2024年高考英语语法复习：名词性从句和定语从句 讲义.docx

2024年高考英语语法复习：名词性从句和定语从句讲义PART1考点剖析-名词性从句考点一：考查what引导名词性从句例 1. annoyed me last night was the noise of the firecrackers from the neighborhood area till midnight.【答案】What【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：昨晚使我恼火的（事） 是从附近街区传来的一直持续到午夜的爆竹声。句子分析 可知，"annoyed me last night”为名词性从句作主语, 设空处在从句中作主语，表示“事”，用连接代词what 引导；设空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。考点二：考查that引导名词性从句例 2. When we come across such factual differences, we shouldn, t rush to the conclusion one of thenews reports gives false information.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：当我们遇到这样的 事实差异时，我们不应该急于得出其中一篇新闻报道提供 了虚假信息的结论。引导同位语从句，说明conclusion的 内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填 的。分析句子可知，第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先 行词reason,先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词；第 二空引导名词性从句作is的表语，从句中成分完整，且主 句的主语是The reason,应用连接词that。故填that; thato16. The teacher said that the sun（rise） in the east and（set） in the west.【答案】rises; sets【详解】考查宾语从句的时态。句意：他说太阳从东 方升起，在西方落下。分析句子结构可知，此处said后接 的是省略that的宾语从句，从句陈述客观事实，谓语动词 需用一般现在时态，主语是单数，所以空处谓语动词需用 单数，rise （太阳；月亮等）升起；set （太阳；月亮等） 落（下）；raise举起，根据句意。故填rises; sets。17. 一Children' s behaviour is most easily influenced by his parents.一True. That/s we should set a good exampleto our kids.【答案】why【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一一孩子的行为最容 易受到父母的影响。一一没错。那就是为什么我们应该为 我们的孩子树立一个好榜样。空处引导表语从句，从句主干成分完整，缺少“为什么”之意，应用连接副词whyo that' s why. “那就是为什么故填why。18. People go for walks less and prefer quiet rest at home. That' s there are marathons and other sports events aimed at encouraging people to move more.【答案】why【详解】考查表语从句。句意：人们很少散步，更喜 欢在家里安静地休息。这就是为什么会有马拉松和其他旨 在鼓励人们多运动的体育赛事。空处引导表语从句，从句 主干成分完整，但缺少“为什么”之意，应用连接副词why 引导从句，作原因状语。故填why。19. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.That's I don/t agree. You should have a moreactive life.【答案】where【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：一一我喜欢在星期 天整天把自己关在家里听音乐。一一这就是我不赞同的地 方。你应该有一个更积极的生活。在表语从句中不缺少主 语、宾语或表语，且根据句意可知，此处是指这就是“我” 不赞同的地方，所以应用连接副词where表示地点。故填 whereo20. I wonder you could give me some adviceon how to learn English.【答案】if/whether【详解】考查连词。句意：我想知道你能不能给我一 些关于如何学习英语的建议。分析句子结构可知，此处应 为连词引导的宾语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但是句 意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“是否”应为if或者 whethero 故填 if/whether。PART 2考点剖析-定语从句考点七：关系代词that、which引导的定语从句例 7. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day hespent with his students.【答案】that/which/无【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mr. Crossett永远不会 忘记和学生度过的那天。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行 词是day,从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导； 关系代词作宾语可省略。故填that/which/无。考点八：关系副词where引导的定语从句例 8. Opposite is St. Paul's Church,you can hear some lovely music.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂， 在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。此处为非限制性定语 从句修饰先行词St.Paul's Church,且先行词在从句中作的 是地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。考点九：关系代词whose引导的定语从句例 9. The buildingdoors are white is an officebuilding.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：门是白色的那座建筑 是一座办公楼。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导 定语从句，先行词是the building,指物，关系词在定语从 句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“的”。故填whoseo考点十：关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句例 10. Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you contain the words you ask for.【答案】as【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：搜索引擎根 据你输入的关键词搜索互联网，并为你选择出包含你要求 的关键词的网页。在定语从句中，当先行词前有such, the same修饰时，关系代词用as,句中web pages为先行词， 前有such修饰，故填aso考点十一：关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句例 11.is often the case with children, Tom was better by the time the doctor arrived.【答案】As【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆在医生赶到前已 经完全没事了，这种事经常发生在孩子身上。as引导非限 制定语从句，先行词是整个句子，as在从句中作主语，意 为“正如，像一样”。故填As。考点十二：定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法例 12. Nelson offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems which I was grateful.