原版英语RAZ 教案King George III.pdf

Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.King George IIIA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,311WritingHow do you think King George III should be remembered?Write an essay explaining your answer using details from the book and outside resources.Social StudiesMake a timeline of the wars King George III was involved in during his reign.Include details about each war on your timeline.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Nancy JaneLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK XKing George IIIKing George IIIKing George IIIwww.readinga-What kind of leader was King George III?Focus QuestionWritten by Nancy JaneKing George IIIKing George IIIWorld Leaders Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Nancy JaneAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A painting of King George III by Sir Nathaniel Dance,1773Title page:A portrait of King George III when he was the prince of Wales,by Jean-Etienne Liotard,1754Photo Credits:Front cover:Fine Art Images/SuperStock/Getty Images;title page,pages 5(left),8(bottom):Granger,NYC;pages 4,7:Stock Montage/Archive Photos/Getty Images;page 5(right):De Agostini Picture Library/De Agostini/Getty Images;page 8(top):Heritage Images/Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images;page 9:Niday Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo;page 10:DEA/M.Seemuller/De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images;pages 11,15(bottom right):George III suffering from an attack of madness,English School/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;page 12:World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo;page 13:Portrait of George IV,Lawrence,Thomas/Private Collection/Photo Philip Mould Ltd,London/Bridgeman Images;page 14:George III,1762-82,Ramsay,Allan/Wallace Collection,London,UK/Bridgeman Images;page 15(top left):Universal Images Group/Getty Images;page 15(top right):Print Collector/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 15(bottom left):Bettmann/Getty ImagesCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAalliesboycottsdeclinelegacyleviedmentorministermonarchyParliamentsymptomstreatytuberculosisWords to Know3IRELANDSCOTLANDENGLANDEngland,Ireland,and ScotlandEngland,Ireland,and ScotlandATLANTIC OCEANNORTH SEAFRANCEWALESLondonHAFRICAASIAEUROPEKing George III Level XTable of ContentsA Historic Meeting .4The Making of a King .5Two Officials Clash .7A Royal Family .8The Colonies .9America Fights Back .10Illness and Revolution .11A New King George .13A Complex Portrait .14Glossary .164A Historic MeetingJohn Adams,one of Americas Founding Fathers,traveled to England in 1785 to meet with King George III.Adams stood before the king,who looked at Adams skeptically.The United States had declared its independence from Great Britain just nine years earlier,and relations between the two nations were rocky.Adams humbly offered the United States hand in friendship.He spoke of honor and affection between the two nations and expressed good wishes for the kings health and happiness.The king smiled,replying that he accepted Adamss offer,and the brief meeting ended.Great Britain,the country King George III ruled and loved,had suffered due to the loss of the American colonies.He was determined,and vowed to lead his nation to greatness again.John Adams(left),from the United States,extends an offering to George III(right)of England in 1785.5Portraits show young Prince George(left)and Lord Bute(right).Lord Bute taught the king about the government and the world.King George III Level XThe Making of a KingPrincess Augusta of Wales gave birth to George on June 4,1738.His royal family included his grandfather,King George II,and his father,Frederick,Prince of Wales.The king and Frederick did not get along.Their political opinions differed,which created family tension.Young George grew up in that stressful environment.A sensitive and emotional boy,George struggled with his education,even though his parents provided excellent teachers.It wasnt until the age of eleven that he learned to read.One year later,his father died of a lung ailment,leaving George the heir to the British throne.The future king turned to his teacher,Lord Bute,for support.He would soon need it.6British in 1763British before 1763ATLANTIC OCEANGULF OF MEXICOGREAT LAKESThis map shows Great Britains territory in North America before the French and Indian War(purple)and the areas they gained after the war(red).North American British Territories in 1763North American British Territories in 1763In the mid-1700s,Great Britain was a powerful ruler in different places around the world.Its colonies in India and North America provided markets where British merchants sold goods.The British monarchy led the way for the nation.However,the British Parliament often clashed with the king.In 1760,George II died,and at the age of just twenty-two,George became King George III.At that time,Great Britain was in the middle of fighting for control of land in the Seven Years War against France and other countries in Europe.Battles also took place in North America,where the war was called the French and Indian War.When Great Britain won the war,it gained many French territories and grew larger than ever before.Mississippi RiverMissouri RiverOhio RiverThe Thirteen Colonies7King George III Level XTwo Officials Clash The victories in the Seven Years War thrilled King George III,but the British public did not give him much credit.Instead,William Pitt,war minister to King George,earned the praise.William Pitt was an enemy of Lord Bute,the kings mentor.Pitt and Bute argued at the end of the war.Pitt wanted to expand the war into Spain,but Bute and the king did not.The conflict became so heated that Pitt resigned his post in the kings ministry.The king appointed Bute prime minister,the leading position in the kings ministry.Bute formally ended the Seven Years War with a treaty signed in 1763.He resigned shortly after that.William Pitt was the driving force behind Britains victory.Even so,Lord Bute opposed him and urged George III to do the same.8A Simple ManA Simple ManKing George selected Sophia Charlotte as his wife without having met her.She arrived in England,met the king,and married him the next day.A Royal FamilyGeorge III may have lost his closest political advisor,but he had gained a partner for life.In 1761,the king married a German princess named Sophia Charlotte.Their long,successful marriage lasted more than fifty years,and they had fifteen children together.Happy at home,George was determined to be a great leader.He worked hard to learn more about the British Parliament and how it could be improved.The king remained keenly aware of global affairs as well.Despite his royal rank,King George enjoyed the simpler things in life.He loved