原版英语RAZ 教案P17-History to Chew On (3).pdf
www.readinga-History to Chew OnA Reading AZ Level P Leveled BookWord Count:733History to Chew On History to Chew On Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Marilyn GouldLEVELED BOOK PWritten by Marilyn GouldHistory to Chew On History to Chew OnLevel P Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Marilyn GouldAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:iS Valdez;back cover:GeoStock/Photodisc/Getty Images;title page,pages 2,4,7,10,16:Learning A-Z;page 3:Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 5:Angel Terry/Alamy;page 6(top):Hemera Technologies/Jupiterimages Corporation;page 6(bottom):iS;page 8(top):Jose Luis Pelaez,Inc/Blend Images/Getty Images;page 8(bottom left):Mareen Fischinger/Westend61/Getty Images;page 8(bottom right):Andersen Ross/Blend Images/Getty Images;page 9:Lee Foster/Alamy;page 11(main):Hisham Ibrahim/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 11(inset):Bettmann/Corbis;page 12:iS Bruce;page 13:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 14:PhotoEdit/Alamy;page 15:iS Collingwoodwww.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL PM2828Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsChew on This.4The First Chewers.5Gum Machines .7Gum Control .9Different Types of Gum .10Getting Rich by Making Gum.11How to Make Chewing Gum .13Conclusion .15Glossary .16Chew on ThisDogs can chew bones.Cows can chew cud.But what can people chew?People can chew gum.Have you ever wondered where gum comes from,how its made,and who first started chewing it?History to Chew On Level P34Table of ContentsChew on This.4The First Chewers.5Gum Machines .7Gum Control .9Different Types of Gum .10Getting Rich by Making Gum.11How to Make Chewing Gum .13Conclusion .15Glossary .16Chew on ThisDogs can chew bones.Cows can chew cud.But what can people chew?People can chew gum.Have you ever wondered where gum comes from,how its made,and who first started chewing it?History to Chew On Level P56The First ChewersSome people think the first people to chew gum were Americans,but that isnt true.Many years before Europeans discovered North America,people from different countries chewed all sorts of gummy stuff that came from plants.People from Greece chewed mastiche.Native peoples from South America chewed chicle.In India,betel was popular.Native peoples from North America liked a sticky“goo”made from the sap of spruce trees.Some Europeans who settled in North America found out about the goo,tried it,and liked it.You,however,may not have liked the spruce gum.It had very little taste.It wasnt until 1850 that John Curtis added flavor to“spruce up”the spruce sap.He named it Maine Pure Spruce Gum and sold it to other North American settlers.Chewing betel nuts and leaves stains the teeth.spruce treeSpruce sap drips from a cut in a spruce tree.History to Chew On Level P56The First ChewersSome people think the first people to chew gum were Americans,but that isnt true.Many years before Europeans discovered North America,people from different countries chewed all sorts of gummy stuff that came from plants.People from Greece chewed mastiche.Native peoples from South America chewed chicle.In India,betel was popular.Native peoples from North America liked a sticky“goo”made from the sap of spruce trees.Some Europeans who settled in North America found out about the goo,tried it,and liked it.You,however,may not have liked the spruce gum.It had very little taste.It wasnt until 1850 that John Curtis added flavor to“spruce up”the spruce sap.He named it Maine Pure Spruce Gum and sold it to other North American settlers.Chewing betel nuts and leaves stains the teeth.spruce treeSpruce sap drips from a cut in a spruce tree.History to Chew On Level P78Gum MachinesBy 1871,chewing gum became so popular that Thomas Adams,a New York gum inventor and salesperson,invented a gum-making machine.Shortly thereafter,more machines were invented.Some of the machines released gum in the shape of balls when a coin was put into a slot.Others released gum in little sticks.Some of the gumball machines had a glass globe that made the gumballs look bigger than they really were.What the inventors didnt expect was for the kids to learn how to stick their fingers into the machine to pluck a free gumball.It took Thomas Adams to figure out how to correct that mistake.He installed the first vending machines in New York subways in 1888.Do You