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：纳尔逊为贫穷的黑人提供 法律问题方面的指导，对此我心存感激。分析句子可知， 此句是一个由介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句，短语 be grateful for"对心存感激”，因此要用介词for,解释原因，for which=why,作状语。故填for。考点十三：定语从句谓语主谓一致例 13. David is one of those students who (praise) by the headmaster yesterday.【答案】 were praised【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：大卫是昨天被校长表 扬的学生之一。根据句意可知，关系代词“who”指代的 先行词是“those students为复数，同时应用一般过去时。 故填 were praisedo考点十四：先行词是the way的定语从句例 14. Your friends also influence the way youview your physical appearance.【答案】that/in which/省略(/)【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你的朋友也会影响你 看待自己外表的方式。分析句子可知，此处为the way当 “way”表示“方式、方法”, the way在句中作先行词,后 被一个定语从句修饰时，the way在从句中作作状语成分, 引导定语从句可用that,也可用in which,或什么都不用。 故填 that/in which/ 省略(/)。考点十五：分割型定语从句例 15. Occasions are quite rare I have thetime to spend a day with my kids.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有时间和家人待在 一起一天的时候很少。定语从句的先行词是occasions,被 谓语are quite rare分隔开。故填 when。过关检测1. He had thousands of students, many of gained great success in their own fields.【答案】whom【解析】考查连词。句意：他有成千上万的学生，其 中许多人在自己的领域取得了巨大的成功。分析句子成分 可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指代 先行词“students”，为人，且在从句中充当介词“of”的 宾语。故填whom。2. Li Ming, with I went to the concert, enjoyedit very much.【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：和我一起去听音乐会 的李明非常喜欢。句中先行词为Li Ming,在非限定性定语 从句中作介词with的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。 故填whom。3. Her sister; you met at my home, was a teacher of English.【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你在我家见过的她姐 姐是一名英语教师。句中先行词为Her sister,在非限定性 定语从句中作动词met的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引 导。故填whom。4. This music brought us back to the days weplayed happily together near the river.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这音乐使我们回想起 我们在河边快乐地玩耍的日子。修饰先行词days,在从句 作时间状语，故用when。故填when。5. When I went back to my hometown years later, I saw a beautiful park,had been a wasteland for many years.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：几年后但我 回到家乡，我看到了一个美丽的公园，公园已经是一个湿 地了。根据句子分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词为a beautiful park,指物，从句中缺少主语，故应 用which引导，故填which。6. Have you ever dreamed of singing in front of an audience of thousands at a concert, everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你有没有梦想过在一 场音乐会上，每个人都在鼓掌和欣赏你的音乐，你在成千 上万的观众面前唱歌？分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限 制性定语从句，先行词为a concert,且从句中缺少地点状 语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。7. Thomas, with help I have made great progress in English, is highly thought of by us.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生受到我们 学生的高度评价，在其帮助下我的英语学习取得了很大的 进步。分析句子可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词 Thomas指人，此处是介词+关系代词的用法，且空处需在 从句中作定语，whose+名词二the+名词+ofwhom/which。故 填 whoseo8. Occasions are quite rare I can spend awhole week with my family during the Chinese New Year Holiday.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国新年期间，我 很少有机会和家人共度一周的时间。分析句子结构可知， 此处为连词引导的定语从句，先行词与定语从句被分隔， 先行词是occasion,意为“时刻”表示时间，代替它充当 从句时间状语，所以使用关系副词when。故填when。9. The Temple of Heaven is a complex of buildings emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China worshiped heaven.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：天坛是中国明清两代 皇帝朝拜天坛的建筑群。定语从句修饰先行词buildings, 在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。10. The reasonTom failed in the exam washe didn, t work hard.【答案】why; that【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：汤姆考试 不及格的原因是他不努力。分析句子结构可知，第一空引 导定语从句，先行词the reason,在定语从句中作原因状语, 需用关系副词why引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺 成分，且引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故填why; thatothato考点三：考查-ever引导名词性从句仞U 3. Every employee needs to find their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in is theirfield of employment.【答案】whatever【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：每个员工都需要找 到自己独特的价值贡献，使他们在自己的就业领域脱颖而 出。