原版英语RAZ 教案(Z) The Nobel Prize_DS.pdf

Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The Nobel PrizeA Reading AZ Level Z Leveled BookWord Count:1,585WritingWrite a historical fiction story from Alfred Nobels point of view.Explain why you created the Nobel Prizes and what you hoped they would do for society.Social StudiesWrite a biography about the life and achievements of a Nobel prizewinner.Include how his or her work continues to make an impact.ConnectionsTWZThe Nobel Prizewww.readinga-Written by Evan RussellLEVELED BOOK Zwww.readinga-What is the Nobel Prize,and why is it important?Focus QuestionWritten by Evan RussellThe Nobel Prize16Glossarycommittees(n.)groups of people who consider or decide on a course of action(p.8)controversy(n.)a disagreement over an idea or issue(p.13)diploma(n.)a document that records a special right,honor,or achievement(p.14)economics(n.)the science or study of how goods and services are made,sold,and used(p.4)engineer(n.)a person who designs,builds,or repairs machines,buildings,bridges,or other structures(p.5)foundation(n.)an organization supported by donated money to help society or a particular cause(p.7)laureates(n.)people who are honored with a prize or award for achievement in creative or scientific areas(p.4)pacifist(n.)a person who is against war and violence(p.7)physics(n.)the scientific study of matter,motion,and energy(p.4)physiology(n.)the science or study of how living things and their parts work(p.4)radioactivity(n.)the release of radioactive waves or particles;the property of emitting radioactive waves or particles(p.9)Taliban(n.)a fundamentalist Islamic group based in Afghanistan and Pakistan(p.12)16Photo Credits:Front cover:ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images;title page:Fernando Vergara/AP Images;page 3:Hulton Archive/Getty Images;pages 4,5(bottom):REUTERS;page 5(top):Time Life Pictures/Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images;page 7:ullstein bild/Getty Images;page 9:Bettmann/Getty Images;page 10:AFP/Getty Images;page 11(top):REUTERS/Michael Dalder;page 11(bottom):Ulf Andersen/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 12:Nigel Waldron/Getty Images;page 13:OLIVIER MORIN/AFP/Getty Images;pages 14,15:JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP/Getty ImagesWords to KnowcommitteescontroversydiplomaeconomicsengineerfoundationlaureatespacifistphysicsphysiologyradioactivityTaliban CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAThe Nobel PrizeLevel Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Evan RussellAll rights reserved.www.readinga-15ConclusionAlthough not without controversy,the Nobel Prize has had a lasting and positive global influence.The awards highlight the work and dreams of great thinkers from all over the world.The fame and cash prizes let these extraordinary individuals continue their work.The prizes honor freedom,peace,and the commitment to improving the lives of humankind.The award ceremony at the Stockholm Concert Hall The Nobel Prize Level Z153Table of ContentsThe Most Coveted Prize .4An Uncommon Life .5The Nobel Prize Process .8Famous Recipients .9 The Sciences .9 Economics .11 Literature .11 Peace .12Nobel Controversies .13The Reward .14Conclusion .15Glossary .16The Nobel Prize Level Z14The RewardThe Nobel Foundation awards cash,a diploma,and a gold medal with Alfred Nobels image to each prizewinner.The ceremony takes place at the Stockholm Concert Hall.The King of Sweden hands the gold Nobel Prize Medal to the recipient in a box.At a later date,the recipient is given a document stating the amount of the cash prize.The amount varies based on whether the award is given to an individual or shared among a group.In 2015,the amount of an individual prize was eight million Swedish kronor,or just under one million U.S.dollars.If the prize is shared among multiple recipients,the eight million Swedish kronor are divided equally.Then the guests are transported to the Stockholm City Hall for the Nobel Banquet.There are speeches,dancing,a full concert,and a fancy dinner.Formal dress is required.The Nobel Banquet at the Stockholm City Hall4The Most Coveted PrizeThe Nobel Prize is the most distinguished nonmilitary award in the world.To be nominated for an award is considered the honor of a lifetime.The prizes were first awarded on December 10,1901the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobels death.Between 