原版英语RAZ 教案(R) The Super School Bus System_DS.pdf

Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The Super School Bus SystemA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:998WritingResearch a system that another country uses to get students to school.Use a Venn diagram to compare that system with the U.S.system.Then,write a paragraph about how they are the same and different.Social Studies Create a timeline about the history of the school bus in the United States that includes facts and pictures.Use the book and outside resources.Connectionswww.readinga-LEVELED BOOK RRUXWritten by Keith and Sarah KortemartinSupeSuper School Bus SystemSuper School Bus SystemThewww.readinga-SupeSuper School Bus SystemSuper School Bus SystemTheWritten by Keith and Sarah KortemartinWhat are the benefits of a school bus system?Focus Question16Glossarydiscriminated(v.)treated a person or group unfairly because of gender,race,age,religion,or other differences(p.10)integration(n.)a process that allows all races to have equal access to facilities,schools,and other parts of society(p.10)mass transit(n.)a public transportation system that moves large numbers of people using buses,subways,or trains(p.5)rural(adj.)of or relating to the country rather than the city(p.6)school districts(n.)areas or regions containing all the schools managed by local school authorities(p.5)segregated(adj.)kept apart based on group differences,such as race(p.10)sparsely(adv.)in small numbers or amount;thinly spread out(p.8)Supreme Court(n.)the highest court of law in the judicial system of the United States(p.10)transportation(n.)the act of moving things or people from one place to another(p.7)Page 3:Children at an army base ride a horse-drawn“bus”to school in 1943.Horses and wagons helped conserve gasoline and tires during World War II.Photo Credits:Front cover:Yellow Dog Productions/Exactostock-1598/SuperStock;title page:LizCoughlan/iStock/Thinkstock;pages 3,10,11(right):Bettmann/Getty Images;page 4:Kike Calvo VWPics/Kike Calvo VWPics/SuperStock;page 5:Tetra Images/Alamy Stock Photo;page 7:imageBROKER/imageBROKER/SuperStock;page 8:Library of Congress/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images;page 9:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Division,LC-DIG-npcc-13446;page 11(left):courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Division,LC-DIG-ds-00762;page 12:Tom Carter/Photographers Choice/Getty Images;page 13:Robert Daemmrich Photography Inc/Corbis Historical/Getty Images;page 15:Keith Srakocic/AP ImagesWords to Knowdiscriminatedintegrationmass transitruralschool districtssegregatedsparselySupreme CourttransportationThe Super School Bus SystemLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Keith and Sarah KortemartinAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15ConclusionThe school bus slows to a stop.Sarah gathers her things and follows the other students off the bus.The bus pulls away from the curb,its job done for now.At the end of the day,itll be waiting for them,ready to start the whole journey again in reverse.The Super School Bus System Level R3Table of ContentsThe Trusty Bus .4Taxes to Transportation .5Mass Transit on a Massive Scale .6History .8Safety .12Yellow Buses Go“Green”.13Conclusion .15Glossary .16The Super School Bus System Level R14School buses can also cut down pollution by replacing private vehicles.The average school bus can drive fifty-four students,which keeps about thirty-six private vehicles off the road.This fact,along with newer,greener technology,can help keep the air cleaner.14.4 gallons each tripBar 2=1.4 gallons each tripBar 3=.8 gallons each trip0369121514.4(54.5 L)1.4(5.3 L)0.8(3 L)Gallons per 10-mile(16 km)trip36 family vehiclesregular bus(diesel fuel)hybrid bus(diesel+electric)On the Road:Fuel EfficiencyBuses are bigger than cars,so they use more gas to go the same distance.When you consider the number of passengers,though,buses are far more fuel efficientand far less polluting.4The Trusty BusSarah shivers on her short morning walk.Its a freezing winter day,but when she reaches the school bus stop,she knows she wont have to wait for long.The yellow school bus pulls up right on time.She greets the driver as she boards.After that,though,the bus ride is a part of her day she simply takes for granted.13Yellow Buses Go“Green”Some school districts are also beginning to make changes to buses that help the environment.For instance,one school bus in New York has an electric engine that doesnt pollute the air.The bus can travel for about 120 miles(190 km)before it needs to be recharged.Another“green”trend in school buses is the use of propane fuel.Propane is much less expensive than normal bus fuel and less polluting.Do You Know?Seat belts make passengers in private cars much safer.Whether this holds true for school buses is less clear.For one thing,buses are built with much tougher safety standards.For another,buses often hold more than fifty students at a time.Its hard,then,for the school bus driver to make sure all those students are even wearing their safety belts.Hybrid buses like this one use both electricity and fuel.As a result,hybrid buses get better mileage than regular school buses.The Super School Bus System Level R5Taxes to Transportation In the United States,Sarah and many other students depend on bus service to get to school.Few people ever stop to think about how that bus system works.Yet the American school bus system is one of the most important and complex mass transit systems in the country.Busing students to school requires the efforts of thousands of people.The vehicles,drivers,and everything else that makes the school bus system work are run by local school districts.School buses are often paid for