新初一英语暑假预习知识点大全.docx

新初一英语暑假预习知识点大全第一部分：基础知识 字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY Z abcdefgh I j k I mnopqrstuvwx y z 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：A E I 0 U 12个单元音： 前元音：i: i /e/ ae 中元音：3： a 后元音：a: d o: u : o a 双元音（8个） 合口 双元音（5 个）ai ei au au oi 集中双元音（3个）io e a ua 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4,句子：大小写，标点符号第二部分：语法知识 名词：名词单复数，名词的格 名词单复数 一般情况，直接加-s,如：book-books, bag-bags, catcats 以 s. x. sh. ch 2吉尾，力口一es,4口： bus-buses, boxboxes, brush-brushes, watch-watcheswi I I go swimming tomorrow.现在进行时：am, i s, are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则： 一般的直接在后面加上i ng ,如doing, going , working , singing , eating 以e结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing , 如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有: runn i ng , swimming , sitting , getting第三部分：句法陈述句肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如: I' m a student. She i s a doctor. He works in a hospitaI. There are four fans i n our c I assroom. He wi I I eat Iunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday even i ng. (2)、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如： I'm not a student. She i s not (isn' t) a doctor. He does not (doesn, t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren, t) four fans i n our cI assroom. He will not (won' t) eat Iunch at 12:00. I did not (d i dn, t) watch TV yesterday even ing.疑问句 一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。 特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等)开头弓I 导的句 子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes、no” 来回答。 There be 句型 There be句型与have, has的区别 There be句型表示：在某地有某物(或人) 在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is ; 主语是复数，be动词用are ;如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。 there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 there be 句型与 have (has)的区别：there be 表 示在某地有某物(或人)；have (has)表示某人拥有 某物。 some和any在there be句型中的运用：some用 于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。 and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯 定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语？ How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语？ 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What' s +介词短语？第四部分六大时态结构 一般现在时概念：表示经常发生的情况；有规律出现的情况； 总是发生的；事实真理。 时间 n夫语： Always, usua I I y, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month-*-), once a week (day, year, month-), on Sundays (on Mondays-), etc. 基本结构：主语+动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数，动 词上要改为第三人称单数形式) 否定形式：主语+am /is/ are+not+其他；此时态的 谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为 第三人称单数，则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提 问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does,同时，还原行为动词。 eg: It seIdom snows here.这里很少下雪。 He i s always ready to he I p others. 他总是乐于 帮助别人。 Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜于雄 辩。 一般过去时 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、 经常性的动作、行为。 时间夫语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, Iast (year, night, month-*),i n 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, IongIong ago, once upon a time,etc. 基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词 否定形式：主语+was / were+not+其他；在行为动词前 加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的 过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。 eg: She often came to he Ip us i n those days.叫4 些 天她经常来帮助我们。 I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你这么 忙。 一般将来时概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间目夫语：Tomorrow, next day (week, month, year-*-), soon, in a few minutes, by, the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：主语+am/is / are+going to+do+其它；主 语+wi I I / shall+do+其它 否定形式：主语+am /i s/ are not going to+do;主语 +wi I I / sha I I not do+其它 一般疑问句：be放于句首；wi I I / shaI I提到句首。 (首字母大写) eg: They are going to have a competition with usin studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。 It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 现在进行时 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：Now, at this time, days, Iook, I isten, etc. 基本结构：主语+be+doing+其它 否定形式：主语+be+not+doi ng+其它 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 eg: Are you fee I i ng good today?你今天感觉如何？ He i s doing we I I i n h i s I essons.在课上他表现 得很好。过去进行时 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的 行为或动作。 时间斗夫语：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语 等。 基本结构：主语+was / were+doi ng+其它 否定形式：主语+7725/亚6匹+门0+101便+其它 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母 大写） eg: At that time she was working in a company. 刃口 段时间她在一家公司工作。 When he came i n, I was read i ng a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。 现在完成时 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：yet, a I ready, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点，千or+时间段，recent I y, I ate I y, in the past few years,etc. 基本结构：主语+have / has+过去分词+其它 否定形式：主语+have / has+not+过去分词+其它 一般疑问句：have或has放句首。 eg: I ' ve wr i tten an art i c I e.我已经写了一篇论文。 The countrys i de has changed a Iot i n the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。第五部分英语作文分类指导 人物类作文1 我自己Myself 要涉及的话题或句型： 一、姓名 My name i s Wang Xiaomi ng. /Thi s i s Wang Xiaomi ng. 注意名字有两个字时，要连在一起，只大写第一个字如 王小明 Wang Xiaoming 二、年龄 I'm twelve. / I'm twe I ve years old. 三、喜欢的食物水果与运动/功课等等 My favour ite fruit/ food i s I like playing badminton. Because it s good for my body. 四、经常在何时做运动或爱好 I often pI ay badminton with my cI assmates after schooI. 五、家人 There are three peopIe in my fami ly: my father, mother and I. 六、家人职业及爱好（简略） My father is an engineer.He Iikes reading books.He often asks me to go to the Iibrary with him.七、结束语 I Iove my father. And Iove my famiIy. This is me. 人物类作文2 我的朋友My friend 与Mysel千的区别：主语由I变He /She.动词由动词原 形变为动词第三人称单数形式.代词由my变his /her 要涉及的话题或句型：开头句I have a f r i end. 一、姓名 H i s name i s Wang Xiaomi ng. /He's Wang xiaoming.注意名字有两个字时，要连在一起，只大写第 一个字 如王小明Wang Xiaoming. 二、年龄 He's tweI ve. /He s tweI ve years old. 三、喜欢的食物水果与运动/功课等等 Hi s favour ite fruit food i s He Iikes playing badminton. Because it s good for his body. 四、经常在何时做运动或爱好 He often pI ays badminton with me after schooI. 五、家人 There are three peopIe in his fami ly:His father,mother and he. 六、家人职业及爱好（简略） His father is an engineer. He I ikes reading books. 七、结束语 I like my fr iend. 人物类作文3 我的一天My day 时态一般现在时 重要句型主语+动词原形+其它. 在几点使用at. I get up at 6:00. Then I wash my face and brushmy teeth. I eat breakfast at 7:00.Then I go to school. I have seven cI asses every day. CI asses begin at 8:00.School i s over at 4:30. After school, I often p I ay tab Ie tenn i s with my f r i ends. I eat d i nner at 7:00.Then I Ii sten to mus ic. I do my homework at 8:00. I go to bed at 9:30. Th i s i s my day. 人物类作文4 某人的一天Tom's day 时态一般现在时 重要句型 主语（第三人称单词形式）+动词第三人称单 词形式+其它. 注意与My day的区别 主语由I变为He. 形容词性物主代词由my变为his 动词由原形变为第三人称单数形式，简单记忆方 法就是动词后加s或es Tom gets up at 6:00. Then he washes his face and brushes h i s teeth. He eats breakfast at 7:00. Then he goes to school. He has seven cI asses every day. Classes begin at 8:00.School is over at 4:30. After school, he often pI ays tab Ie tennis with h i s f r i ends. He eats dinner at 7:00.Then he Iistens to music. He does h i s homewoark at 8:00. He goes to bed at 9:30. Th i s i s Tom1s day. 时态类作文5 下周末打算怎么过 时态一般将来时 重要句型 主语+be+going to do sth. 主语+be+going to地点 I am going to have a busy/happy weekend. On Saturday mor ing. I' m going to In the afternoon,. In the evening,.