原版英语RAZ 教案Mummies_DS.pdf
MummiesA Reading AZ Level W Leveled BookWord Count:1,653Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Lisa IngWritten by Lisa Ingwww.readinga-LEVELED BOOK WMummiesCorrelationLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAMummiesLevel W Leveled Book Learning AZISBN 1-59827-612-3Written by Lisa IngIllustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Amr Nabil/AP Images;back cover,page 19(all):Steven Vidler/Eurasia Press/Corbis;title page:Khaled El-Fiqi/epa/Corbis;page 4:iS Lisinski;page 5:Stephen L.Alvarez/National Geographic Stock;page 6:REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic(Egypt Society);pages 7,13:Jupiterimages Corporation;pages 7,11,18,123RF;page 12:Bettman/Corbis;page 14:Zahi Hawas/AP Images;page 15:REUTERS/Tomas Bravo;page 16:Discovery Channel/AP Images;page 17:Rue des Archives/The Granger Collection,New York;page 18:REUTERS/Aladin Abdel Naby;page 20:Christophe Boisvieux/Terra/Corbis;page 21:REUTERS/Miguel Zegarra;page 22:iS Mostovoywww.readinga-MummiesWritten by Lisa IngMummies Level W 2324immortality(n.)living forever(p.12)incision(n.)a deep cut(p.8)ka(n.)the dead persons ghostly twin(p.12)mummified(v.)made into a mummy(p.4)natron(n.)a special salt used to dry mummies,similar to baking soda(p.8)papier-mch(n.)a cardboard-like material,formed out of wet paper pulp,then dried;used to make mummies coffins(p.15)resin(n.)a fragrant,sticky substance made from tree sap(p.9)sacred(adj.)holy;belonging to a deity or connected to a religion(p.19)shabtis(n.)carved figurines that awoke as servants of the dead in the afterlife(p.14)shriveled(adj.)dried up and wrinkled(p.9)talismans(n.)magical objects that hold protective spells and prayers(p.10)tempted(v.)strongly attracted or driven by desire for something forbidden(p.16)Glossaryafterlife(n.)the realm of life after death (p.13)akh(n.)the soul and essence of a person,combining the personality and the ghostly form(p.12)amulets(n.)charms worn on the body for protection against injury or evil (p.18)arrested(v.)stopped(p.5)ba(n.)the human-headed bird made out of a persons personality after their death(p.12)canopic jars(n.)the jars holding the mummys internal organs(p.8)cremated(v.)burned a corpse down to ashes (p.4)decomposing(v.)rotting;decaying(p.5)embalmers(n.)people who preserve corpses (p.7)embalming an embalming tool used to hook(n.)remove the brains from mummies(p.7)hieroglyphs(n.)ancient Egyptian picture writing,using symbols for syllables(p.15)CorrelationLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAMummiesLevel W Leveled Book Learning AZISBN 1-59827-612-3Written by Lisa IngIllustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Amr Nabil/AP Images;back cover,page 19(all):Steven Vidler/Eurasia Press/Corbis;title page:Khaled El-Fiqi/epa/Corbis;page 4:iS Lisinski;page 5:Stephen L.Alvarez/National Geographic Stock;page 6:REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic(Egypt Society);pages 7,13:Jupiterimages Corporation;pages 7,11,18,123RF;page 12:Bettman/Corbis;page 14:Zahi Hawas/AP Images;page 15:REUTERS/Tomas Bravo;page 16:Discovery Channel/AP Images;page 17:Rue des Archives/The Granger Collection,New York;page 18:REUTERS/Aladin Abdel Naby;page 20:Christophe Boisvieux/Terra/Corbis;page 21:REUTERS/Miguel Zegarra;page 22:iS Mostovoywww.readinga-MummiesWritten by Lisa IngMummies Level W 2324immortality(n.)living forever(p.12)incision(n.)a deep cut(p.8)ka(n.)the dead persons ghostly twin(p.12)mummified(v.)made into a mummy(p.4)natron(n.)a special salt used to dry mummies,similar to baking soda(p.8)papier-mch(n.)a cardboard-like material,formed out of wet paper pulp,then dried;used to make mummies coffins(p.15)resin(n.)a fragrant,sticky substance made from tree sap(p.9)sacred(adj.)holy;belonging to a deity or connected to a religion(p.19)shabtis(n.)carved figurines that awoke as servants of the dead in the afterlife(p.14)shriveled(adj.)dried up and wrinkled(p.9)talismans(n.)magical objects that hold protective spells and prayers(p.10)tempted(v.)strongly attracted or driven by desire for something forbidden(p.16)Glossaryafterlife(n.)the realm of life after death (p.13)akh(n.)the soul and essence of a person,combining the personality and the ghostly form(p.12)amulets(n.)charms worn on the body for protection against injury or evil (p.18)arrested(v.)stopped(p.5)ba(n.)the human-headed bird made out of a persons personality after their death(p.12)canopic jars(n.)the jars holding the mummys internal organs(p.8)cremated(v.)burned a corpse down to ashes (p.4)decomposing(v.)rotting;decaying(p.5)embalmers(n.)people who preserve corpses (p.7)embalming an embalming tool used to hook(n.)remove the brains from mummies(p.7)hieroglyphs(n.)ancient Egyptian picture writing,using symbols for syllables(p.15)Mummies Level W 2122We can learn much about ancient civilizations by studying mummies and the contents of their tombs.Scientists around the world study mummies in order to know more about how ancient people lived and died.Where