with local property taxes.People are taxed on the value of their property.They pay that tax to local governments,which use it to pay for services such as schools.Buses support the American public school system,which promises every student an education.The Super School Bus System Level R12SafetySchool buses are forty times safer than private cars.Bus drivers receive strict safety training.Whats more,school buses have emergency exits and reinforced roofs.They have seats that help keep students safe in the event of a crash.The seats are spaced closely together,and seat backs are made to absorb an impact.Buses may also include flashing stop signs,which alert drivers that students are getting off or on the bus.Some buses have cameras that help drivers see whats happening inside the bus and outside.When a school bus puts out its stop sign,traffic in both directions must stop.6Mass Transit on a Massive ScalePlanning the system of buses that move students to and from school is an enormous job.The U.S.system uses more vehicles and moves more people than any other form of mass transit in the country.In 2013,about 480,000 buses carried students to school each day.Slightly more than half of public school students,about twenty-six million of them,used school buses daily.In fact,the American school bus system has more than twice as many vehicles as all the other American mass transit systems combined.The American school bus system is so enormous for several reasons.The countrys large size,its large population,and its lack of other public transit options for students in many areas make school buses necessary.Rural areas often have no public transit options at all outside the school bus system.Rural American school buses tend to have very large routes.The rural school bus system in Kingman,Arizona,for example,covers an area larger than the entire state of Delaware.11In recent years,closing schools has led to consolidation.This involves several smaller schools combining into one larger building.Consolidation can cut education costs,but it also means that some students have to travel much farther to school.It makes bus routes larger and more complex.One school bus route in rural Texas took some students roughly 100 miles(160 km)each way in the mid-1990s.These students spent more time on the bus than they did in school!As part of integration,white children are bused in North Carolina in 1973(left).Black children are bused in Ohio in 1979(right).The Super School Bus System Level R7School transportation planners try to make sure that students dont spend too much time traveling back and forth every day.They try to set up bus stops that arent too far away from students homes.That way,students can walk to their stop.Many districts offer bus service to any student who lives more than 2 miles(3.2 km)from school.Students who might be placed in danger by walking to school (by crossing a highway,for instance)are often offered bus service,too.3+5+2=104+102=14x23=2555+2=17+3x22027=14x23=2520=5-2=3x22027=14x23=2520=5-2x6=18-212=85=Sometimes kids make less-than-safe crossings in order to reach school.The Super School Bus System Level RMath MinuteAt 1,954 square miles(5,060 sq km),Delaware is the second smallest of the fifty states.In Arizona,the Kingman Unified School District(KUSD)is more than 3,000 square miles(7,779 sq km).If KUSD is 3,000 square miles,how much larger is it than the state of Delaware?Answer:1,046 square miles(2,709 sq km)10Then came a new goal school integration,which brought African American and white children together in schools.Before 1954,many American schools were segregated,meaning that black students and white students were sent to separate schools.These segregated schools were not equal.White students usually received better educational opportunities and more resources than black students did.In 1954,the U.S.Supreme Court said that school segregation discriminated against African American students,and integration began.For a time,school buses played an important part in school integration.In the 1970s and 1980s,schools worked together to bus black students to white schools and white students to black schools.By the 1990s,however,most school districts had stopped using busing to desegregate schools.A woman explains the decision to end school segregation to her daughter in 1954.They sit on the steps of the Supreme Court in Washington,D.C.8HistoryAmerican public schools began mass transportation for their students long before the modern school bus existed.In the 1800s,many students attended one-room schoolhouses in sparsely populated rural school districts.Some students walked.Others used horses or sleds to get to school.Over time,school districts discovered that it worked well to use a system of horse-drawn wagons.These wagons would pick up students and take them to school.A horse-drawn stagecoach school bus waits in front of a Colorado high school around 1910.9Yes to YellowThe first vehicles that carried students didnt look much like modern buses.A school bus from the 1920s,for example,looked like a long car.Buses gradually grew larger to hold more and more students.The yellow color of modern school buses was chosen because it was easy to spot.Because buses stand out on the road,drivers see them and stop in time to allow students to board safely.Today,the law says that American school buses must be painted a color called“National School Bus Glossy Yellow.”The bright color helps drivers recognize school buses in an instant.In time,horse-drawn wagons gave way to motor vehicles.School districts set up routes and lined up vehicles.The vehicles picked up students before school and delivered them near home at the end of the day.a school bus in 1925The Super School Bus System Level R