原版英语RAZ 教案Mapping the Woods - Maps and Cartography_DS.pdf
www.readinga-Mapping the Woods:Maps and CartographyA Reading AZ Level W Leveled BookWord Count:2,069Mapping the Woods:Maps and CartographyMapping the Woods:Maps and CartographyVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Rachel LawsonIllustrated by Paula SchrickerLEVELED BOOK WWritten by Rachel LawsonIllustrated by Paula SchrickerMapping the Woods:Maps and CartographyLevel W Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rachel LawsonIllustrated by Paula SchrickerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Cover,back cover,title page,pages 3,7,21,22:ArtToday;page 23:David Gates/Learning A-Z.;page 5:auremar/123RFwww.readinga-Mapping the Woods:Maps and CartographyCorrelationLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA12What Has This Tail?Written by Kira Freed www.readinga-28Written by Rachel LawsonIllustrated by Paula SchrickerMapping the Woods:Maps and CartographyLevel W Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rachel LawsonIllustrated by Paula SchrickerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Cover,back cover,title page,pages 3,7,21,22:ArtToday;page 23:David Gates/Learning A-Z.;page 5:auremar/123RFwww.readinga-Mapping the Woods:Maps and CartographyCorrelationLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA12What Has This Tail?Written by Kira Freed www.readinga-272526My Map by Rachel Lawson (supplemental)Map is not to be assembled with book.Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W34Table of ContentsMaps and What They Do.4What is On a Map?The Key.6 Scale.8 Landmarks and Symbols .11Types of Maps .12 Physical Maps .14 Political Maps .17 Data Maps .19Bon Voyage!.21Try This!.22Glossary .24Index .24Maps and What They DoThis is a map I drew of the woods that are by my house.The map shows the trails,roads,and buildings near my house.Be sure you have a copy of my map to follow along as you read this book.A map is a drawing of an area.It shows where things are in relation to each other.Most maps show an area from above,as though you were looking down from an airplane.In fact,thats how most maps are drawn today.Someone takes a photograph from an airplane or satellite,and then a mapmaker,or cartographer(car-TOG-ra-fer),uses that photograph to draw a map.Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W34Table of ContentsMaps and What They Do.4What is On a Map?The Key.6 Scale.8 Landmarks and Symbols .11Types of Maps .12 Physical Maps .14 Political Maps .17 Data Maps .19Bon Voyage!.21Try This!.22Glossary .24Index .24Maps and What They DoThis is a map I drew of the woods that are by my house.The map shows the trails,roads,and buildings near my house.Be sure you have a copy of my map to follow along as you read this book.A map is a drawing of an area.It shows where things are in relation to each other.Most maps show an area from above,as though you were looking down from an airplane.In fact,thats how most maps are drawn today.Someone takes a photograph from an airplane or satellite,and then a mapmaker,or cartographer(car-TOG-ra-fer),uses that photograph to draw a map.Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W2526My Map by Rachel Lawson (supplemental)Map is not to be assembled with book.Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W2324Glossarycartographer a mapmaker(p.4)compass rose a pointed symbol that shows where the directions are on a map(p.7)elevation height of the land(p.14)key the part of the map that explains what the symbols and colors mean(p.6)landmark an object that help you find your way (p.11)pictorial map map with pictures rather than symbols(p.12)relief maps maps that use colors or shades to show elevation(p.15)scale the size of one thing compared to the size of another;on a map,how big the area is compared to the map(p.8)surveying mathematically measuring the distance and angle between objects(p.5)topographic map a map that uses lines to show elevation (p.14)Indexboundary,18cartographer(mapmaker),4,6,9compass rose,7data,12,19,20key,6,7,11,20physical,12pictorial,12 4 Notice the kinds of corners you turn.Draw a line that makes the same kind of corner in the same direction.5 Write the name of each street on your line as you walk down it.Draw landmarks,such as a church,a special tree,or a familiar store.6 Draw your important place when you reach it.7 Use markers and crayons to color your map and add more details.Try giving your map to a friend or a family member.Challenge that person to find his or her way to your important place.political,12relief,15road,17scale,8,9surveying,5topographic,14,15vegetation,16Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W56Before there were planes or spaceships,people drew maps by carefully remembering where things were,how far away they were from each other,and which direction they were from each other.Maps were also made by surveying,or taking mathematical measurements of how far and in which direction things were from each other.Many small maps are still made by surveying.Surveying