【中考英语复习 知识清单】专题22-任务型阅读技巧(原卷版).docx

专题22-任务型阅读技巧2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）目录考情分析： 11. 任务型阅读的题型： 12. 任务型阅读的解题技巧： 23. 牛刀小试 3考情分析：任务型阅读是一种主观性试题，也有人称为“读后做”，要求考生阅读短文后在理解的基 础上，通过一定的判断、推理、归纳总结，去完成各种任务或者解决某种问题，这种题型介 于阅读和写作之间，充分考查学生运用英语完成任务的能力。考生需要理解短文并且具备从 短文材料中收集有关的各种信息，然后加工整理输出信息的能力。1. 任务型阅读的题型：任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言综合应用能力的考查， 考查的题型多样、命题灵活，可以是翻译句子，也可以是改写句子、还原句子。还可以是填 写表格或回答问题。命题人对试题的难度也易于掌握，可以是单词拼写这样较简单的题，也 可以是同义词转换等中档题，还可以有归纳主题大意、改写句子等高档题。近年来各省中考 试题中任务型阅读主要题型如下：1）阅读选择配对根据阅读材料中所提供的语言信息找出与题意要求相匹配的选项。这种选择题和四选一的题 目不同,选项可能是句子或图片，形式可能是段落大意的归纳与段落的连线，但是可能不是 一对一连线，一般都给出多余选项。【注意】要认真阅读题干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚题目的前半个句子的内容要点，注 意句子与短文的联系，切不可只看句子的部分内容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配对失误。要 根据短文的内容和作者的意图去搭配、注意配对后的句子内容完整、与短文的内容保持一致。 短文的段落主题和段落配对，要抓住短文段落的要点，要全面理解段落内容之间的关系，不能以偏概全。2) 阅读短文填空：根据短文提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，其形式主要有完成句子、 补全信息、所给短文的缩写或制定各种规则等任务形式。所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概 括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的词语或者用 其同义词、近义词或短语填空、有时甚至反义词或短语可能用于与短文中对应句子意思相反 的语句中。【注意】阅读填空一般是原短文的改写，所以必须注意原短文的内容、情景和一些关键词，对照 原短文的句子和一些词汇、短语，然后用同义词汇、短语来替换。短文填空要遵循原短文的 内容和要点，不能脱离原作者的意思乱填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要适当 发挥，答案可能不是唯一的。【注意】要认真分析短文中划线句子的语法结构，注意句子的时态、语态，是简单句还是复合句， 然后根据要求进行句型改写。要注意一些同义词短语的替换，为改写同义句打好基础。句子 的意思、时态不能改变，改变的是句子的不同表达方式。对于一些翻译要注意英语和汉语的 不同表达，切不可按照汉语的思维方式来翻译。2. 任务型阅读的解题技巧：1) 明确任务。由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先 明确任务，看清要求，做到心中有数。2) 一一对应，紧扣原文。即在原文中找出问题的题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息， 确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文， 切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。3) 注意读写结合。任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写 单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句 子成分，则更需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达 方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。4) 认真检查。完成任务后要重新审视材料，检查所做的答案是否复合要求，同时语言要精练准确。3.牛刀小试（2022·山东威海·中考真题）研读下面百科全书截图页，查找信息，完成文后各题。请将答案填写到答题卡指定位置。How this book worksEver wonder what a planet is? Want to know more about bridges? Every page in this encyclopedia（百科全书）is packed with fun facts and amazing photographs. Dive right in or jump to a page that catches your eye to discover all about our wonderful world. The helpful tips here will guide you through using this book.Alphabetical pagesThe books pages are arranged alphabetically（按字母顺序排序）.You can look up topics using the content list.See alsoIt covers related（相关的）topics elsewhere in the book. If you enjoy reading a page, you can use the “see also” box to find similar pages in the book and see where they are.The color at the top and bottom of the page shows which type of subject the page is about. The same color shows the same subject.GlossaryThe glossary is a list of some of the more difficult words used in the book. If you would like an explanation of what a word means, you can look for it here.IndexThe index lists（列出） alphabetically everything covered in the book, along with its pagenumber. If there is anything you want to know about, you can look it up here.每题答案至多5词。1. ThiS Page tells US.2. See also helps you to.3The at the top and bottom of the page shows the type of subject.4. Glossary helps you to understand.5. Index helps you to everything covered in the book.（2022·四川省成都市七中育才学校二模）阅读下面短文，根据其内容，完成表格中所缺的 信息。Do you like reading books? How do you usually do it? Smartphones and e-readershave become more common in recent years. Some people worry that the days of paperbooks will be gone. But recent studies have shown that traditional books become popular again among readers.According to the latest research in the UK, sales of e-books are falling while salesof paper books are rising. More surprisingly, its young people who are buying the mostphysical books. Another study of university students from the United States, Slovakia, Japan and Germany also shows that 92 percent of them like paper books better.So what is behind this?The most popular reason given was “I like to hold the books.” Reading paper booksis very different from reading e-books. Slovakian students said that they liked the smell of paper books. Other students said that they got a feeling of achievement when theyfinished reading a paper book and they enjoyed seeing it on the bookshelf.Paper books can also be very personal objects to lovers of reading. Many people like sign their name on the inside cover. The cover may get bent （弯曲） or there may bea stain （污点） made on the pages from coffee or food. But these accidents make the bookeven more personal. Its as if readers make friends with them.This “friendship” people develop with books isnt just sentimental （情感的）. Research has shown that readers remember more information reading from paper books than e-books. People also more easily end up with headaches or sore eyes while reading e-books.It seems that paper books, which have been made since the 15th century, still have an attraction. So why not pick up a paper book and start reading?Paper books has L Xp,ur reading uorldI ReaSOnS fr loving PaPer book People still have a traditional 3.in modern times.