Know?Thomas Adams was also the first to create Tutti-Frutti gum,selling it in New York City subway stations in 1888.This modern gumball machine looks like early 1900s machines did.History to Chew On Level P78Gum MachinesBy 1871,chewing gum became so popular that Thomas Adams,a New York gum inventor and salesperson,invented a gum-making machine.Shortly thereafter,more machines were invented.Some of the machines released gum in the shape of balls when a coin was put into a slot.Others released gum in little sticks.Some of the gumball machines had a glass globe that made the gumballs look bigger than they really were.What the inventors didnt expect was for the kids to learn how to stick their fingers into the machine to pluck a free gumball.It took Thomas Adams to figure out how to correct that mistake.He installed the first vending machines in New York subways in 1888.Do You Know?Thomas Adams was also the first to create Tutti-Frutti gum,selling it in New York City subway stations in 1888.This modern gumball machine looks like early 1900s machines did.History to Chew On Level P910Gum ControlOne of the biggest problems with chewing gum continues to be the way people discard it.Many spit it out onto sidewalks or stick it underneath their desks or chairs,or somewhere worse.It can make a nasty mess.In fact,in the early 1900s,the New York Central Railroad had to hire a full-time gum removal employee.Each night the employee would collect seven to eight pounds of gum that people stuck to places in New York Central Station.Since 1960,people have been putting their chewed gum on an old brick building in San Luis Obispo,California.The place is called Gum Alley.It has become a very tacky wall.Different Types of GumWhat is your favorite type of chewing gum?There are many different types to choose from.The most well-known are a small stick or a wad.In the 1930s and 40s,the most popular flavors were Juicy Fruit,Spearmint,Doublemint,Double Bubble,Black Jack,Beemans Pepsin,and Dentyne.Now there are all sorts of different flavorssome sugar-free,some hot and spicy,some even good for your teeth and breath.Gum AlleyHistory to Chew On Level P910Gum ControlOne of the biggest problems with chewing gum continues to be the way people discard it.Many spit it out onto sidewalks or stick it underneath their desks or chairs,or somewhere worse.It can make a nasty mess.In fact,in the early 1900s,the New York Central Railroad had to hire a full-time gum removal employee.Each night the employee would collect seven to eight pounds of gum that people stuck to places in New York Central Station.Since 1960,people have been putting their chewed gum on an old brick building in San Luis Obispo,California.The place is called Gum Alley.It has become a very tacky wall.Different Types of GumWhat is your favorite type of chewing gum?There are many different types to choose from.The most well-known are a small stick or a wad.In the 1930s and 40s,the most popular flavors were Juicy Fruit,Spearmint,Doublemint,Double Bubble,Black Jack,Beemans Pepsin,and Dentyne.Now there are all sorts of different flavorssome sugar-free,some hot and spicy,some even good for your teeth and breath.Gum AlleyHistory to Chew On Level P1112Getting Rich by Making GumWilliam Wrigley Jr.added different flavors to his gum,making it taste better.His first flavors were called Lotta Gum and Vassar,and in order to get people to taste it,he sent a piece of it to one and a half million peopleeveryone listed in the United States phone books in 1892.People loved it and started buying it.He became so rich from gum sales,he was able to buy a professional baseball team,the Chicago Cubs.He also built a stadium for them,Wrigley Field.Then,he bought an island off the coast of Southern California,Catalina Island,where he could relax and enjoy himself.The Wrigley Building in downtown Chicago was named after the Wrigley family.Wrigley Field,where the Chicago Cubs play home gamesHistory to Chew On Level P1112Getting Rich by Making GumWilliam Wrigley Jr.added different flavors to his gum,making it taste better.His first flavors were called Lotta Gum and Vassar,and in order to get people to taste it,he sent a piece of it to one and a half million peopleeveryone listed in the United States phone books in 1892.People loved it and started buying it.He became so rich from gum sales,he was able to buy a professional baseball team,the Chicago Cubs.He also built a stadium for them,Wrigley