creates an accurate map,though it takes a long time to survey a large area.I drew my map by remembering and guessing where everything wasit was very hard to do.Some things still might be the wrong size.But if you were lost on the trails by my house,you could use this map to find your way out.What Is on a Map?The KeyMost maps arent an exact drawing of the way an area looks.For instance,I didnt draw the trees,grass,or buildings as they would look in a photo or painting.Cartographers use symbols so that their maps are easy to draw and read.Most maps have a box in the corner,called the key,that tells you what each symbol means.The key on my map tells you the symbols I used to draw the woods and my neighborhood.The double lines are roads where cars drive.The single lines are walking trails.The boxes are buildings,and the slanted lines show water areas.This surveyor is using his equipment to take measurements.Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W56Before there were planes or spaceships,people drew maps by carefully remembering where things were,how far away they were from each other,and which direction they were from each other.Maps were also made by surveying,or taking mathematical measurements of how far and in which direction things were from each other.Many small maps are still made by surveying.Surveying creates an accurate map,though it takes a long time to survey a large area.I drew my map by remembering and guessing where everything wasit was very hard to do.Some things still might be the wrong size.But if you were lost on the trails by my house,you could use this map to find your way out.What Is on a Map?The KeyMost maps arent an exact drawing of the way an area looks.For instance,I didnt draw the trees,grass,or buildings as they would look in a photo or painting.Cartographers use symbols so that their maps are easy to draw and read.Most maps have a box in the corner,called the key,that tells you what each symbol means.The key on my map tells you the symbols I used to draw the woods and my neighborhood.The double lines are roads where cars drive.The single lines are walking trails.The boxes are buildings,and the slanted lines show water areas.This surveyor is using his equipment to take measurements.Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W2324Glossarycartographer a mapmaker(p.4)compass rose a pointed symbol that shows where the directions are on a map(p.7)elevation height of the land(p.14)key the part of the map that explains what the symbols and colors mean(p.6)landmark an object that help you find your way (p.11)pictorial map map with pictures rather than symbols(p.12)relief maps maps that use colors or shades to show elevation(p.15)scale the size of one thing compared to the size of another;on a map,how big the area is compared to the map(p.8)surveying mathematically measuring the distance and angle between objects(p.5)topographic map a map that uses lines to show elevation (p.14)Indexboundary,18cartographer(mapmaker),4,6,9compass rose,7data,12,19,20key,6,7,11,20physical,12pictorial,12 4 Notice the kinds of corners you turn.Draw a line that makes the same kind of corner in the same direction.5 Write the name of each street on your line as you walk down it.Draw landmarks,such as a church,a special tree,or a familiar store.6 Draw your important place when you reach it.7 Use markers and crayons to color your map and add more details.Try giving your map to a friend or a family member.Challenge that person to find his or her way to your important place.political,12relief,15road,17scale,8,9surveying,5topographic,14,15vegetation,16Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W2122Bon Voyage!Maps can tell you many things about a place without your ever having to visit it.Some maps help you find your way around,while others tell you what you might see.There are as many kinds of maps as there are places on Earth and things to see.Check out some maps around you.You can plan a wonderful journey,whether it is a real trip or just an adventure in your mind.This backpacker uses a map to find his way around.Make a Map Try to draw a map that shows the route you take from your home to an important place,such as your school,the snack bar,or a friends home.What you need:graph paper,a pencil with an eraser,and something to write on.1 Draw your home.Use a symbol,such as a square,or a picture of your home.2 Begin walking toward your important place.Draw a line away from the picture of your home,going in the same direction you walk.3 Try to estimate distance by counting how many steps or minutes it takes to go down the first street.If it takes twice as many steps or minutes to walk down another street,draw a line that is twice as long.Use another piece of paper if you need to.Try ThisMapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W78A four-pointed star called the compass rose inside the key tells you where north,south,east,and west are on the map.Most maps put north at the top,south at the bottom,east on the right,and west on the left.As you can