原版英语RAZ 教案(Z) Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders - Giant Arachnids_DS.pdf
www.readinga-GIANTS OF THEANIMAL WORLDVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK ZLEVELED BOOK ZWritten by Judy BrausGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant ArachnidsA Reading AZ Level Z Leveled BookWord Count:1,543WritingWrite an adventure story featuring a Goliath bird-eating spider.Include facts about this spider in your story.ScienceCompare the Goliath bird-eating spider and another tarantula.Draw a Venn diagram comparing the two.Include at least five similarities and differences.ConnectionsGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Front cover:The enormous size of Goliath spiders prevents them from being good vertical climbers like other spiders.Title page:Goliath prey rarely includes adult birds,but these spiders will occasionally eat a small hatchling.Page 3:Goliath spider babies look very much like adultsonly smaller.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 6(main):Pete Oxford/Minden Pictures;back cover:Comstock/Stockbyte/Thinkstock;icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:John Mitchell/Science Source;pages 3,14,15:Pascal Goetgheluck/;page 5:Nick Gordon/;page 6(inset):Daniel Heuclin/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 7:James H.Robinson/Science Source;pages 8,12(top left):Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures;page 11:tbkmedia.de/Alamy;page 12(bottom right):Mark Moffett/Minden Pictures;page 13:Tom McHugh/Science Sourcearachnidsburrowsdigestiveirritationmoltnervous systemparalyzesregeneratesilkvenomvibrationsvulnerableWords to Knowwww.readinga-Written by Judy Braus What features allow the Goliath bird-eating spider to live in the rainforests of South America?Focus QuestionGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant ArachnidsGiants of the Animal World Level Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Judy BrausAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids 1516What Spiders Teach Us Goliaths have been around for millions of yearsand they havent changed much in all that time.Their sheer size has always fascinated people,from local folks to scientists to spider enthusiasts.Were continuing to learn about how these spiders regenerate limbs and how Goliath venom affects the nervous system of their prey.Although the thought of one of these spiders crawling up your arm might terrify you,Goliath spiders,like all living things,play an important role in the ecological landscape where they live.They not only help keep rodents,insects,and other species in check,but they also provide food for a number of predators.Learning about Goliath spiders and other living things in the rainforest helps us understand the relationships between species and the importance of protecting them and their environment.If youre ever in Goliath bird-eating spider territory,you might want to observe these giants from a distance.Theyre huge,hairy,and may be scary,but theyre definitely one of the most interesting giants in the animal kingdom.Glossaryarachnids(n.)members of a group of arthropods that have two body segments and eight legs;includes spiders and scorpions(p.4)burrows(n.)holes dug in the ground by an animal for use as a home(p.9)digestive(adj.)of or relating to the action of breaking down food for use by the body(p.11)irritation(n.)the state of being annoyed,angry,or impatient;the condition of having discomfort in a body part(p.11)molt(v.)to shed an outer covering such as skin,hair,feathers,or a shell before replacing it with a new layer(p.13)nervous the body system that gathers information from and responds to the senses,and affects thinking and behavior(p.10)paralyzes(v.)causes one or more parts of a body to become unable to move(p.4)regenerate(v.)to produce or create again(p.13)silk(n.)strong threads made by a spider or silkworm(p.5)venom(n.)a poisonous fluid that some animals use to kill prey and defend themselves,usually delivered by biting or stinging(p.4)vibrations(n.)trembling movements;small,rapid back-and-forth or side-to-side movements(p.7)vulnerable(adj.)able to be hurt easily(p.13)A female Goliath in Guyana,South America.system(n.)Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level ZFront cover:The enormous size of Goliath spiders prevents them from being good vertical climbers like other spiders.Title page:Goliath prey rarely includes adult birds,but these spiders will occasionally eat a small hatchling.Page 3:Goliath spider babies look very much like adultsonly smaller.