原版英语RAZ 教案India.pdf
www.readinga-Evaluate:How does Indias large population affect its people and environment?Analyze:How are the celebrations in India influenced by its history?Discussion QuestionsVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK YLEVELED BOOK YWritten by Duncan FrostIndiaA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,480Indiawww.readinga-IndiaCountries Around the World Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Duncan FrostAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Dmitry Rukhlenko/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:Mariusz Prusaczyk/iStock/Thinkstock;page 3:Steve Filipiak/Alamy;page 6:Samrat35/D;page 7:JeremyRichards/iStock Editorial/Thinkstock;page 9:Skouatroulio/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10:Intellistudies/iStock/Thinkstock;page 11:Arterra Picture Library/Alamy;page 12(top):Ievgen Melamud/D;page 12(bottom):intek1/iStock/Thinkstock;page 13(top):Isnap/iStock Editorial/Thinkstock;page 13(bottom):Maharaj Khazanchi/D;page 14:Meinzahn/iStock Editorial/Thinkstock;page 15(main):robynmac/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(inset):asafta/iStock/ThinkstockFront and back cover:The Golden Temple was built in a pool of water in the Indian city of Amritsar(uhm-RIT-suhr).Title page:Decorated elephants are used in India for many processions,such as those in festivals.Page 3:A girl collects firewood near the Taj Mahal(in background).Many people think the Taj Mahal,built in the 1600s,is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.Written by Duncan FrostIndiaCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsWhere Is It?4People 6Land 8Celebrations 10History 11Animals 12Conclusion 14Glossary 16Where Is It?India is a country in Asia that is mainly a peninsula Pakistan,China,Nepal,and Bhutan lie along Indias northern border Bangladesh and Myanmar,or Burma,lie to the east of India,and just south of India is the island nation of Sri Lanka To the southwest of India is the Arabian Sea To the southeast is the Bay of Bengal India also includes islands such as the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar IslandsASIANew DelhiPakistanChinaNepalSri LankaBhutanBay of BengalARABIAN SEAIndiaMyanmar(Burma)BangladeshAfghanistanMumbaiNicobarAndamanIndia Level YIndia56The capital of India is New Delhi(DEL-ee),which is part of Delhi Delhi is a very old city,but New Delhi was built in the early 1900s At the time New Delhi was built,India was part of the British Empire,and the city was constructed to be the capital of British India Delhi is a complex maze of small streets with crowded bazaars,while New Delhi has spacious avenues and modern shopping centers Delhi is a huge city of more than twenty million people,and New Delhi is only a small part of this large urban areaDelhi and another large city in India,Mumbai,are racing each other for the title of the countrys largest city The populations of both cities are very close in size,and the numbers continue to rise each year Mumbai was known as Bombay for many years,but in 1995 the name was changed to reflect the native language of the region Mumbai has been called the Gateway of India because of its large port,and the city actually has a monument by the same name This monument was built at the entrance to the harbor in 1911 to celebrate the first visit to India by a British king and queen At that time,India was a British colony About forty years later,when India gained its freedom,the lead British government official left by that same gate Mumbai lies on an island in the Arabian Sea just off the west coast of mainland India PeopleWith more than 12 billion people,India ranks second only to China in population,and Indias population continues to grow Most people live in small towns and villages in the countryside,even though India does have some large cities Most rural homes do not have indoor plumbing,and about half do not have electricityIndian society used to be divided into classes that made up the caste system In this system,people had to follow strict rules depending on their social group Each group had its own traditional foods,customs,and ways of making a living Some castes were treated badly by other castes Today,the caste system is illegal,but some people still maintain these traditionsMany people in rural India get water from wells because most homes do not have indoor plumbing.India Level Y78Half of the people in India make their living from agriculture They raise cattle,water buffalo,and other animals;however,Indian people do not raise cattle to eat,because most Indians belong to the Hindu religion For Hindus,cows are sacred Other animals such as sheep,goats,and chickens are raised for meatIndian cities are extremely crowded Most people live in apartment buildings along very narrow streets Many shopkeepers live above or in the back of their shops Because India has such a large population,it has been hard for the countrys electricity supply to keep up with the demand Power outages and power rationing,or the limited use of power at certain times,are very common in cities In addition,average incomes are among the worlds lowest,and many of the countrys people live in poverty At the same time,however,many people in India are highly educated and work in science and technology industries LandThe Himalayas form Indias northern border These mountains are the highest in the world and act as a barrier that separates India from the rest of Asia Thus,India is often called a subcontinentA low-lying plain called the Indo-Gangetic Plain stretches across northern India This rich land was formed long ago as rivers continuously flooded and left sediment behindMany streets in Indias cities are crowded with shops and people,such as this street in Old Delhi.Indias LandformsNew DelhiMount EverestIndo-Gangetic PlainWestern Ghats Mtns.Eastern Ghats Mtns.DeccanPlateauThar DesertIndus RiverSundarbanIndiaHimalayan Mtns.Chota Nagpur PlateauGanges RiverIndia Level Y910The Ganges River lies in the northern part of India In Hinduism,the Ganges is a sacred river Hindus from all over India travel to the river to enter its waters South of the Indo-Gangetic Plain lies the Deccan Plateau This raised land takes up more than half of India and includes low hills as well as coastal areas Many