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词in后，在句中引导宾 语从句，从句中缺主语，结合句意可知，此处表示物，应 用 whatever 引导。故填 whatever。考点四：考查where引导名词性从句例 4. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That' s the best jobs are.【答案】where【详解】考查表语从句。句意：为什么不去市中心碰 碰运气呢，鲍勃？那是最好的工作所在地。空格处引导表 语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意“所在地”可知，应用 连接副词where。故填where。考点五：固定句型中名词性从句例 5. There is no doubt the wooden chair is much11. However, for those are dangerously overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，对于那些超重 到危险程度的人来说，适当地减肥是非常重要的。此处为 定语从句，先行词为those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语， 应用关系代词whoo故填whOo12. . They talked about the schools and teachers they had visited.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们谈到了他们参观 过的学校和老师。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句。从句 不完整，缺宾语，用关系代词。先行词the schools and teachers既指人又指物，只能用关系代词that。故填that。13. . is reported in the newspaper, the earthquake in the east of Jiangxi Province killed 13 people.【答案】As【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据报纸报道，江西省 东部的地震造成13人死亡。分析句子结构和意思可知，is reported in the newspaper是非限制性定语从句,位于句首，先行词是整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作 主语，意为“正如”，用关系代词as引导。故填As。14. In the lecture, the professor referred to many cases parents knew their kids' problems but couldn' t settle them in a correct way.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在讲座中，教授提到 了许多父母知道孩子的问题但不能以正确的方式解决的案 例。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cases,为抽象 地点名词，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where 来引导。故填where。15. It was in this old school the governmentbuilt in 1968 he received good education.【答案】which/that; that【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在那座 由当地政府1968年建造的学校里，他接受了良好的教育。 分析句子可知，the government built in 1968 为定 语从句，先行词this old school在从句中作宾语，第一空用 关系代词which/that。第二空构成强调句，用固定句型“it is+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分”，被强调部分非人，应 用 thato 故填 which/that; thato16. Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：现在网上有 很多课程，学生可以免费选择。此处是非限制性定语从句， Many lessons是先行词，指物，关系词代词在从句中作介 词from的宾语，从句应由关系代词which引导。故填A。17. He lives in the large room windows facesouth, where he could have a good view.（用适当的词填空）【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他住在一间窗户朝南 的大房间里，在那里他可以看到很好的风景。分析句子可 知，空处引导定语从句，先行词room,且从句中缺少 windows前的定语，用关系代词whose,故填whose。18. is often the case, students tend to be more enthusiastic about classes in which they can participate and interact.【答案】As【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：通常情况下， 学生往往更热衷于可以参与和互动的课程。as is often the case是定语从句，as是引导词，指代后面那个句子所表述的情况。故填as。19. There comes a time children need to knowmore than the basic facts of life.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：现在到了孩子们需要 知道的不仅仅是基本生活事实的时候了。空处引导定语从 句，先行词a time,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，需 用关系副词when引导。故填when。20. My physics teacher is my role model, influence on me has made what I am today.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的物理老师是我的 榜样，他对我的影响造就了今天的我。分析句子结构可知， 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是My physics teacher, 在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whoseostronger than the plastic one you bought yesterday.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，这把木 椅比你昨天买的塑料椅结实得多。There is no doubt that- 为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，从句成分和意义都完 整，故此处that引导同位语从句。故填that。考点六：抽象名词具体化的用法例 6. The question English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.【答案】whether【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：英语将来会不断变 化的问题很容易回答，因为这个过程肯定会继续下去。分 析可知， English will keep on changing in the future为同位语从句，解释名词the question,从句中句子 成分齐全，意思上缺少“是否”，所以用从属连词whether, 意为“是否"，故填whether。过关检测1. With these inspiring words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for would become known asD-Day.【答案】what【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这些鼓舞人心的话语 回响在盟军士兵的耳边，他们为日后的D-Day做着准备。 空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“他 们为日后的D-Day做着准备”，因此空格处用what引导宾 语从句，故填what。