原版英语RAZ 教案(Z1) The Great Charter_DS.pdf
Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.WritingDo you think King John was a good ruler?Write a paragraph to support your position including citations from the text to support your claim.Social StudiesCompare and contrast the influence of the English royal family and the church in the creation of the Great Charter.ConnectionsThe Great CharterA Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:1,680 www.readinga-The Great CharterLEVELED BOOK Z1YZ1Z2Written by David Dreierwww.readinga-In what ways did the Great Charter become a powerful symbol of freedom?Focus QuestionWritten by David DreierThe Great CharterThe Great CharterLevel Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David DreierAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover(main):Andrew Matthews/EMPPL PA Wire/AP Images;front cover(background),pages 5(background),10,12(background),14(background),17:iStock/Peter Zelei;title page,page 12(main):Christies Images/Corbis;page 3:Matt Rourke/AP Images;pages 4,16:Lebrecht Music&Arts/Lebrecht Music&Arts/Corbis;pages 5(main),13:Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy;page 6:Leonard de Selva/Corbis;page 7:Leemage/Corbis;page 9:Classic Image/Alamy;page 11:Mary Evans Picture Library/Edwin Mullan Collection;page 14(main):Kumar Sriskandan/Alamy;page 18:Clare Kendall/British Library/REX/AP ImagesabideaffixedbaptismsbaronscharterfeudalhumbledimposedjustificationmercenarynullifiedoathpacifyingscutagesolemnWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA19Glossaryabide(v.)to accept or conform to an agreement or circumstance(p.15)affixed(v.)stuck or fastened something to something else(p.14)baptisms(n.)religious rituals in which people are doused with or submerged in water to become Christian(p.8)barons(n.)men holding low rank in European nobility(p.5)charter(n.)an official document defining the rights and responsibilities of a person or group(p.10)feudal(adj.)of or relating to a European system of government in the Middle Ages that was based on the rights and obligations between landowners and the people who worked the land(p.8)The Great Charter Level Z120humbled(v.)made lower in power or prestige;made to feel modest or less proud(p.8)imposed(v.)required by force or authority(p.4)justification(n.)a good reason for doing something(p.11)mercenary(n.)hired to fight(p.7)nullified(v.)made to have no effect,value,or legal power(p.15)oath(n.)a formal promise(p.14)pacifying(v.)soothing or calming anger or dissatisfaction(p.16)scutage(n.)a feudal tax that could be paid to excuse one from performing military service(p.12)solemn(adj.)serious or sad(p.15)www.readinga-In what ways did the Great Charter become a powerful symbol of freedom?Focus QuestionWritten by David DreierThe Great CharterThe Great CharterLevel Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David DreierAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover(main):Andrew Matthews/EMPPL PA Wire/AP Images;front cover(background),pages 5(background),10,12(background),14(background),17:iStock/Peter Zelei;title page,page 12(main):Christies Images/Corbis;page 3:Matt Rourke/AP Images;pages 4,16:Lebrecht Music&Arts/Lebrecht Music&Arts/Corbis;pages 5(main),13:Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy;page 6:Leonard de Selva/Corbis;page 7:Leemage/Corbis;page 9:Classic Image/Alamy;page 11:Mary Evans Picture Library/Edwin Mullan Collection;page 14(main):Kumar Sriskandan/Alamy;page 18:Clare Kendall/British Library/REX/AP ImagesabideaffixedbaptismsbaronscharterfeudalhumbledimposedjustificationmercenarynullifiedoathpacifyingscutagesolemnWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA19Glossaryabide(v.)to accept or conform to an agreement or circumstance(p.15)affixed(v.)stuck or fastened something to something else(p.14)baptisms(n.)religious rituals in which people are doused with or submerged in water to become Christian(p.8)barons(n.)men holding low rank in European nobility(p.5)charter(n.)an official document defining the rights and responsibilities of a person or group(p.10)feudal(adj.)of or relating to a European system of government in the Middle Ages that was based on the rights and obligations between landowners and the people who worked the land(p.8)The Great Charter Level Z120humbled(v.)made lower in power or prestige;made to feel modest or less proud(p.8)imposed(v.)required by force or authority(p.4)justification(n.)a good reason for doing something(p.11)mercenary(n.)hired to fight(p.7)nullified(v.)made to have no effect,value,or legal power(p.15)oath(n.)a formal promise(p.14)pacifying(v.)soothing or calming anger or dissatisfaction(p.16)scutage(n.)a feudal tax that could be paid to excuse one from performing military service(p.12)solemn(adj.)serious or sad(p.15)17April 1199John becomes king of England.July 1205Archbishop of Canterbury dies.March 1208Pope Innocent III lays England under an interdict.May 1213 King John bows to the pope and allows Stephen Langton to become archbishop of Canterbury.July 1213The barons meet as a group for the first time in St.Albans.November 1214The barons meet as a group for the second time in Bury St.Edmunds.January 1215Robert Fitzwalter and a few other barons meet with King John.May 1215The barons seize London.June 1215King John signs the Great Charter.August 1215Pope Innocent III nullifies the charter.July 1216Pope Innocent III dies.October 1216King