people live on the Deccan Plateau because it has rich soil and a climate just right for growing crops Toward the western part of India,the land becomes drier to form the Thar Desert The sand dunes of this region constantly shiftMost of India has three seasons:hot and dry,hot and wet,and cool and dry The hot and dry season lasts from March until May or June and brings high temperatures,strong winds,and dust storms The hot and wet season is known as the monsoon season Beginning in May or June,strong winds from the south bring very heavy rains that fall in the afternoon on most days About three-fourths of Indias yearly precipitation usually falls during this season In some years,the monsoon season brings flooding to many parts of the country By late October,the rains stop,and the weather becomes cool and dryCelebrationsPeople in India celebrate many special days On October 2,people celebrate the birthday of Mohandas Gandhi,a famous leader who led Indians to independence from the British People attend prayer services and ceremonies to honor the“Father of the Nation”Diwali(dih-WAH-lee),also known as the festival of lights,lasts for five days in autumn each year During this time,people light small candles,shoot firecrackers,and give sweets to friends and familyHoli(HOH-lee)is a spring Hindu celebration known as the festival of colors During Holi,people celebrate the end of winter by throwing colored water and powder on each other People also sing,dance,and enjoy special foods Holi festivities can be messy,but at the end of the day,everyone bathes and puts on clean white clothesAugust 15 is Indias Independence Day On this day,the Indian people celebrate their independence from Great Britain in 1947 People often fly colorful kites that symbolize freedomThe Thar Desert covers about 200,000 square kilometers(77,000 sq.mi.).During Holi,many children use water guns and balloons filled with colored water to spray each other.India Level Y1112HistoryIndias civilization is very old By about 321 bc,people living in the land now known as India were united under one ruler In the ad 700s,Muslims invaded India and set up a kingdom with Delhi at its center Muslim rule lasted until the 1600s,and one Muslim ruler,the Shah Jahan,left behind one of Indias most famous landmarks,the Taj Mahal This beautiful building is a mausoleum built for the Shahs wife after she died Also during this time,Europeans began to explore the world In 1498,the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed to India,and by 1858,India became part of the British EmpireAround 1920,Mohandas Gandhi began urging the Indian people to resist British rulebut not with violence Gandhi showed that nonviolent protest could make a difference Independence for India took twenty-seven years,but the country became a free democracy in 1947 Since that time,India has faced wars,poverty,and a growing population However,it is quickly becoming a modern country,filled with opportunity In 2007,India elected its first female president It is the worlds largest democracyAnimalsIndias wildlife includes many exotic species,including large cats In fact,India is the only country in the world with both lions and tigers It is also the home of two kinds of leopards While both types of leopards are rare,the snow leopard of the Himalayas is far scarcerOne of Indias most famous reptiles is the cobra,a poisonous snake known for spreading its hood when it feels threatened Because it hunts mice and rats,which live close to humans,the cobra does sometimes bite peopleThe king cobra is one of the types of cobras that live in India.The Jungle BookRudyard Kipling,a British author who was born in India,wrote many childrens stories about India under British rule.In The Jungle Book,published in 1895,he included many exotic animal characters,such as Shere Khan the Bengal tiger,Baloo the brown bear,Kaa the python,and Rikki-tikki-tavi the mongoose.Taj MahalIndia Level Y1314The Indian elephant was once prized for its strength and helped to clear many forests in India People used elephants to lift logs and to transport crops and people Today,some Indians still use elephants to help them with their work Wild elephants are found in most regions of India,but they are threatened by habitat lossAlong the Bay of Bengal,the mangrove forests in the swampy Sundarban provide a unique habitat for many animals The Sundarban is the home of sea turtles,sharks,and crocodiles It is also the largest home of Bengal tigers,and the tigers actually swim in the swamps waters to catch prey A male Bengal can grow to 3 meters(10 ft)in length and weigh as much as 230 kilograms(500 lbs)ConclusionIndia is a large country filled with many people and exotic animals The country has been faced with enormous challenges,such as feeding and housing its population while protecting its amazing natural beauty At the same time,India continues to grow,becoming an important player on the world stage Some elephants are still used to carry crops and do other work.The India Gate in New Delhi is a popular gathering place for many Indians as well as tourists.Scientists are working hard to protect Indias endangered Bengal tiger.India Level Y1516IndiaGlossarybazaars(n.)markets with rows of small shops(p 5)caste system(n.)a rigid system of social position based on birth and profession(p 6)mangrove(n.)a tropical tree that grows in swamps or shallow salt water(p 13)mausoleum(n.)a large tomb,or a structure that contains several tombs(p 11)monsoon(n.)a seasonal storm that brings heavy rain to an area(p 9)Muslims(n.)people who follow the religion of Islam(p 11)peninsula(n.)a long piece of land almost completely surrounded by water(p 4)precipitation(n.)water that falls to the ground,such as hail,sleet,rain,or snow(p 9)sacred(adj.)related to a religious or spiritual purpose(p 7)sediment(n.)particles of dirt and rock that are carried by water,wind,or ice to another place(p 8)subcontinent(n.)a large land area that is a part of a continent(p 8)Sundarban(n.)a heavily forested swamp area next to the Bay of Bengal in India and Bangladesh(p 13)Population:1,236,344,631Land:2,973,193 sq km(1,147,956 sq.mi.)Capital City:New DelhiPrimary Languages:HindiPrimary Religion:HinduismCurrency:Rupee(ROO-pee)Source:Central Intelligence Agency(July 2014),World BankIndia Level Y