Field.Then,he bought an island off the coast of Southern California,Catalina Island,where he could relax and enjoy himself.The Wrigley Building in downtown Chicago was named after the Wrigley family.Wrigley Field,where the Chicago Cubs play home gamesHistory to Chew On Level P1314How to Make Chewing GumWould you like to make your own chewing gum?It may not be so easy.The first ingredient is a“gum base”which is usually made of latex,chicle,beeswax,or paraffin wax.Melt the gum base until it is like a thick maple syrup.Then pour it through a fine mesh screen and into a mixing vat.Next,add the flavoring and coloring.Then,put the mixture on a cooling belt.When it is cool and set,roll it out,cut it into pieces,and put it aside for 24 hours before packing it.Got it?It might be easier for you to buy your own gum than to make it yourself.History to Chew On Level P1314How to Make Chewing GumWould you like to make your own chewing gum?It may not be so easy.The first ingredient is a“gum base”which is usually made of latex,chicle,beeswax,or paraffin wax.Melt the gum base until it is like a thick maple syrup.Then pour it through a fine mesh screen and into a mixing vat.Next,add the flavoring and coloring.Then,put the mixture on a cooling belt.When it is cool and set,roll it out,cut it into pieces,and put it aside for 24 hours before packing it.Got it?It might be easier for you to buy your own gum than to make it yourself.History to Chew On Level P1516Glossarycud food digested once,thrown up,and chewed again by a cow(p.4)discard to get rid of,throw away,or reject(p.9)latex the sap of certain plants that becomes a solid upon reaching the air(p.13)mesh made of theads or wires loosley woven together(p.14)paraffin a combination of water and carbon that creates a solid(p.13)sap the fluid that carries food throughout a plant(p.6)tacky sticky or lacking in style(p.9)vat a large container used to store liquids(p.14)wad a small mass of soft material(p.10)Do You Know?Because discarded chewed gum can be such a nuisance,the island nation of Singapore outlawed gum in 1992.ConclusionSo the next time you are chewing a stick of gum or waiting for a gumball to drop from a machine,think about where it came from,how its made,and how long people have been enjoying itoh,and be sure to discard it properly,in the garbage(or on Gum Alley).History to Chew On Level P1516Glossarycud food digested once,thrown up,and chewed again by a cow(p.4)discard to get rid of,throw away,or reject(p.9)latex the sap of certain plants that becomes a solid upon reaching the air(p.13)mesh made of theads or wires loosley woven together(p.14)paraffin a combination of water and carbon that creates a solid(p.13)sap the fluid that carries food throughout a plant(p.6)tacky sticky or lacking in style(p.9)vat a large container used to store liquids(p.14)wad a small mass of soft material(p.10)Do You Know?Because discarded chewed gum can be such a nuisance,the island nation of Singapore outlawed gum in 1992.ConclusionSo the next time you are chewing a stick of gum or waiting for a gumball to drop from a machine,think about where it came from,how its made,and how long people have been enjoying itoh,and be sure to discard it properly,in the garbage(or on Gum Alley).History to Chew On Level PWritten by Marilyn GouldHistory to Chew On History to Chew OnLevel P Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Marilyn GouldAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:iS Valdez;back cover:GeoStock/Photodisc/Getty Images;title page,pages 2,4,7,10,16:Learning A-Z;page 3:Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 5:Angel Terry/Alamy;page 6(top):Hemera Technologies/Jupiterimages Corporation;page 6(bottom):iS;page 8(top):Jose Luis Pelaez,Inc/Blend Images/Getty Images;page 8(bottom left):Mareen Fischinger/Westend61/Getty Images;page 8(bottom right):Andersen Ross/Blend Images/Getty Images;page 9:Lee Foster/Alamy;page 11(main):Hisham Ibrahim/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 11(inset):Bettmann/Corbis;page 12:iS Bruce;page 13:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 14:PhotoEdit/Alamy;page 15:iS Collingwoodwww.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL PM2828Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-History to Chew OnA Reading AZ Level P Leveled BookWord Count:733History to Chew On History to Chew On Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Marilyn GouldLEVELED BOOK P