例文 Hi, this is Liu Yun. I m going to have a busy weekend!On Staurday, I'm going to the bookstore by subway. I 'm going to buy a new CD and some story-books. Then, I 'm going to go home and read the new books. On Sunday, I 'm going to the supermarket with my mother. We re going after Iunch.Then, in the evening, I' m going to visit my aunt. We are going to watch TV together.That wiI I be fun! 空间类作文6 我的卧室My bedroom 时态一般现在时 重要句型 There be +介词词组 (on, next, to, beh i nd, over, under 等) It' s The. .is on the. 注意主要物品是作为参照使用的。所以，我们一般先说 bed, desk, tab I e,之类的主要物品。然后再说其它物品 与其的位置关系。 I have my own room. It's smaI I but nice. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如：fami ly- fami Ii es, strawberry-strawberr i es 以“千或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife- kn i ves不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, poIi cewoman-poIi cewomen, mouse-mi ce chi Id-chiIdren, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, f i sh-f i sh, people-people, Ch i nese-Ch i nese, Japanese- Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, r ice, tea 名词的格 有生命的东西的名词所有格： 单数后加's 如：Lucy's ru I er my father ? s sh i rt 以s结尾的复数名词后加'如：his fr iendsy bags 不以s结尾的复数后加's chi ldren, s shoes并列名词中，如果把's加在最后一个名词后，表示共 有，如： Tom and Mike' s car汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加's Tom' s and Mike' s cars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ o千+名词”来表示 所有关系：如： a p i cture of the cI assroom a map of Ch i na TIi ere i s a bed,a desk,a cIoset and a she If. There are two end tab Ies near the bed. The computer i s on the desk. The books are on the she If. The trash b i n i s beh i nd the door. I like my bedroom. 空间类作文7 我的屋子 时态一般现在时 重要句型 There be+介词词组 It s 主语+动词原形+介词词组 注意不同的房间功能是不一样的。所以我们可以说经常在哪个房间做哪些事情。 I live in a smaI I house. It' s a smaI I green house. In the house we have a dining room, two bedrooms, a Iiving room and a kitchen. We watch TV i n the Ii v i ng room. We have meaIs i n the dining room. We sIeep in the bedroom. We wash faces and have baths i n the bathroom. 作文8 我的家乡My hometown 时态一般现在时重要句型 There be. 主语+be+表语. 假设小鸟飞过时从天空上看到的主要情景，如果在农村 的话，可以看到是山川河琉，蓝天白云。然后才是一些 具体的情景。假如在城市的话，可能看到高楼大厦公路 交通甚至工厂等。 I live in a smaI I vi I I age. It' s beaut i fuI. The a i r i s fresh. The water i s cIean.The counds are white. There are many trees and fIowers. There are many fi sh i n the r i vers. I often go fishing with my parents on weekends. I like my viI Iage/hometown. 动物类作文9 一只小狗 时态一般现在时 注意：由于主语是第三人称单数形式，因此，大部分句 子构成是“主语+动词第三人称单数形式” 使用的主要结构还有It' s got. 主语+be+形容词 I have a pet dog. It' s cute and naughty. It' s my best fr i end. It' s got a bI ack nose and a long tail. It' s got orange hai r and big eyes. It I i kes playing with ba I Is. I often take it out for a waIk. I like it very much! 信件类作文10 给笔友的信注意邮件格式自我介绍作文加信件格式. 时态一般现在时主语+动词原形 （注意：当写家人如父亲时，使用主语+动词第三人称单弟攵形式） 重要句型 主语+be+表语 I like doing sth. He Iikes doing sth. 例文 To: Alice penpaI.com From: Liu Yun penpaI.com Dear Al ice, I am happy to have a new pen pa I. I I i ve in China with my mom and dad. I don' t have a s i ste i r or brother. My mom is a singer. She I ikes swimming. My dad i s a TV reporter. He I i kes I i steni ng to music. I I ike playing the viol in and writing ema i I s. Your fr iend Liu Yun.第六部分情景交际日常用语问候 Hei Io! /Hi !你好！ Good morn i ng/afternoon/even i ng ! 早晨 /下午/晚上好！ How do you do!你好！ I 'm Lucy King.我是露西金。 Are you Peter Green?你是彼得格林 吗？ Yes, I am/No, I *m not.是，我是。/不， 我不是。 How are you?你好吗？ How are youtoday/thi safternoon/evening? 今天/下午/晚上好吗？ Fine, thanks. And you?很好，谢谢。你 呢？ I 'm fine, too.我也很好。 How i s Amy/your father/your mother ? 艾米好吗？/你爸爸好吗？/你妈妈好吗？ She i s very well, thank you.她很好， 谢谢。 Good n i ght, Jane.晚安，简。 