原版英语RAZ 教案Mysterious Shipwrecks.pdf
Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Mysterious ShipwrecksA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,498Writing and ArtInvestigate more about a ship from the book.Draw a diagram of the ship.Write an essay about it,including when it was used,what it was used for,and your ideas about what happened to it.Social StudiesChoose at least four ships from the book.On a map,locate their starting points and intended destinations,tracing the route each one may have taken.If it is known,identify where the ships wrecked.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Sean McCollumVYZ1Mysterious ShipwrecksMysterious ShipwrecksLEVELED BOOK YMysterious Shipwreckswww.readinga-What makes shipwrecks interesting?Focus QuestionWritten by Sean McCollumPhoto Credits:Front cover:Parks Canada/Thierry Boyer/NU-SJF-2015_68;title page:ShaneGross/iStock/Thinkstock;page 4:atese/iStock/Thinkstock;page 5:LOUISA GOULIAMAKI/AFP/Getty Images;page 6:Shawshots/Alamy Stock Photo;page 7:De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images;page 8:GL Archive/Alamy Stock Photo;page 9:Parks Canada/Marc-Andre Bernier/NU-SJF-2015_42;page 10:University of Washington Libraries,Special Collections,A.Curtis 12908;page 11:courtesy of Captain George Atkins,USNR(DC),1975/U.S.Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph Collection;page 12:courtesy of U.S.Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph Collection;page 13(top):Stephen Frink Collection/Alamy Stock Photo;page 13(bottom):dieKleinert/Alamy Stock Photo;page 14:Photo Resource Hawaii/Alamy Stock Photo;page 15:Jonathan Kingston/National Geographic CreativeWords to KnowagroundartifactscapsizedfleethullinvestigatorsmaritimenavigationalsalvageshipwreckssupernaturaltreacheryMysterious ShipwrecksLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Sean McCollumAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Table of ContentsMarine Mysteries,Lost and Found .4Mystery of Antiquity .5Long Lost Victory .6Ghost Ship:Mary Celeste .7The Long Hunt for HMS Erebus and HMS Terror .8Terror on the Rocks:SS Valencia .10Gone without a Trace:USS Cyclops .12There and Gone:SS Edmund Fitzgerald .14The Sea Keeps Many Secrets .15Glossary .16EUROPEAFRICANORTH AMERICAATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEAN1286371.Antikythera2.HMS Victory3.Mary Celeste4.HMS Erebus5.HMS Terror6.SS Valencia7.USS Cyclops8.SS Edmund FitzgeraldLocation of wreckLast known location of a missing shipSighting of ghost shipKEY45Mysterious Shipwrecks Level Y4Marine Mysteries,Lost and FoundThe United Nations estimates the worlds coastlines and seafloors are littered with more than three million shipwrecks.Marine archaeologists study some wrecks that date back hundreds,even thousands,of years.Treasure hunters search for other wrecks because of the riches rumored to have sunk with them.In some cases,however,ships have simply disappeared without a trace,leaving no clues that might suggest their fate.Every shipwreck holds some kind of mystery.What was the ship carrying,and where did its wreck end up?What happened to the people on board?The mystery that seizes peoples curiosity the most,however,is this:what really sent the ship to its doom?Stories of shipwrecks are often full of danger,death,sunken treasure,and intrigue.Clues can help us solve mysteries,but in most cases,the clues of a ships fate remain hidden for years and sometimes forever.A wreck at the bottom of the Red Sea in Jordan5Mystery of AntiquityIn 1900,divers found a shipwreck near the Greek island of Antikythera(an-ti-ki-THEER-uh).The partially buried wreck lay 55 meters(180 ft.)beneath the seas surface.No one knew how it got there,but Greek archaeologists soon realized the more interesting question was when it got there.As divers brought artifacts to the surface,researchers learned the ship was more than two thousand years old.It was loaded with amazing art and luxury goods.One of these items has been described as the earliest known computera device that used gears to calculate the exact positions of the stars and planets.More than 115 years after its discovery,research teams are still studying the wreck.A piece of the worlds oldest computerMysterious Shipwrecks Level Y6Long Lost VictoryHMS Victory,launched in 1737 and armed with 110 cannons,was the finest ship in Great Britains formidable navy.In early October 1744,the Victory was leading its fleet back to Britain.They were caught in a fierce storm in