1901 and 2015,874 exceptional individuals,known as Nobel Laureates,and 26 organizations have been awarded Nobel Prizes.For years,five prizes were awarded annually in the fields of physics,chemistry,physiology or medicine,literature,and peace.A sixth award,for economics,was established in 1968.The prizes are the result of the vision of one extraordinarily talented individual,Alfred Nobel.PeaceNobel Medal Front(all)Physics and Chemistry13Nobel ControversiesSome prizewinners cause controversy.When Yasser Arafat(YAH-sur AIR-uh-fat),the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO),won the Peace Prize in 1994,many were stunned.Arafat and Israeli leaders Yitzhak Rabin(yits-HAHK ruh-BEEN)and Shimon Peres(shee-MOHN PAIR-iss),received the award for their work for peace in the Middle East.American Secretary of State Henry Kissinger was awarded the prize in 1973 for negotiating a cease-fire during the Vietnam War.Critics argued that Kissinger had been involved in the secret bombing of Cambodiaa country with which the United States was not at war.His North Vietnamese corecipient,Le Duc Tho(LE DUK TAH),turned down the prize to avoid being associated with Kissinger.Even President Barack Obamas Peace Prize in 2009 was questioned.The election of an African American president was groundbreaking and inspired the world with hope.Yet in 2009,he hadnt done much more than get elected.The award surprised even the president himself.Barack ObamaThe Nobel Prize Level Z5An Uncommon LifeAlfred Bernhard Nobel was born on October 21,1833,in Stockholm,Sweden.He was one of four sons of Caroline and Immanuel Nobel.Immanuel was an engineer and businessman.He was especially interested in discovering ways to blast through rocks to make bridges and tunnels easier to build.By 1842,Immanuel had moved from Sweden to St.Petersburg,Russia.There he successfully manufactured sea mines,or explosives,for the Russian navy.Mines were used to protect harbors and other bodies of water.Alfred and his brothers received a first-class education in St.Petersburg.By age seventeen,Alfred could speak Swedish,Russian,French,German,and English.He was also interested in chemistry.Alfred NobelLiteraturePhysiology or MedicineEconomicsThe Nobel Prize Level Z12PeaceThree very famous recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize were Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.,Mother Teresa,and Nelson Mandela.These three individuals fought to improve the lives of people suffering political and economic injustice.The 1964 Peace Prize honored Dr.Kings fight for civil rights and equality for people of every color in the United States.Mother Teresa won the prize in 1979 for a lifetime of service caring for underprivileged people in Calcutta,India.Nelson Mandela received the prize in 1993 for his lifelong struggle against South Africas repressive political system.The youngest Nobel Laureate is Malala Yousafzai(muh-LAH-lah YOO-suf-zy),who received the prize in 2014 at age seventeen.The Taliban had taken control of some parts of her home country of Pakistan.They outlawed education for girls and destroyed hundreds of schools.Malala took to the Internet and fought for equal educational opportunities for women.In 2012,a Taliban soldier attacked and nearly killed her,but Malala recovered and continues her fight for girls today.Malala Yousafzai6In 1850,Alfreds parents sent him to Paris to study chemical engineering.He worked with a highly explosive liquid called nitroglycerine,which had recently been invented.At that time,it was considered too dangerous for practical use.When Alfred returned to St.Petersburg,he worked with his father to develop nitroglycerine as a commercial explosive.In 1859,the family returned to Sweden,where Alfred continued to experiment.His brother,Emil,who also experimented with explosives,was killed in a tragic accident in 1864.However,Alfred did not give up.Before long,he was mass-producing nitroglycerine for commercial use,and he continued to try to make it less dangerous.In 1866,he discovered that by mixing liquid nitroglycerine with very fine sand,he could make a paste.This paste was then packed into rods to create a new explosive called dynamite.Alfreds invention of dynamite made him instantly rich and famous.explosive materialprotective caseblasting capfuse11EconomicsIn 2003,Clive Granger and Robert Engle took the Nobel Prize in Economics for work that eased human