原版英语RAZ 教案(U) Maria Tallchief - Prima Ballerina_DS.pdf

Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.WritingWatch a video clip of Swan Lake.Using a Venn diagram,compare ballet to another style of dance you know.Social StudiesCreate a poster to present to your class about the Osage tribe.Include details about their art,traditional clothing,where the tribe is located,and other interesting information.ConnectionsMaria Tallchief:Prima BallerinaA Reading AZ Level U Leveled BookWord Count:1,196www.readinga-ORUWritten by Kira Freed and Charlie AlolkoyMaria Tallchief:Prima BallerinaLEVELED BOOK Uwww.readinga-Maria Tallchief:Prima BallerinaWho was Maria Tallchief,and why is she an important figure in ballet?Focus QuestionWritten by Kira Freed and Charlie Alolkoy16Glossaryachievement an accomplishment reached as a result(n.)of effort(p.4)audition(n.)a performance by an actor,dancer,or musician done as a tryout for a new role or position(p.8)authentic(adj.)done or made in the original or traditional way;not false(p.6)ballet(n.)a form of dance that uses a combination of exact,formal steps and movements(p.4)choreographer a person who chooses the style and (n.)arrangement of steps and moves for a dance performance(p.9)inducted(v.)selected to be a part of an organization or group(p.14)inspiration(n.)a good influence;something that leads to a creative thought or activity(p.9)precision(n.)the quality of being exact or accurate (p.12)reservation(n.)land set aside by the United States government for Native Americans(p.4)stereotypes oversimplified images or ideas about (n.)a particular group of people or things that are often unfair or untrue(p.6)streamlined designed or able to move easily through (adj.)water or air(p.9)trailblazer(n.)a person who is the first to do something new,inspiring others to follow(p.15)16Words to Knowachievement audition authentic ballet choreographer inducted inspiration precision reservation stereotypesstreamlined trailblazerCorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAMaria Tallchief:Prima BallerinaLevel U Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira Freed and Charlie AlolkoyAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:Maria Tallchief performs in Firebird with the New York City Ballet in 1963.Her first performance in Firebird in 1949 made her a star.Title page:Tallchief poses for a portrait while in Washington D.C.in 1963.Page 3:The Osage tribe made Maria Tallchief an Osage Princess at a ceremony held in Fairfax,Oklahoma,in 1954.Photo Credits:Front cover,pages 10,11,12,13:Jack Mitchell/Archive Photos/Getty Images;title page:Vic Casamento/The Washington Post/Getty Images;page 3:Anonymous/AP/REX/Shutterstock;page 4:J.Scott Applewhite/AP Images;pages 5,6:Granger,NYC;page 7(left):Apic/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 7(right):Boris Lipnitzki/Roger Viollet/Getty Images;page 8:AP Images;page 9:Anthony Calvacca/(c)NYP Holdings,Inc./Getty Images;page 15:Bettmann/Getty Images15LegacyMaria Tallchief was an American trailblazer.As the first prima ballerina from the United States,she helped inspire a new style of ballet.As professional ballets first Native American star,she opened its doors to ethnic minorities.Her grace,talent,and achievement helped move the world of ballet forward.A fellow dancer,Jacques dAmboise(ZHAHK dahm-BWAHZ),once said of Tallchief,“There is one word for her:grand.She was absolutely grand.”Maria Tallchief and Jacques dAmboise perform at the White House for a state dinner in 1964.Maria Tallchief:Prima Ballerina Level U153Table of ContentsA National Treasure .4Early Years .5New York:A Star Is Born .8Chicago:Master Teacher .13Legacy .15Glossary .16Maria Tallchief:Prima Ballerina Level U14Maria Tallchiefs LifeMaria Tallchiefs LifeDuring her retirement,Tallchief also worked to preserve the work of Balanchine,who died in 1983.She felt strongly that his ballets should be danced the way he originally intended.She and several other Balanchine ballerinas recorded sections of his ballets so future students could learn from them.In 1996,she was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame,which honors extraordinary womens achievements.The same year,she was given a Kennedy Center award.This award recognizes artists who have made outstanding contributions to American culture.She died at age eighty-eight on April 11,2013,in Chicago.The world paid tribute to her life and work.1925 Born on January 241933 Moves to Los Angeles with family1937 Begins dance lessons with Madame Nijinska1942 Graduates from high school;moves to New York City and joins the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo1944 Choreographer George Balanchine joins Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo1948 Joins New York City Ballet and becomes its first prima ballerina1949 Performs in Firebird1956 Marries Henry Paschen1959 Daughter,Elise,born1965 Retires from performing at age forty-one;moves to Chicago1980 Founds the Chicago City Ballet2013 Dies on April 114A National TreasureThe date was September 29,1999.The place was Washington,D.C.The event was the award ceremony for recipients of the National Medal of Arts.This award is the highest honor given by a U.S.president to an individual artist for outstanding achievement.One of that years honorees was Maria Tallchief.A tall,elegant dancer,she had taken the world of ballet by storm fifty years earlier.How did Maria Tallchief become the first Native American professional ballerina and the first shining star in American ballet?Her story begins on a Native American reservation in Oklahoma.President Clinton awards Maria Tallchief the National Medal of Arts.13Chicago:Master TeacherIn 1965,at age forty-one,Tallchief grew tired of performing and all the travel her career required.Nine years earlier,she had married Henry Paschen,who was from Chicago,Illinois,and they had a daughter together.Tallchief retired from dancing and moved to Chicago to devote time to her family.In 1975,Tallchief became the creative director of the Chicago Lyric Opera Ballet.She founded the Chicago City Ballet in 1980 because she felt that Chicago deserved an important ballet company.She served as its creative director until 1987.Many students whose lives she touched went on to have successful ballet careers.Maria Tallchief dances with her only child,Elise