Mummies Have Been FoundAFRICAEgyptNubiaSOUTH PACIFICAustraliaNew ZealandPapua New GuineaASIAJapan(Honshu)ChinaSiberiaIndonesiaNORTH AMERICANorthern CanadaSouthwestern U.S.MexicoSOUTH AMERICAPeruEUROPEAlps(Italy/Austria)DenmarkSouthern ItalyGreenlandThis mummy of a young man was found in Peru and is over seven hundred years old.Make your own mummies!1 Cut an apple into twelve wedges.2 Put half the wedges skin-side down on a baking sheet.3 Bake in an oven on low heat for an hour or until dry.Low heat is about 100o Celsius(212oF).You could also put the apple wedges in a warm,dry place in the sun for several days.4 Remove the apple wedges after they have dried out.5 Place them next to the six apple wedges that have not been dried.6 Notice the differences between the two groups of wedges after several days inside at room temperature.Try ThisMummies Level W 34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4What Are Mummies?.5Mummification .6The Afterlife.12The Burial.15The Tomb of Tutankhamun.17Animal Mummies.19Conclusion .20Try This.22Glossary .23IntroductionIn modern countries around the world,including Egypt,people are often buried in coffins after they die.Sometimes the body is cremated,and the ashes are either kept by loved ones or spread over an area that the person enjoyed,such as the ocean.But this is not the way it has always been.The ancient Egyptians turned their dead into mummies.The ancient Egyptians are famous for making mummies.They mummified everyone from kings to pets by drying the bodies,rubbing them with spices,and wrapping them in strips of cloth.However,the Egyptians are not the only people that mummified their dead.There is evidence of mummification in many places around the world.A cemeteryMummies Level W 34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4What Are Mummies?.5Mummification .6The Afterlife.12The Burial.15The Tomb of Tutankhamun.17Animal Mummies.19Conclusion .20Try This.22Glossary .23IntroductionIn modern countries around the world,including Egypt,people are often buried in coffins after they die.Sometimes the body is cremated,and the ashes are either kept by loved ones or spread over an area that the person enjoyed,such as the ocean.But this is not the way it has always been.The ancient Egyptians turned their dead into mummies.The ancient Egyptians are famous for making mummies.They mummified everyone from kings to pets by drying the bodies,rubbing them with spices,and wrapping them in strips of cloth.However,the Egyptians are not the only people that mummified their dead.There is evidence of mummification in many places around the world.A cemeteryMummies Level W 2122We can learn much about ancient civilizations by studying mummies and the contents of their tombs.Scientists around the world study mummies in order to know more about how ancient people lived and died.Where Mummies Have Been FoundAFRICAEgyptNubiaSOUTH PACIFICAustraliaNew ZealandPapua New GuineaASIAJapan(Honshu)ChinaSiberiaIndonesiaNORTH AMERICANorthern CanadaSouthwestern U.S.MexicoSOUTH AMERICAPeruEUROPEAlps(Italy/Austria)DenmarkSouthern ItalyGreenlandThis mummy of a young man was found in Peru and is over seven hundred years old.Make your own mummies!1 Cut an apple into twelve wedges.2 Put half the wedges skin-side down on a baking sheet.3 Bake in an oven on low heat for an hour or until dry.Low heat is about 100o Celsius(212oF).You could also put the apple wedges in a warm,dry place in the sun for several days.4 Remove the apple wedges after they have dried out.5 Place them next to the six apple wedges that have not been dried.6 Notice the differences between the two groups of wedges after several days inside at room temperature.Try ThisMummies Level W 1920Animal MummiesThe ancient Egyptians mummified animals as well as people.Cats were especially sacred to the Egyptians.They represented Bast,the cat-headed goddess of happiness.Cats were kept as pets,and when one died,the whole family shaved their heads and eyebrows in mourning.Cat mummies were buried with their owners or at the temples of Bast.Ancient Egyptians also mummified other animals sacred to the gods,such as crocodiles,ibises,and falcons.These animals were sent to the afterlife as offerings to the gods.Mummy of a cat from Abydos,Upper Egypt,Roman Period,around first century adConclusionNatural mummies have been found around the world.They can be found in the cold,acidic water of a marsh in Denmark,in the frozen depths of an Alpine glacier,or in the hot sands of a desert.The dead have been preserved as mummies by many different cultures,from Buddhist monks in Japan to tribesmen in Papua New Guinea.The Incas in Peru,half a world away from the ancient Egyptians,mummified their ancestors in much the same way as the Egyptians.While artificial and natural mummification vary in some ways,they are alike in one important way.All mummification results in the arrest of cell decay,which preserves the body for hundreds,if not thousands,of years.The naturally-mummified Tollund Man of