the English Channel,and the Victory became separated from the other ships,disappearing along with some 1,150 men.That night,locals on nearby islands heard the booming of cannonsa maritime cry for help.Unfortunately,the seas were far too dangerous for any attempt at rescue.Days later,wreckage from the vessel washed up on the shores of the islands.However,the ships hull and decking were nowhere to be found.In 2008,a marine salvage company located the ships remains.The salvage company and British government worked together to respectfully retrieve valuables from the wreck.Today,the worlds oldest naval ship still in commission bears the name of HMS Victory.HMS Victory sails through turbulent seas in a painting by Thomas Butterworth.7Ghost Ship:Mary CelesteSome lost ships experience a fate even more mysterious than sinking to the bottom of the sea.On November 7,1872,the cargo ship Mary Celeste set sail from New York,bound for Italy.The 30.1-meter(100 ft.)vessel had a crew of seven,plus the captain and his family.One month later,a British ship spotted a vessel drifting in the Atlantic Ocean.It was the Mary Celeste,but a boarding party found no one on the ship.The navigational equipment and a lifeboat were missing,but there were no signs of violence.All cargo and gear were left behind.The last entry in the captains log indicated nothing amiss.The captain,his family,and the crew were never seen again.The intrigue has led to many fictionalized accounts of the mystery of Mary Celeste,usually featuring treachery,murder,and even sea monsters.Mary CelesteMysterious Shipwrecks Level Y8The Long Hunt for HMS Erebus and HMS TerrorIn 1845,the British navy mounted the Franklin Expedition to search for a shortcut for shipping between Europe and Asia.The expedition included 129 men on two shipsHMS Terror and HMS Erebus.On July 26,1845,two whaling ships spotted Terror and Erebus in Canadas Baffin Bay.Then two years passed with no word from the expeditions commander.Officials and the public feared for the safety of the explorers.A painting of HMS Erebus stuck in the ice by Franois Etienne Musin9Search and rescue ships eventually discovered abandoned gear,graves,and notes left behind by desperate crew members on uninhabited islands.The two ships had been trapped in pack ice in September 1846,and the commander of the expedition died the following June.For two years,the mensick and dyingwaited for the ice to release their ships.Finally,in April 1848,the survivors attempted a desperate hike southward to reach the Canadian mainland.In 1855,local Inuit told investigators about a group of Europeans who had starved to death along the coast.Evidence showed that the men had resorted to cannibalism to try to survive.In 2014,a ship equipped with sonar found the wreck of the Erebus,well preserved in 12 meters(40 ft.)of Arctic waters.Its partner ship remained missing until September 2016,when the preserved remains of the HMS Terror were found at the bottom of a bay off King William Island.A diver explores the remains of the Erebus.Mysterious Shipwrecks Level Y10Terror on the Rocks:SS ValenciaThe SS Valencia was one of the most terrifying shipwrecks of all.In January 1906,the passenger steamer was on its way to Seattle with 173 people on board.Near midnight on January 22,its iron hull ran aground near Vancouver Island.Pounding waves trapped the ship.The crew lowered lifeboats,but most boats flipped,or capsized,in the churning seas,tossing people into freezing water where they drowned.High winds and waves hampered rescue efforts.About thirty-six hours after the stranding,witnesses onshore watched in horror as a huge wave swept over the upper deck,where dozens of passengers were holding on for their lives.In total,only 37 out of 136 passengers survived.A Valencia lifeboat escapes the violent seas,bearing some of the few survivors of the wreck.11How,why,and where were not the mysteries of the Valencia wreck.Investigations concluded that the captain and crew had made bad decisions that endangered the ship and its passengers.Most of the mysteries came later and inspired supernatural tales.In 1910,for example,newspapers reported that sailors had seen a ghostly Valencia sailing near the site of the wreck.A rumor also spread that a lifeboat filled with skeletons had been found in a nearby cave,though the story was never confirmed.Then in 1933twenty-seven years after the disasterone of Valencias lifeboats was discovered in a nearby bay.Its nameplate is now displayed in the