agriculture and spent many days inspecting his kingdoms farms.His favorite activities included horseback riding,music,attending the theater,and playing cards.9The Boston Tea Party rallied the colonists who felt oppressed by British taxes.King George III Level XThe ColoniesThe greatest challenge King George III faced was the American Revolution.The war began with a series of parliamentary acts that outraged the American colonists.Great Britain levied taxes on goods the colonists used:the Sugar Act taxed molasses;the Stamp Act taxed all printed paper;and the Townshend Acts taxed paint,glass,and tea.The colonists opposed the taxes and issued boycotts of British goods.Then,on the night of December 16,1773,a group of colonists dressed as Native Americans boarded a British ship docked in Boston Harbor.The ship carried crates of tea,and the colonists dumped the crates into the water.King George responded to the Boston Tea Party with a challenge:“The colonies must either triumph or submit.”10America Fights BackThe American Revolution began in 1775,when soldiers fired shots at the Battles of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts.King George realized he needed more troops to lead Great Britain to victory,so he hired the services of about thirty thousand German soldiers,called Hessians.Teamed with the Hessians,the kings army defeated the colonists in some early battles.However,when General George Washington led a surprise attack in late 1776,the British were pushed back.In 1778,a decisive event occurred:the French joined the American side.Supported by their allies,the Americans won the war in 1781.King George,sensing he might be blamed for the defeat,claimed,“I am innocent of the evils that have occurred.”Upon declaring independence from Britain in 1776,some colonists tore down a statue of King George in New York City.11King George III Level XIllness and RevolutionIn the late 1780s,after the loss of the colonies,people around King George III began to notice his failing health.He seemed nervous.He said strange things and talked to imaginary people.He could be violent,too,shouting and pushing people.These were just the emotional symptomshe weakened physically as well.Deeply alarmed,the kings family and ministers asked doctors to help.They conducted treatments common during that era.They had the king drink medicine,and they opened his veins and bled him.They also began a course of strict discipline,punishing the king harshly if he acted strangely.This treatment appeared to help,and soon the king began working again.At times,King George IIIs illness resulted in violent outbursts,and he was restrained.12The political cartoon“The Rival Gardeners”expresses how both George III and Napoleon had their own gardens(lands)to attend to.A revolution in Ireland also commanded the kings attention around that time.The conflict centered on religion.Ireland was a Catholic nation,and Great Britains Parliament had passed laws limiting the rights of Catholics living there.After the British army stifled a rebellion,Great Britains Parliament merged with Irelands in 1800,creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.The kings challenges were not over,though,and the early 1800s saw Great Britain at war with France once again.After the French Revolution of 1789,a young general named Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power in France.Napoleon wanted to conquer lands in Europe,including Great Britain.England had to defend itself.The Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815 with Great Britain and its allies again defeating Britains old rival.13George IV served as king from 1820 to 1830.King George III Level XA New King George In 1809,Great Britain celebrated George IIIs fiftieth year on the throne.Despite his reigns rough beginnings,the king had reached new heights of popularity,and most subjects believed that George III had led his country well for half a century.Thousands of his subjects cheered him.The following year,the king suffered a terrible tragedy.His youngest daughter died suddenly of tuberculosis at the age of twenty-seven.The king was shocked and heartbroken.Soon the symptoms of his earlier illness returned.He went into a steep physical and mental decline.In 1811,it became clear that the king could no longer perform his duties.The British Parliament named his eldest son,George,as regent,or temporary ruler.When George III finally passed away in January 1820,young George ascended to the throne just as his father had done decades earlier.14King George reigned for sixty yearslonger than any monarch before him.A Complex PortraitKing Georges legacy offers a picture of a complicated yet strong leader.Some people think of George III as the king who let the American colonies win their independence.Others think of him as the ruler who went insane.Many historians,however,have begun to rethink their opinions of him.Some historians believe symptoms of his mental illness are linked to physical disease.As a leader,George III always put his country first.He rallied and led his nation to victories in the Seven Years War and the Napoleonic Wars.He also fought hard to keep the British colonies in America.The kings personal life has also been given more consideration,and history has shown that George was a hard worker,a loyal husband,and a loving father.151738:George is born on June 41756:Seven Years War begins1809:The king celebrates fifty years on the throne1815:The British defeat Napoleon1820:Thousands attend George IIIs funeral1751:Frederick,Prince of Wales and Georges father,dies1760:King George II,Georges grandfather,dies,and George becomes king1763:Seven Years War ends1775:First shots of the American Revolution1798:Britain stops the Irish Rebellion1781:The British surrender to the American colonists at YorktownThe Life of George IIIThe Life of George III1788:George III shows signs of a serious mental illness;resumes duties a year later,appearing to be cured 17401750176017701800179018101730 1820 1780King George III Level X16Glossaryallies(n.)people or groups that join with others for a common cause(p.10)boycotts(n.)refusals to buy or take part in something in order to make points or force change(p.9)decline(n.)a steady drop in amount,quality,value,or strength(p.13)legacy(n.)something handed down from the past to the present(p.14)levied(v.)collected something,such as a tax,by government authority(p.9)mentor(n.)an experienced teacher and advisor(p.7)minister(n.)a government official(p.7)monarchy(n.)a government ruled by a single,nonelected person,such as a king or queen(p.6)Parliament(n.)the lawmaking body of the government of the United Kingdom(p.6)symptoms(n.)specific signs of illness or injury(p.11)treaty(n.)a formal agreement of peace or friendship between two nations or groups(p.7)tuberculosis(n.)a serious disease of the lungs(p.13)