Denmark was found in a bog in 1950.He lived during the iron age,300400 bc,and is the best-preserved prehistoric body in the world.Mummies Level W 56MummificationThe first Egyptian mummies were buried in the hot desert sand.It was so dry that the bodies dried out almost immediately,preserving them from decay.These dried mummies looked a lot like beef jerky.Their flesh became tough and hard.Unfortunately,unprotected bodies buried in the desert were often eaten by jackals,which love the taste of“human jerky.”Egyptians tried to protect their buried ancestors by covering the burial site with rocks.Wealthier Egyptians buried family members in painted coffins.But the coffins,which kept out the jackals,also kept out the hot sand,and the bodies inside decayed.An unprotected corpse soon decays and falls apart.What Are Mummies?A mummy is a preserved corpse.Normally,a dead body decays very quickly.Bacteria in the air start decomposing body cells immediately after death.If the body is left alone,scavengers and pests,like vultures and flies,devour the corpse.In a mummy,the decay process is arrested,and the dead body is preserved for thousands of years.The first mummifications occurred naturally,in areas that were too dry or cold for bacteria to grow.Bodies were preserved without human interference.Later on,people developed ways to preserve mummies artificially.The frozen,500-year-old mummy of a young Inca girl was found near the summit of a 20,700-foot mountain in Peru.Mummies Level W 56MummificationThe first Egyptian mummies were buried in the hot desert sand.It was so dry that the bodies dried out almost immediately,preserving them from decay.These dried mummies looked a lot like beef jerky.Their flesh became tough and hard.Unfortunately,unprotected bodies buried in the desert were often eaten by jackals,which love the taste of“human jerky.”Egyptians tried to protect their buried ancestors by covering the burial site with rocks.Wealthier Egyptians buried family members in painted coffins.But the coffins,which kept out the jackals,also kept out the hot sand,and the bodies inside decayed.An unprotected corpse soon decays and falls apart.What Are Mummies?A mummy is a preserved corpse.Normally,a dead body decays very quickly.Bacteria in the air start decomposing body cells immediately after death.If the body is left alone,scavengers and pests,like vultures and flies,devour the corpse.In a mummy,the decay process is arrested,and the dead body is preserved for thousands of years.The first mummifications occurred naturally,in areas that were too dry or cold for bacteria to grow.Bodies were preserved without human interference.Later on,people developed ways to preserve mummies artificially.The frozen,500-year-old mummy of a young Inca girl was found near the summit of a 20,700-foot mountain in Peru.Mummies Level W 1920Animal MummiesThe ancient Egyptians mummified animals as well as people.Cats were especially sacred to the Egyptians.They represented Bast,the cat-headed goddess of happiness.Cats were kept as pets,and when one died,the whole family shaved their heads and eyebrows in mourning.Cat mummies were buried with their owners or at the temples of Bast.Ancient Egyptians also mummified other animals sacred to the gods,such as crocodiles,ibises,and falcons.These animals were sent to the afterlife as offerings to the gods.Mummy of a cat from Abydos,Upper Egypt,Roman Period,around first century adConclusionNatural mummies have been found around the world.They can be found in the cold,acidic water of a marsh in Denmark,in the frozen depths of an Alpine glacier,or in the hot sands of a desert.The dead have been preserved as mummies by many different cultures,from Buddhist monks in Japan to tribesmen in Papua New Guinea.The Incas in Peru,half a world away from the ancient Egyptians,mummified their ancestors in much the same way as the Egyptians.While artificial and natural mummification vary in some ways,they are alike in one important way.All mummification results in the arrest of cell decay,which preserves the body for hundreds,if not thousands,of years.The naturally-mummified Tollund Man of Denmark was found in a bog in 1950.He lived during the iron age,300400 bc,and is the best-preserved prehistoric body in the world.Mummies Level W 1718THE TOMB OF TutankhamUnThe Pharaoh Tutankhamun,also called the Boy King,died when he was only a teenager.We know very little about his life or his rule in Egypt,but he is the most famous mummy in the world.Tutankhamuns tomb was opened in 1923.Even though it had been robbed twice in ancient times,King Tuts tomb still held great treasures.The thieves had entered the second room,which was filled with Tuts gold chariots and statues.They stole about a sixth of the tombs gold but were probably interrupted before they could finish.King Tuts mummy had not been touched.Archaeologist Howard Carter(left)examines the coffin of King Tutankhamun,which he discovered in 1922.King Tut was buried in a series of three coffins,one inside the