suffering in a different way.Their research helped better our understanding of economic trends in order to avoid serious financial crises and resulting poverty.LiteratureThe prize for literature is judged in a less specific way than the prizes for sciences,and usually recognizes a lifetimes work.American Ernest Hemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.The prize recognized“his mastery of the art of narrative .and for the influence .on contemporary style.”Colombian-born Gabriel Garca Mrquez,a writer with a very different style,won the prize in 1982.The committee praised his style,in which“the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination.”These are just two examples of literature awards that have been given to influential writers.Robert EngleGabriel Garca MrquezThe Nobel Prize Level Z7Compared with nitroglycerine,dynamite was much safer to use and transport.The invention of dynamite revolutionized the building of tunnels,canals,roads,and railways.However,while dynamite changed engineering,it also changed the way wars were fought.Nobel considered himself a pacifist.It was ironic that he saw his invention of dynamite put to use in the Franco-Prussian War(18701871).The idea of the Nobel Prizes was revealed in Nobels will after his death in 1896.His will established a foundation to manage and invest his fortune and award the prizes.Nobels family was not pleased,and they kept the will tied up in lawsuits for five years.They were unsuccessful,though,and the Nobel Foundation was established.Alfred and Ludvig NobelThe Nobel Prize Level Z10Have you heard of the formula E=mc2?That formula,Albert Einsteins theory of relativity,changed the way we think about our physical world.German-born Einstein was awarded the prize in 1921 for his work in theoretical physics.Winning the prize allowed Einstein to continue a brilliant academic career.He influenced many of the greatest scientific thinkers of the twentieth century.Danish physicist Niels Bohr(NEELS BOR)won the Nobel Prize in Physics the year after Einstein,in 1922.The prize was awarded for his“services in the investigation of the structure of atoms.”As with Einstein,the award allowed Bohr to have a long and productive career as a physicist.His son Aage Bohr(OH-uh BOR)was awarded the prize in physics in 1975,along with two other men.Niels and Aage Bohr are one of six pairs of fathers and sons who have won Nobel Prizes.In 1945,Sir Alexander Fleming of Scotland won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of penicillin.His discovery changed medicine forever,saved many lives,and eased human suffering globally.Albert Einstein8The Nobel Prize ProcessThe great honor associated with the Nobel Prizes is due to the large amount of research put into the selection process.The prize committees change every year.They are made up of world-famous scholars,academics,scientists,and former Nobel Laureates.The committees invite thousands of leaders in each field to nominate candidates every year.The voting for candidates is top secret.The prizes are presented to the laureates annually on December 10the anniversary of Nobels death.Three different institutions in Sweden carry out the selection process and award the prizes in economics,literature,and the sciences.A separate committee in Norway awards the Peace Prize.STARTSeptember:Preparations toreceive nominationsFebruary:Deadline for submissionOctober:Nobel Laureates chosenDecember:Nobel Prize Award CeremonyMarchMay:Preparation of short listJuneAugust:Adviser review9Famous RecipientsNobel Prize recipients come from all over the world.They are young and old,male and female,and represent many cultures.Here are just some of the hundreds of prizewinners since 1901.The SciencesMarie Curie was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize,in 1903 in physics.Born in Poland,Curie spent most of her life working as a scientific researcher in France.She shared the award with her husband,Pierre,and Henri Becquerel for their work in radioactivity.In 1911,she was awarded a second prize,in chemistry,for her discovery of two new elements.Curie is one of only two people ever to win Nobel Prizes in two different fields.Her daughter Irne Joliot-Curie(ee-REN ZHOH-lyoh KYUR-ee)also won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry,making them the first and only mother-daughter pair to have been awarded Nobel Prizes.Marie CurieThe Nobel Prize Level Z