Maritime Museum of British Columbia.Valencia leaves San Francisco eight years before the ships tragic sinking.Mysterious Shipwrecks Level Y12Gone without a Trace:USS CyclopsUSS Cyclops was a huge U.S.Navy supply ship.While serving during World War I,the Cyclops crew picked up a heavy load of ore in Brazil.While there,Captain W.Worley reported to his superiors that one of the engines needed repairs and was not operational.He was told to get it fixed once he reached the United States.On February 22,1918,the ship left Brazil for Baltimore with 309 crew members.Cyclops disappeared somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean,and not one piece of wreckage has ever been found.At the time,people speculated that a German submarine had sunk the ship.Some naval officials wondered if Captain Worley,who had been born in Germany,might have secretly handed the ship over to the enemy,though there was no proof of that.The disappearance of USS Cyclops,pictured above,remains the largest loss of life in U.S.naval history in an event not directly related to combat.13Another theory notes the ship disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle,an area in the Atlantic Ocean with a reputation for swallowing ships.Most naval experts,though,believe that in addition to lacking full engine power,the ship was overloaded and unstable.They speculate that it may have been caught in a violent storm that occurred on March 10,which could have capsized the ship.Some ships have been sunk intentionally in the Bermuda Triangle to create artificial reefs,promoting sea life in the area.United StatesPuerto RicoBermudaBermuda TriangleCaribbean IslandsATLANTIC OCEANFloridaMysterious Shipwrecks Level Y14There and Gone:SS Edmund FitzgeraldOn November 9,1975,SS Edmund Fitzgerald,a huge freighter,left Superior,Wisconsin,fully loaded with iron ore.A storm was forecast,but the captain was not concerned.On the afternoon of November 10,the U.S.Coast Guard warned all ships to seek shelter.The Edmund Fitzgerald headed for Whitefish Bay,Wisconsin.At about 7:00 p.m.,the captain reported the ship was taking on water but radioed,“We are holding our own.”Moments later,the ship no longer appeared on radar.No lifeboats were launched.None of the twenty-nine crew members were found.Days later,the Coast Guard located the wreck on the lake floor.The ship had been snapped in half.Investigators suspect a series of three rogue waves may have sunk the ship so quickly there was no time even to make a distress call.15The Sea Keeps Many SecretsSailing the seas has always been a great adventure,one that has inspired thousands of novels and movies.Part of any true adventure,though,is the element of dangerand the sea has plenty of it.The oceans stretch vast distances,weather can turn suddenly savage,and threatening reefs and rocks hide along coastlines.Modern equipment makes shipping safer than ever,but dozens of shipwrecks still claim the lives of about two thousand people every year.Working on a ship remains one of the worlds most dangerous jobs.Sailors entrust their lives to their knowledge,skills,and the ships they serve on,but sometimes,they are left to depend on only their luck.Every shipwreck leaves behind mysteries.Some of these mysteries can be explored and eventually explained,and older wrecks may provide us with a glimpse into the past.Much of the time,though,the seas secrets are never revealed.Divers measure a shipwreck discovered in 2011 that dates back to the seventeenth century.Mysterious Shipwrecks Level Y16Glossaryaground(adv.)on or onto the shore or bottom of a body of water(p.10)artifacts(n.)objects made or used by humans long ago(p.5)capsized(v.)turned over in the water so that an objects bottom or side was facing up(p.10)fleet(n.)a group of ships or vehicles traveling together that are under the same command(p.6)hull(n.)the main body of a ship or boat including the bottom,sides,and deck(p.6)investigators people who carry out detailed (n.)examinations in order to determine the facts about something(p.9)maritime(adj.)of or relating to the sea,sailing,or activities done on the sea(p.6)navigational relating to steering a course (adj.)toward a destination(p.7)salvage(n.)property that is saved from damage or destruction;the recovery of a wrecked ship or its cargo(p.6)shipwrecks(n.)sunken or destroyed ships(p.4)supernatural of or relating to something that (adj.)cant be explained by science or the laws of nature(p.11)treachery(n.)an act of betrayal or dishonesty(p.7)
