原版英语RAZ 教案(T) The Nobel Prize_DS.pdf

Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The Nobel PrizeA Reading AZ Level T Leveled BookWord Count:1,045WritingWrite a historical fiction story from Alfred Nobels point of view.Explain why you created the Nobel Prizes and what you hoped they would do for society.Social StudiesWrite a biography about the life and achievements of a Nobel prizewinner.Include how his or her work continues to make an impact.Connectionswww.readinga-TWZWritten by Evan RussellThe Nobel PrizeLEVELED BOOK Twww.readinga-Written by Evan RussellThe Nobel PrizeWhat is the Nobel Prize,and why is it important?Focus Question16Glossarycommittees(n.)groups of people who consider or decide on a course of action(p.8)diploma(n.)a document that records a special right,honor,or achievement(p.14)economics(n.)the science or study of how goods and services are made,sold,and used(p.4)engineer(n.)a person who designs,builds,or repairs machines,buildings,bridges,or other structures(p.5)foundation(n.)an organization supported by donated money to help society or a particular cause(p.14)injustice(n.)the unfair treatment of a person or group of people(p.12)physics(n.)the scientific study of matter,motion,and energy(p.4)physiology(n.)the science or study of how living things and their parts work(p.4)scholars(n.)intelligent,well-educated people(p.8)16Photo Credits:Front cover:ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images;title page:Fernando Vergara/AP Images;page 3:Hulton Archive/Getty Images;pages 4,5(bottom):REUTERS;page 5(top):Time Life Pictures/Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images;page 7:ullstein bild/Getty Images;page 9:Bettmann/Getty Images;page 10(top):AFP/Getty Images;page 10(bottom):Alfred Eisenstaedt/Pix Inc./The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images;page 11(top):REUTERS/Michael Dalder;page 11(bottom):Ulf Andersen/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 12(top):Michelly Rall/WireImage/Getty Images;page 12(bottom):Nigel Waldron/Getty Images;page 13:OLIVIER MORIN/AFP/Getty Images;pages 14,15:JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP/Getty ImagesWords to Knowcommitteesdiplomaeconomicsengineerfoundationinjusticephysicsphysiologyscholars CorrelationLEVEL TP3838Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAThe Nobel PrizeLevel T Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Evan RussellAll rights reserved.www.readinga-15ConclusionThe Nobel Prize has had a very positive influence on the entire world.The awards show the work and dreams of great minds from around the globe.The money and fame allow these amazing people to keep working.The prizes honor freedom,peace,and the goal of improving life for everyone.The award ceremony at the Stockholm Concert Hall The Nobel Prize Level T153Table of ContentsThe Most Famous Prize .4Alfred Nobels Life .5The Nobel Prize Process .8Famous Prizewinners .9 The Sciences .9 Economics .11 Literature .11 Peace .12Nobel Controversies .13The Reward .14Conclusion .15Glossary .16The Nobel Prize Level T14The Nobel Banquet at the Stockholm City Hall The RewardThe Nobel Foundation awards cash,a diploma,and a gold medal to each prizewinner.The cash amount changes based on whether it is given to one individual or shared among a group of people.In 2015,the amount of an individual prize was just under one million U.S.dollars.Then a big party is thrown in the Stockholm City Hall in Sweden.There are speeches,music,dancing,and a fancy dinner.4The Most Famous PrizeThe Nobel Prize is the most famous honor in the world.The prizes were first awarded on December 10,1901.That was five years after the death of Alfred Nobel,the creator of the prizes.Between 1901 and 2015,874 special individuals and 26 groups have been awarded Nobel Prizes.For many years,prizes were awarded in physics,chemistry,physiology or medicine,literature,and peace.A sixth award,for economics,started in 1968.PeaceNobel Medal Front(all)Physics and Chemistry13Nobel ControversiesWhen Yasser Arafat(YAH-sur AIR-uh-fat),head of the Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO),won the Peace Prize in 1994,many were upset.Along with Israeli leaders Yitzhak Rabin(yits-HAHK ruh-BEEN)and Shimon Peres(shee-MOHN PAIR-iss),Arafat won for his work for peace in the Middle East.The PLO was considered by some to be terrorists,but the Nobel Committee wouldnt change their minds.Others were angry when American Secretary of State Henry Kissinger won the prize in 1973.Kissinger worked to end the Vietnam War.However,he had also been involved in attacks on Vietnam and nearby countries that killed many people.Even President Obamas Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 was questioned.The election of an African American president filled many with hope.Yet in 2009,he had just been elected,so it was