhether visible, powered on or not. That held true even though most of the participants claimed not to be consciously thinking about their devices. Our brains may be subconsciously hard at work in preventing the desire from checking our phones, or constantly monitoring the environment to see if we should check our phone (eg. waiting for a notification). Either way, this distracted attention can make doing anything else more difficult. The only “fix”, the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room entirely.17What did the recent report in Paragraph I find?AMultitasking is very dangerous.BNotification is always heard.CPeople are addicted to mobile phones.DPeople like doing phone-related tasks.18How is the text developed?ABy making comparisons. BBy examining differences.CBy following the order of importance.DBy analyzing causes and giving examples.19What should you do to prevent the desire of checking phones?ADo anything more difficult.BUse phones to do right things.CMonitor the environment around.DStay away from phones entirely.20What would be the best title for the text?AHow do We Avoid the Distraction of Phones?BWhy Are People Fond of Using Mobile Phones?CWhat Should We Do When Buying Mobile Phones?DHow Do We Do Research by Using Mobile Phones?（2023春·云南昆明·高三云南师大附中校考阶段练习）Even i