Goodbye, Mike.再见，迈克。 See you tomorrow.明 天见。 See you Iater.待会儿见。 How's everything?过得还好吗？ Just so-so!还行吧！介绍 What's your name?你叫什么名字？ May I have your name?能告诉我你的名字吗？ My name i s Jones,我叫琼斯。 Just caI I me Tom.就叫我汤姆吧。 What's your first name?你的名字叫什么？ My first name i s Bill.我的名字叫比尔。 How do you speI I your Iast name?你的姓怎么写？ Jones J-O-N-E-S.琼斯，J-0-N-E-So Who is the Iady in white?穿白衣服的那位小姐是谁? What's your f r iend' s name?你的朋友叫什么名字？ Hi s name i s John Smith.他叫约翰史密斯。 John and I are old fr iends.我和约翰是老朋友To Are you John's brother?你是约翰的兄弟吗？ No, I 1 m not.不，我不是。 This is Mr Jones.这是琼斯先生。 Th i s i s Tom.He's my c I assmate. 这是汤姆。我的同学。 Nice to meet you.很高兴认识你。Nice to meet you, too.认识你我也很高兴。 Let me i ntroduce myse I f.让我自我介绍一 I'd like you to meet.我想请你见见 Come and meet.来见见 I ' m p I eased/happy/g I ad to meet you.很高兴见 到你！告别 Goodbye! /Bye-bye!再见！ Good n i ght!晚安！ I'm afraid I have to go now. It's getting late.天太晚了，我得走了。 Let's get together soon.让我们不久再见。 See you soon/1ater/tomorrow. 一会儿见/明天见！ We had a good time.我们过得很愉快! Thank you for hav i ng us.多谢款待我们。 It's a pIeasure !不客气。 Take care.请慢走。 Please give my regards to. 请代我向问好。 Please say hello to. . . for me. 请代我 向问好。打电话 Hei Io. May I speak to Mr Green?你好，我可以和格林先生讲话吗？ Just a moment.等一会儿。 Hold on.等一会儿。 He's not in. May I take a message for him?他不在，我能替他捎个口信吗？ Yes, please.是的，麻烦了。 WouId you answer the phone please?你能接 一下电话吗？ I want to make a I ong d i stance call. 我想 打个长途电话。 Th i s i s Mary Speak ing.我是玛丽。 WouId you teI I Mr Green that I cal led?你能告诉格林先生我给他打了个电话吗？ I must have dialed a wrong number. 我一定 拨错号了。 I couldn't get through.我打不通。 I have to hang up now.我得挂电话了。 Wou Id you ca I I back tomorrow?你能明天回个电话吗？ There's something wrong with the phone.电话出了点儿毛病。 I tr ied to caI I you, but the Iine is busy. 我试着给你打电话，但老占线。祝愿与应答 Wish you good health and Iots of happiness.祝你身体健康，幸福快乐。 Good I uck (to you)!祝你好运！ Merry Chr i stmas !祝你圣诞快乐！ Happy New Year !新年好！ Happy bi rthday !生日快乐！ Enjoy yourse I f !祝你玩得愉快！ Have fun !祝你玩得愉快！ Have a good t ime !祝你玩得愉快！ Congratulations !祝贺你！ Thank you, and you too.谢谢，也祝您快乐。 The same to you.把同样的祝福也送给您。道歉与应答 I 'm sorry.对不起。 I 'm sorry for.对不起 I ' m sorry about.对不起 Excuse me.劳驾。 I must apologize to you for. 我必须为向你道歉。 Never mind.没关系。 It doesn't matter. 没关系。 I'm sure you didn't mean to do it. 我相信 你不是故意的。 Forget it.别放在心上。遗憾与同情 I 'm sorry to hear that.听到这消息我很 难过。 I know how you fee I.我能体会你的感受。 Don't worry about it.别担心。 I 'm sure things wi I I improve.事情会好 起来的。 Oh, come on. Cheer up.来吧，振作起来。 It's not the end of the wor I d,这并不是 世界末日。 Look on the br i ght s i de.多看看事情好的 一。 That' s too bad.那可太糟糕了。 That' s shame !太遗憾了。 What a shame.太遗憾了。邀请与应答 Do you want to. . . ?你想做吗？ Wou I d you I i ke to. . . ?你想做吗？ How wou I d you I i ke to. . . ?你想做吗？ Wou I d you be i interested in. ?你对感兴趣吗？ Won't you join us?愿意加入我们吗？ That sounds great.听起来够棒的。 That sounds I ike fun.听起来蛮有意思的。 I'm afraid I can't come to your party.恐怕我不能参加你的晚会。 Maybe some other time.改天吧。提供（帮助等）和应答 Can I he I p you?我能帮忙吗？ Thanks. That wouId be nice. 谢谢,那太好了。 What can I do for you?我能为你做些什么？ That's very kind of you.你真好。 Let me he I p you.让我来帮你。 Thank you for your he I p.谢谢你帮 忙。 WouId you I ike some. . . ?你想来占 ? 八、 Yes p I ease. /No, thanks.好吧。/ 不用了，谢谢。10请求允许和应答 Can/CouId I. . . ?我可以吗？ Yes/Certa inly. Yes, do p I ease. /Of course (you may) . That' s OK/a I I r ight.当然可以。 I ' m sorry, but/You' d better not.恐怕不行。/你最好不要表示同意或不同意 CertainIy/Sure/Of course.当然可以。 Yes, p I ease.可以。 Yes, I think so.是的，我想可以。 That' s true.可以。 All r i ght/OK.好吧。 That's a good i dea.好主意。 I agree (with you).我同意(你的意见)。 No, I don't think so.不，我认为不可以。 I 'm afraid not.恐怕不行。 I reaI Iy can't agree with you.我真的不能同意。冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类:不定定词：a / an a unit / an uncIe