Paschen,in Chicago.Maria Tallchief:Prima Ballerina Level U5Early YearsElizabeth Marie Tall Chiefnicknamed Betty Mariewas born on January 24,1925,in Fairfax,Oklahoma,on the Osage(OH-sayj)Reservation.Her father,Alexander Tall Chief,was full-blooded Osage.Oil was discovered on Osage land when he was young,and the profits made many tribal members rich.As an adult,Alexander owned a great deal of property in Fairfax.Betty Maries mother,Ruth Porter,came from Scottish and Irish settlers.Ruth recognized that both Betty Marie and her sister,Marjorie,had a musical gift.She encouraged them to develop it.Ruth arranged for both girls to take piano and dance lessons from an early age.As a child,Betty Marie was quiet and shy.Maria Tallchief:Prima Ballerina Level U12People showered Tallchief with praise wherever she danced and demanded to see her perform more.Critics gave her strongly positive reviews for her strength,musicality,and technical precision.Tallchief had a fiery stage presence and was also light on her feet.She danced in a regal yet free way that set her apart from other ballerinas.Never failing to speak her mind,she was also respected for her intelligence and honesty.Tallchief danced the role of the White Swan in Balanchines production of Swan Lake.6In 1933,when Betty Marie was eight,her mother decided that the girls needed more educational opportunities than Fairfax offered.Their father agreed.The family moved to Los Angeles and found a dance school for the girls even before buying a house.At the school,the sisters studied ballet,tap dancing,tumbling,acrobatics,and Spanish dancing.Before long,Betty Marie and Marjorie were performing at rodeos and county fairs.Their performances included a staged Native American dance routine wearing feathered headbands,buckskin costumes,bells,and moccasins.Both girls were uncomfortable with the dance,which wasnt authentic.It emphasized the stereotypes many people had about Native Americans.Betty Marie(left)and Marjorie(right)pose for a picture with their mother in 1930.Authentic Osage DancingOnly men were active dancers in ceremonial Osage dances.The women formed a circle around them and took small sidesteps back and forth in time with the drumbeat.While Betty Marie and Marjorie were growing up,ceremonial Native American dances were outlawed by the U.S.government.Grandma Tall Chief frequently took the girls to ceremonial Osage dances,which continued in secret.11Balanchine created some of his most beautiful roles for Tallchief.These included roles in Swan Lake,Scotch Symphony,and the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy in The Nutcracker.Tallchiefs performance as the Sugar Plum Fairy helped make ballet more popular in the United States.While Tallchief was with the New York City Ballet,she toured with them in nineteen foreign countries.She also danced on television and had a small role as a ballerina in the musical film Million Dollar Mermaid(1952).In addition,she was a guest dancer with the American Ballet Theatre.Erik Bruhn partnered with Tallchief in Swan Lake and many other ballets.Maria Tallchief:Prima Ballerina Level U7At age twelve,Betty Maries father told her to“follow one star.”He insisted that she pursue either piano or dance,but not both.She chose dance because she felt the music throughout her body.She later wrote about making that choice,stating,“My life as a dancer really began.”Soon after,she became a student of Bronislava Nijinska(brah-nuh-SLAH-vuh nuh-JIN-skuh),her first important ballet teacher.Betty Marie studied with Madame Nijinska from 1937 until 1942.During that time,she learned to dance with power,grace,and feeling.By the time she finished high school in 1942,she knew that ballet was the right path for her.Bronislava Nijinska(right)was the sister of Vaslav Nijinsky(left),one of the twentieth centurys greatest male dancers.Maria Tallchief:Prima Ballerina Level U10In 1948,Balanchine became a guest choreographer with the Paris Opera Ballet.Tallchief traveled with him to France and became their first American dancer.The following year,Balanchine cofounded the New York City Ballet.At the time,many New Yorkers didnt think they needed an American ballet company.They changed their minds,however,when they saw Tallchief dance in Balanchines production of Firebird in 1949.That role made Tallchief famous,and she eventually became the New York City Ballets first prima ballerina,or leading female dancer.She held the title for thirteen years,until 1965.Tallchief wrote about her Firebird performance:“The city center sounded like a stadium.after somebodys made a touchdown.”8New York:A Star Is BornWhen Betty Marie was a teenager,the art of ballet was still young in the United States.All the well-known ballet dancers were Russian.The Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo(ROOSS DU MOHN-tee KAR-loh),a touring Russian company,introduced people across the United States to ballet.The company,which was based in New York,came to Los Angeles in 1938.Betty Marie attended all their performances and was amazed.During her last year of high school,the head of the company saw her dance and recognized her talent.After graduation,she went to New York,and the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo hired her as a dancer right away.Her professional dance career began without so much as an audition.At that point,she changed her name to Maria Tallchief.Tallchief prepares her ballet shoes before her 1944 performance in The Song of Norway.9Two years after Tallchief joined the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo,choreographer George Balanchine started working with the company.Balanchine,who had studied ballet in Russia,is widely considered one of the twentieth centurys most important choreographers.Building on classical ballet,which was graceful and flowing,he created a new style of American ballet.It required dancers to be very strong,quick,streamlined,and athletic.George Balanchines choreography came to life with Maria Tallchiefs dancing,and she became his musehis greatest source of inspiration.Balanchine and Tallchief admired each others talent,and they married in 1946.Their marriage only lasted five years,but they continued to work together for decades.Tallchief and Balanchine practiced ballet up to fourteen hours a day.Maria Tallchief:Prima Ballerina Level U