2. The gold medal will be awarded to wins thefirst place in the bicycler.【答案】whoever【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：谁在自行车比 赛中获得第一名，谁就将获得金牌。空前to是介词，后面 引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”， 应用 whoever引导。故填 whoever。3. I have no idea has happened recently onmy co-worker, so I can' t give the sad girl a suitable comfort.【答案】what【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道我的同事 最近发生了什么事，所以我不能给这个悲伤的女孩恰当的 安慰。“has happened recently on my co-worker/' 为同位语从句，用来解释说明名词idea的，从句缺少主语，表示“的事”,应用连接代词what来引导，故填whato4. Concerns were raised witnesses might beencouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure a decision of guilty.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有人担心，可能会 鼓励证人在法庭上夸大他们的故事，以确保有罪判决。分 析句子可知，分割式同位语从句结构完整、不缺意义，用 that引导该从句，对抽象名词Concerns “担忧”的内容进 行补充解释和说明。故填that。5. is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris.【答案】What【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，2024年奥 运会将在巴黎举行。分析句子结构和意思可知，is known to us all是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指”的事情”，用链接代词what。故填What。6. One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was it was based on his own life.【答案】that【详解】考查表语从句。句意：查尔斯狄更斯喜欢 他的小说大卫科波菲尔的原因之一是它是以他自己 的生活为基础的。空处引导表语从句，且从句完整，故用 连接词 that 引导该从句。One reason is that/one of the reason is that/The reason is that为固定句型，意为 “一 个原因是；原因之一是；原因是”。故填that。7. The question isit is that we can go for apicnic.8. recommend a national forest park 18 miles away from here.【答案】where【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一一问题是我们可以 去哪里野餐。一一我推荐离这儿18英里远的国家森林公园。 分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。且从句为强调句的 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it+ that/who +其他部分。 根据 “ I recommend a national forest park 18 miles away from here.”可知，用疑问词where,强调“去哪里野餐”。故填 whereo9. It was the teacher said to him encouraged him to make every effort to catch up with his classmates.【答案】what; that【详解】考查主语从句和强调句。句意：老师对他说 的话鼓励他尽一切努力赶上同学。分析句子结构可知本句 第一空为主语从句，应用what做宾语，第二空为强调句, it was+被强调成分+that为固定句型，第二空应为that,故 填 what; thato10. When I saw my cat waiting sadly for the dog to return at the gate, I suddenly realized close the relationship between them was.【答案】how【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我看到我的猫在门 口悲伤地等待狗回来时，我突然意识到它们之间的关系是 多么亲密。realize后是宾语从句，从句表语close“亲密的” 置于主语之前，因此用连接副词how引导从句，how close “多么亲密: 故填how。11. It was announced that a charge for plastic bags (charge) next year.【答案】 would be introduced【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：据宣布，明年将对塑 料袋收费。根据主句谓语动词"was armounced”的时态可 知，主语从句也应为过去的时态。再结合主语从句的时间 状语"next year”可知，应为将来的时态。故应为过去将 来时。因从句的主语“a charge”为动作承受者，故应为被 动语态。故填 would be introduced。12. There is growing evidence staying up lateat night has a serious impact on people' s health.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：越来越多的证据表 明，熬夜对人们的健康有严重的影响。分析可知设空处引 导同位语从句，且从句意思、结构完整。故填that。13. He didn' t attend school yesterday, and that' s he got a toothache.【答案】because【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他昨天没来上学，那 是因为他牙疼。后文he got a toothache是没上学的原因, 应用because引导原因状语从句，that is because表示“那 是因为”，故填because。14. The moment I will always remember is Idelivered my first English speech before a big audience.【答案】when【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我永远记得的那一刻 是我第一次在一大群听众面前发表英语演讲的时候。引导表语从句，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。故填when。15. Susan made it clear to me she wished tomake a new life for herself.【答案】that【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：苏珊向我明确表示， 她希望开始自己的新生活。make it clear to sb that.向某人 表明，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。根据 句意，故填that。16. team wins on Saturday will go to the national championships.【答案】Whichever【详解】考查连词。句意：无论哪个队在周六获胜， 都将参加全国锦标赛。分析句子可知，此处为连词 Whichever“无论哪一个”引导的主语从句，在从句中作team 的定语，满足句意要求。故填Whichever。17. The reason accounts for their names Galilean Moons is they were discovered by Galileoin 1610.【答案】that; that【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：它们之所 以被称为伽利略卫星，是因为它们是伽利略在1610年发现