> Hold and smell the books.> Feel successful when linishing reading a book.> See bonk* Cn the hnokhelf Readers enjoy something that 4.them, SUCh as written names, benl COVerS orstains. ReaderS are able to remember more inlbrmation and won't feel 5.physically. Paper hcoks are not kicked out of the2. Instead, the sales of paperbooks are rising. Paper books are popular among peeple, especially young people. Paper books are still attractive to readers. Start reading papa books nowFindings of studiesThe writer's opinion67 8 910 （2022·山西·模拟预测）请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与 短文意思最符合的单词，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。Australias Great Barrier Reef（大堡礁）is the worlds largest reef system. It is over 2, 600 kilometers long. The reef is home to many animals: fish, birds, turtles, sharks and even whales. Unluckily, the reef that all these animals call home is in danger.Climate（气候）change, over-fishing, storms and water pollution are doing harm to the reef year after year. Coral（珊瑚）reef experts at Australian universities say that if we are not serious about this, the coral reef could be broken before the year 2030.Daily activities like driving cars, using electricity and running factories send greenhouse gases into the air. These gases make Earth warmer and warmer. This is a problem for the GreatBarrier Reef and other reefs around the world.Coral needs to be protected. Even a small increase in water temperature two degreesis enough to kill it, according to a reef researcher at the University of Queensland, Australia.Not only coral but also twenty-five percent of all sea life that lives on coral reefs is in danger. If air pollution is not reduced or stopped, if the water temperature doesnt go down, if the water warms by 3 degrees in the next 20 years, according to reef experts in a report from the University of Queensland, this would spell the end for the Great Barrier Reef and all its sea life.Australias Great Barrier Reef is the worlds largest reef system. Many animals 11there, such as fish, birds, turtles, sharks and even whales. But unluckily, it is not a 12home anymore. Climate change, over-fishing, storms and water pollution are damaging the reef. Experts say if we dont take this 13, the coral reef could be broken before the year2030. Many daily activities are also making Earth warmer and warmer. But even a small increase in water temperature may cause 14to coral. If air pollution is not reduced or stopped, ifthe water warms by 3 degrees, not only coral but also one 15of all sea life that lives oncoral reefs would be in danger.（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Memory is very important. It helps you remember who you are, where you live, what you have learnt and what you plan to do in the future.Some scientists believe that there are three types of memoryimmediate, short-term and long-term.Immediate memory holds information for less than a second, e.g. the name of a road you have just seen. Then it either forgets it or passes it into short-term memory. Short-term memory can hold about seven items of information at a time, e.g. telephone numbers. It holds them for about 30 seconds. Then it either forgets them or passes them into long-term memory. Long-term memory can hold information for the whole of our lives, e.g. the names of countries or the meanings of words.So, how can you improve your memory?It is important to exercise your brain. For example, you can do new things and change your daily habits. If you walk a different way to school or take a different bus, you will keep your brain active. You can try to memorize something new. You can try a Maths puzzle（益智游戏）. You can also try to learn new skills or study a foreign language. Your brain gets lots of regular exercise if you do any of these things.If you live a healthy life, your memory will work better. You must have a balanced diet（均衡 的饮食）. You must give your brain enough time to rest. Unless you get enough sleep every night, you will not remember things well.If you want your brain to work well, you also need to relax. If you get too worried, your brainwill slow down, and your memory will become less excellent.So, to improve your memory, you should exercise your brain, live a healthy life and stay relaxed.根据短文内容完成表格。Information about memoryImmediate memory: It holds information for less than a second._16_Short-term memory: It holds about seven items of information at a time.Long-term memory: It holds information for the whole of our lives.Exercise yourDo new things.How tobrainChange 17.improveHave a balanced diet.your18·Have enough time to rest. If you _19_ every night, youmemorywill not remember things well.Stay relaxed20, or your brain will slow down.（2022辽宁大连中考真题）阅读下面短文，根报短文内容，回答下列问题。