see from my compass rose,my map is drawn with northeast at the top.I did this because my house faces northeast,so that is how I think of my neighborhood.Most maps show the names of cities,roads,trails,and other geographical features such as rivers and oceans so that you can quickly tell where things are.I put the name of each trail,road,and building on my map.Look at my map and see if you can find the Hunters Ravine Trail and the high school.ScaleThe scale of a map tells you how big the map is compared to the actual area.Most maps show the scale by comparing two units.On this map of the United States,the scale units are shown on a bar with marks and numbers on it.The top scale tells you the distance in the actual area.The bottom scale shows the distance on the map;this map is measured in centimeters.For example,on this map one centimeter is equal to almost 500 kilometers of actual distance.Some planes have GPS tracking devices in them so you can see where you are during the flight.San FranciscoNewYorkCentimeters0123456Kilometers050010001500200025003000Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W78A four-pointed star called the compass rose inside the key tells you where north,south,east,and west are on the map.Most maps put north at the top,south at the bottom,east on the right,and west on the left.As you can see from my compass rose,my map is drawn with northeast at the top.I did this because my house faces northeast,so that is how I think of my neighborhood.Most maps show the names of cities,roads,trails,and other geographical features such as rivers and oceans so that you can quickly tell where things are.I put the name of each trail,road,and building on my map.Look at my map and see if you can find the Hunters Ravine Trail and the high school.ScaleThe scale of a map tells you how big the map is compared to the actual area.Most maps show the scale by comparing two units.On this map of the United States,the scale units are shown on a bar with marks and numbers on it.The top scale tells you the distance in the actual area.The bottom scale shows the distance on the map;this map is measured in centimeters.For example,on this map one centimeter is equal to almost 500 kilometers of actual distance.Some planes have GPS tracking devices in them so you can see where you are during the flight.San FranciscoNewYorkCentimeters0123456Kilometers050010001500200025003000Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W2122Bon Voyage!Maps can tell you many things about a place without your ever having to visit it.Some maps help you find your way around,while others tell you what you might see.There are as many kinds of maps as there are places on Earth and things to see.Check out some maps around you.You can plan a wonderful journey,whether it is a real trip or just an adventure in your mind.This backpacker uses a map to find his way around.Make a Map Try to draw a map that shows the route you take from your home to an important place,such as your school,the snack bar,or a friends home.What you need:graph paper,a pencil with an eraser,and something to write on.1 Draw your home.Use a symbol,such as a square,or a picture of your home.2 Begin walking toward your important place.Draw a line away from the picture of your home,going in the same direction you walk.3 Try to estimate distance by counting how many steps or minutes it takes to go down the first street.If it takes twice as many steps or minutes to walk down another street,draw a line that is twice as long.Use another piece of paper if you need to.Try ThisMapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W1920Data MapsA data map is any kind of map that shows information in the form of numbers.You may have seen a data map on the news that showed how people voted in different areas.You may also have seen a data map on the weather report that showed how many centimeters of rain fell in different areas.Data maps can show natural or human information.On this version of my map,I changed the way I drew the trails to show how many people use each path.Four lines mark trails where 30 to 40 people go each week.One line marks trails where 5 or fewer people go each week.Use the key to see how the other trails are drawn.You could use this data map to estimate which trails have the most erosion,or to plan a walking trip on which you wouldnt run into many other people.On this version of the map,I used a drawing of a newt to show how many red newts I see in different areas.Each drawing represents five red newts.You could use this map to see if the population of red newts is rising or falling.You could also use it to pick walking trails where you could see many red newts.Data maps can represent almost any kind of information.Look in newspapers,magazines,and on the Internet to find different kinds of data maps.Remember to look at the key to see what each color or symbol means.Mapping the Woods:Maps and Cartography Level W910Can you imagine if a map of the entire United States were drawn in the scale of my map of the woods?The map wo