not clear what he had done to earn the prize.The award even surprised the president himself.Barack ObamaThe Nobel Prize Level T5Alfred Nobels LifeAlfred Nobel was born on October 21,1833,in Sweden.His father was an engineer and businessman.Alfred was interested in finding ways to blast through rocks.The purpose was to make it easier to build bridges and tunnels.By 1842,Alfreds family had moved from Sweden to Russia.There his father made explosives for the Russian navy.Alfred received an excellent education in Russia.He learned to speak Swedish,Russian,French,German,and English.He was also interested in chemistry.LiteraturePhysiology or MedicineEconomicsAlfred NobelThe Nobel Prize Level T12PeaceThree very famous Nobel Peace prizewinners were Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.,Mother Teresa,and Nelson Mandela.All three worked to improve the lives of people suffering as a result of injustice.In 1964,the Nobel Peace Prize honored Dr.Kings fight for civil rights in the United States.Mother Teresa received the prize in 1979 for caring for poor people in India.Nelson Mandela was awarded the prize in 1993 for his struggle against South Africas unfair political system.The youngest person to win a Nobel Prize is Malala Yousafzai(muh-LAH-lah YOO-suf-zy).She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 at age seventeen.In some parts of her home country of Pakistan,a political group banned education for girls.Malala fought to change that and,in 2012,was attacked and nearly killed.She recovered and bravely continues her fight today.Nelson MandelaMalala Yousafzai6In 1850,Alfred was sent to Paris to study chemical engineering.He worked with a very explosive liquid that had recently been invented.At that time,it was still considered too dangerous for commercial use.When Alfred returned to St.Petersburg,he worked with his father to try to create a commercial explosive.In 1859,the family returned to Sweden,where Alfred continued to do experiments.His brother,Emil,who also experimented with explosives,was killed in a tragic accident in 1864.explosive materialprotective caseblasting capfuse11EconomicsIn 2003,Clive Granger and Robert Engle won the Nobel Prize in Economics.Their work showed how the world can avoid serious financial problems.LiteratureErnest Hemingway,an American writer,was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.He won for“his mastery of the art of narrative .and for the influence .on contemporary style.”Colombian-born Gabriel Garca Mrquez,a very different type of writer,received the prize in 1982.The committee praised his novels,where fantasy and reality“are combined in a richly composed world of imagination.”These are just two examples of award winners in literature who have influenced writers for years to come.Robert EngleGabriel Garca MrquezThe Nobel Prize Level T7However,Alfred did not give up.In 1866,he invented an explosive he named dynamite.His invention made him rich and famous.After Alfred died in 1896,all of his money went to the prizes.Alfred Nobel with his brother LudvigThe Nobel Prize Level T10Have you heard of the famous formula E=mc2?That is Albert Einsteins theory of relativity.Einstein was awarded the prize in 1921 in physics.Winning the prize allowed him to continue his brilliant career.Einstein influenced many of the greatest scientists of the twentieth century.Niels Bohr(NEELS BOR)was a Danish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics the year after Einstein won.Then his son Aage Bohr(OH-uh BOR)was awarded the physics prize in 1975.That made them one of six pairs of fathers and sons who have won Nobel Prizes.In 1945,Sir Alexander Fleming of Scotland was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of penicillin.His discovery saved many lives and changed medicine forever.Albert EinsteinAlexander Fleming8The Nobel Prize ProcessNobel prizewinners are chosen very carefully.The prize committees are made up of famous scholars and scientists.The voting is top secret.Prizes are presented to the winners every year on December 10.The prizewinners are some of the most important people in the world.Winning the award helps them continue their work.STARTSeptember:Preparations toreceive nominationsFebruary:Deadline for submissionOctober:Nobel Laureates chosenDecember:Nobel Prize Award CeremonyMarchMay:Preparation of short listJuneAugust:Adviser review9Famous PrizewinnersThe SciencesMarie Curie was the first woman to receive the award,in 1903 in physics.She shared the award with her husband and another scientist.In 1911,she was awarded the prize in chemistry.Curie is one of only two people ever to win Nobel Prizes in different areas.Her daughter Irne(ee-REN)also won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.They were the only mother-daughter pair to have won the prize.Marie CurieThe Nobel Prize Level T