Seeing changes in ChinaIt was a warm spring day in 2021. Chen Beier, a reporter and TV presenter from Hong Kong, was on her way to a small village called Atuleer. The small village sits at the top of an 800-meter-high cliff （悬崖）.People can only get up to it by climbing a 2.556-step steel ladder （钢 梯）.It is very dangerous.So, was Chen looking for adventure there? The answer is no. The famous presenter was, instead, making a documentary.In February 2021, China reached an important goal. It got rid of poverty （摆脱贫困）. Many people couldnt believe this. After all, China has a large number of poor villages. In order to show the truth to people, Chen set out to make No Poverty Land.The trip turned out to be hard. When she was halfway up the ladder to Atuleer. For example. Chen felt so tired that she could hardly go any further. She was also afraid of heights. The villagers advised her to stop the climb, but the woman continued her climb.This steel ladder, in fact, is only six years old. Before it was built, the villagers had to face even bigger danger and use a rattan （藤条制成的） ladder. The government has also built houses for the villagers at the foot of the mountain. Through No Poverty Land, people can easily see how life in poor areas of China has been improved.China has changed a lot, but some people just find it hard to believe. Now, Chen has shownus what we can do about that: Dont just tell people about the great changes; show them when youcan.21Who is Chen Beier?22. Where is the small village Atuleer?23. Why did Chen make the documentary No Poverty Land?24. HoW did Chen feel about climbing up the ladder?25Through No Poverty Land, what changes can be seen in Atuleer? （Give one example.）26. What do you think of Chen Beier? Why do you think so?（2022湖南张家界中考真题）阅读下面的短文，根据所读内容回答问题。Many students may have time to enjoy after-school activities because of the double reduction policy（双减政策）. Some students can play sports. Some students can go to learn music. Other students can draw or practice calligraphy （书法）and more. Many people believe after-school activities are fun and good for students.But why should students do after-school activities? Here are some good reasons. First, doing an after-school activity is a good short break from studying. Second, students can make some friends while doing after-school activities. Third, students can get some new skills from the activities.27. Why may many students have time to enjoy after-school activities?28. Who do many people believe after-school activities are good for?29. How many good reasons are there for doing after-school activities?30. Can students get any new skills from the activities?31. What do you think of the double reduction policy?（2022·四川广元·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在下面的表格中填入与文章意思最符合的单词，每空填一词。并把所填内容填写在答题卡上的相应位置。Over 10 years ago, people had to leave their houses to buy a train ticket. Now it can be done with a smartphone. Although the fast development of science and technology is making our life easier, it is creating problems for old people. For example, several months ago, an old man in Dalian was not allowed to travel by subway. At the station, he was asked to show his health QR code （健康码） on the smartphone. He didnt have a smartphone. In the end, he had to leave the station. Many old people worked hard for the world when they were young, but now it seems that the world has left them behind. What can be done to make a difference? Some volunteers are trying to help. They teach the elderly to use smartphones. However, it only helps to solve part of the problems.Many old people have physical problems. They cant see small screens clearly, and their fingers make it hard for them to touch screens. To solve the problems, perhaps smartphone makers should make screens of the smartphones better so that the old can use them easily.If you have grandparents or know some elderly people, lend a helping hand to them when they need it. Technologies that you think are easy to learn may be very difficult for them.The Old in the Modern SocietyProblemsMany old people have difficulty keeping up with the _32_ of science and technology._33_Some old people dont have smartphones.Their _34_ problems add their difficulty when using smartphones.They cant see small screens clearly.They cant touch screens with their fingers easily._Solutions_35_ are teaching the elderly to use smartphones.Smartphone makers should _36_ the screens of smartphones. Everyone should help the elderly and show understanding of their problems.（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）根据短文内容完成句子（所填内容可能是单词或短语）。An aged man lived in a nice village with a large garden in a town in England. He was seen busy looking after his flowers all the time.One day a young painter went by this garden. He was deeply attracted by the beautiful flowers, imaging how happy he could be if he lived there. Then, suddenly, he found the old gardener（花匠） was blind.The painter was very surprised to ask, “Why are you busy taking care of these flowers whichyou cant see?”The blind gardener smiled, answering, “Well, first, I was a gardener when I was young, and I really like this job