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 6(main):Pete Oxford/Minden Pictures;back cover:Comstock/Stockbyte/Thinkstock;icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:John Mitchell/Science Source;pages 3,14,15:Pascal Goetgheluck/;page 5:Nick Gordon/;page 6(inset):Daniel Heuclin/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 7:James H.Robinson/Science Source;pages 8,12(top left):Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures;page 11:tbkmedia.de/Alamy;page 12(bottom right):Mark Moffett/Minden Pictures;page 13:Tom McHugh/Science Sourcearachnidsburrowsdigestiveirritationmoltnervous systemparalyzesregeneratesilkvenomvibrationsvulnerableWords to Knowwww.readinga-Written by Judy Braus What features allow the Goliath bird-eating spider to live in the rainforests of South America?Focus QuestionGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant ArachnidsGiants of the Animal World Level Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Judy BrausAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids 1516What Spiders Teach Us Goliaths have been around for millions of yearsand they havent changed much in all that time.Their sheer size has always fascinated people,from local folks to scientists to spider enthusiasts.Were continuing to learn about how these spiders regenerate limbs and how Goliath venom affects the nervous system of their prey.Although the thought of one of these spiders crawling up your arm might terrify you,Goliath spiders,like all living things,play an important role in the ecological landscape where they live.They not only help keep rodents,insects,and other species in check,but they also provide food for a number of predators.Learning about Goliath spiders and other living things in the rainforest helps us understand the relationships between species and the importance of protecting them and their environment.If youre ever in Goliath bird-eating spider territory,you might want to observe these giants from a distance.Theyre huge,hairy,and may be scary,but theyre definitely one of the most interesting giants in the animal kingdom.Glossaryarachnids(n.)members of a group of arthropods that have two body segments and eight legs;includes spiders and scorpions(p.4)burrows(n.)holes dug in the ground by an animal for use as a home(p.9)digestive(adj.)of or relating to the action of breaking down food for use by the body(p.11)irritation(n.)the state of being annoyed,angry,or impatient;the condition of having discomfort in a body part(p.11)molt(v.)to shed an outer covering such as skin,hair,feathers,or a shell before replacing it with a new layer(p.13)nervous the body system that gathers information from and responds to the senses,and affects thinking and behavior(p.10)paralyzes(v.)causes one or more parts of a body to become unable to move(p.4)regenerate(v.)to produce or create again(p.13)silk(n.)strong threads made by a spider or silkworm(p.5)venom(n.)a poisonous fluid that some animals use to kill prey and defend themselves,usually delivered by biting or stinging(p.4)vibrations(n.)trembling movements;small,rapid back-and-forth or side-to-side movements(p.7)vulnerable(adj.)able to be hurt easily(p.13)A female Goliath in Guyana,South America.system(n.)Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z1314Tarantulas molt when they outgrow their harder outer covering,or exoskeleton.They literally leave their old skin behind as a new exoskeleton hardens underneath.While they are molting,Goliath spiders are at their weakest and are most vulnerable to predators.Adult Goliaths molt once or twice a year,but spiderlings,or young spiders,molt more often since they grow quickly.Like many other types of spiders,Goliath tarantulas can regenerate lost or damaged appendages.This ability can come in handy if a predator grabs one of their legs during an attack.The leg breaks off,and the spider escapes with seven legs.The lost leg can regenerate during the next molt.Depending on when it happens,the“new”leg might be weaker than the others and may make the spider a little clumsier than it was in the past.Spiders can also regenerate claws,sensory organs,and spinnerets.A Honduran tarantula finishes its molt by pushing off the old skin.A Goliath tarantula molts in much the same way.Goliath spider young are actually blue and black.They change color as they grow and molt.Spider Life CycleFemale Goliath spiders have slightly shorter legs than males,but their bodies are larger.Females also live much longer.Some females have survived more than twenty-five years in captivity,but males live fewer than ten.For reasons that scientists are still trying to understand,females often kill males during the mating process.After mating,a female Goliath lays about fifty eggs in a silk egg sac and stores the sac in her burrow.While waiting for the eggs to hatch,she carries the sac with her when shes out searching for food.She guards the eggs until they hatch in about six to seven weeks.The spiderlings stay under her watchful eye for a few weeks,until after their first molt.Then theyre on their own.Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z34Table of ContentsA Heavy Giant!.4The Biggest Tarantula .5Life in the Hot,Humid Tropics .9A Powerful Predator .10Hawks,Owls,and Wasps,Oh My!.12Spider Life Cycle .14What Spiders Teach Us .15Glossary .16A Heavy Giant!If spiders give you the creeps,youll probably want to stay away from the Goliath bird-eating spider.Named by early explorers who reported seeing a Goliath spider eat a hummingbird,these fierce predators are among the largest spiders in the world.Their fangs,which measure 0.75 inches(2 cm)in length,deliver powerful venom that paralyzes their prey.Understandably,some people might be a little unnerved by such a giant spider,but Goliath spiders are actually far less dangerous to humans than they are to mice,other small mammals,or insects.Whether you think they are fascinating or completely horrifying,theres no denying that Goliath bird-eating spiders are huge and unusual arachnids.How Big Is It?How Big Is It?Human handlength:7.44 inches(18.89 cm)width:3.3 inches(8.4 cm)Goliath spiderdiameter:12 inches(30.48 cm)weight:6 ounces(0.17 kg)Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z34Table of ContentsA Heavy Giant!.4The Biggest Tarantula .5Life in the Hot,Humid Tropics .9A Powerful Predator .10Hawks,Owls,and Wasps,Oh My!.12Spider Life Cycle .14What Spiders Teach Us .15Glossary .16A Heavy Giant!If spiders give you the creeps,youll probably want to stay away from the Goliath bird-eating spider.Named by early explorers who reported seeing a Goliath spider eat a hummingbird,these fierce predators are among the largest spiders in the world.Their fangs,which measure 0.75 inches(2 cm)in length,deliver powerful venom that paralyzes their prey.Understandably,some people might be a little unnerved by such a giant spider,but Goliath spiders are actually far less dangerous to humans than they are to mice,other small mammals,or insects.Whether you think they are fascinating or completely horrifying,theres no denying that Goliath bird-eating spiders are huge and unusual arachnids.How Big Is It?How Big Is It?Human handlength:7.44 inches(18.89 cm)width:3.3 inches(8.4 cm)Goliath spiderdiameter:12 inches(30.48 cm)weight:6 ounces(0.17 kg)Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z1314Tarantulas molt when they outgrow their harder outer covering,or exoskeleton.They literally leave their old skin behind as a new exoskeleton hardens underneath.While they are molting,Goliath spiders are at their weakest and are most vulnerable to predators.Adult Goliaths molt once or twice a year,but spiderlings,or young spiders,molt more often since they grow quickly.Like many other types of spiders,Goliath tarantulas can regenerate lost or damaged appendages.This ability can come in handy if a predator grabs one of their legs during an attack.The leg breaks off,and the spider escapes with seven legs.The lost leg can regenerate during the next molt.Depending on when it happens,the“new”leg might be weaker than the others and may make the spider a little clumsier than it was in the past.Spiders can also regenerate claws,sensory organs,and spinnerets.A Honduran tarantula finishes its molt by pushing off the old skin.A Goliath tarantula molts in much the same way.Goliath spider young are actually blue and black.They change color as they grow and molt.Spider Life CycleFemale Goliath spiders have slightly shorter legs than males,but their bodies are larger.Females also live much longer.Some females have survived more than twenty-five years in captivity,but males live fewer than ten.For reasons that scientists are still trying to understand,females often kill males during the mating process.After mating,a female Goliath lays about fifty eggs in a silk egg sac and stores the sac in her burrow.While waiting for the eggs to hatch,she carries the sac with her when shes out searching for food.She guards the eggs until they hatch in about six to seven weeks.The spiderlings stay under her watchful eye for a few weeks,until after their first molt.Then theyre on their own.Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z1112The Goliath spider mouth is a short straw-shaped opening that can only suck,so all food must be in liquid form.Unable to eat solid food,spiders spray strong digestive juices from openings near their fangs on the tissue of a paralyzed animal theyve bitten.These digestive juices dissolve the preys body tissue.A large tarantula can turn a mouse into a small pile of hair and bones in about thirty-six hours by breaking down the mouse tissue and sucking up the liquid remains.In addition to attacking with venom-filled fangs,Goliath spiders also defend themselves by rearing up on their hind legs to look more threatening or making a loud hissing sound by rubbing the hairs on their legs togethera behavior known as stridulation.They can also shoot a cloud of stiff hairs at their attacker.These hairs have tiny hooks,or barbs,that can get into the eyes and throat of the predator,causing tremendous irritation.Scientists studying these spiders have often ended up with faces full of tiny hairs,stinging their eyes,skin,and throat.Hawks,Owls,and Wasps,Oh My!Although Goliath bird-eating tarantulas are among the largest arachnids in the world,they do have to worry about predators.Hawks,owls,skunks,and snakes sometimes prey on these spiders,but one of their deadliest predators is an insect known as a spider wasp or tarantula hawk.When a female wasp spies a tarantula,she stings it.The sting paralyzes the spider bu