John dies and his son,Henry,becomes king of England.September 1217William Marshal defeats the barons and ends the civil war.November 1217King Henry III reissues the charter.Events of the Great CharterThe Great Charter Level Z118The Great Charter became a powerful symbol of liberty and the principle that no one is above the law.It served as the basis for English Common Law,Englands legal system.According to the charter,people charged with a crime must be treated as innocent until proven guilty in a trial by jury.Many of the ideas presented in the charter deeply influenced political thinking in Europe.They also influenced the American colonies in the 1700s,when they broke away from British rule to create the United States.Many of those same ideas found new expression in the U.S.Constitution and the Bill of Rights.The four remaining copies of the Magna Carta were together in April 2015,for the first time,to celebrate the 800th anniversary of the charter.3Table of ContentsDetested King John .4The Barons Organize.9Runnymede and a Faithless King .13Aftermath .16Glossary.19 The Great Charter Level Z14Detested King JohnIn the late 1100s and early 1200s,England suffered under the rule of two self-centered kings.The trouble started during the time of King Richard I,known as Richard the Lionheart.During his ten-year reign,England was nearly bankrupted.The king taxed the English people heavily to pay for his participation in the Third Crusade.While Richard was away at war,his youngest brother,John,tried to take the throne and failed.On his way home from the unsuccessful crusade,Richard was captured and held prisoner in Austria.The people holding him prisoner demanded an enormous amount of money for his release.After gaining his freedom,Richard forgave his brother and imposed more taxes for a war in France to defend his holdings there.He died in France in 1199 from an arrow wound.Before dying,he named John as his successor to the throne.John was the youngest of four boys and not expected to become king of England.3Table of ContentsDetested King John .4The Barons Organize.9Runnymede and a Faithless King .13Aftermath .16Glossary.19 The Great Charter Level Z14Detested King JohnIn the late 1100s and early 1200s,England suffered under the rule of two self-centered kings.The trouble started during the time of King Richard I,known as Richard the Lionheart.During his ten-year reign,England was nearly bankrupted.The king taxed the English people heavily to pay for his participation in the Third Crusade.While Richard was away at war,his youngest brother,John,tried to take the throne and failed.On his way home from the unsuccessful crusade,Richard was captured and held prisoner in Austria.The people holding him prisoner demanded an enormous amount of money for his release.After gaining his freedom,Richard forgave his brother and imposed more taxes for a war in France to defend his holdings there.He died in France in 1199 from an arrow wound.Before dying,he named John as his successor to the throne.John was the youngest of four boys and not expected to become king of England.17April 1199John becomes king of England.July 1205Archbishop of Canterbury dies.March 1208Pope Innocent III lays England under an interdict.May 1213 King John bows to the pope and allows Stephen Langton to become archbishop of Canterbury.July 1213The barons meet as a group for the first time in St.Albans.November 1214The barons meet as a group for the second time in Bury St.Edmunds.January 1215Robert Fitzwalter and a few other barons meet with King John.May 1215The barons seize London.June 1215King John signs the Great Charter.August 1215Pope Innocent III nullifies the charter.July 1216Pope Innocent III dies.October 1216King John dies and his son,Henry,becomes king of England.September 1217William Marshal defeats the barons and ends the civil war.November 1217King Henry III reissues the charter.Events of the Great CharterThe Great Charter Level Z118The Great Charter became a powerful symbol of liberty and the principle that no one is above the law.It served as the basis for English Common Law,Englands legal system.According to the charter,people charged with a crime must be treated as innocent until proven guilty in a trial by jury.Many of the ideas presented in the charter deeply influenced political thinking in Europe.They also influenced the American colonies in the 1700s,when they broke away from British rule to create the United States.Many of those same ideas found new expression in the U.S.Constitution and the Bill of Rights.The four remaining copies of the Magna Carta were together in April 2015,for the first time,to celebrate the 800th anniversary of the charter.15In the days after the meeting,copies of the Great Charteralso written in Latinwere copied out by scribes and distributed.Few believed that the king would abide by his oath to uphold the charter.John could break a solemn oath without a second thought.The barons feared that John would disregard the charter as soon as he could do so safely.The king proved to be just as faithless as everyone suspected he would be.He wanted no part of the charter and called on his ally Pope Innocent for help.Innocent took Johns side,and in August 1215 the pope nullified the charter,freeing John from all its provisions.That was the final straw for the barons.Although some,including Marshal,remained loyal to the crown,a large group of them,led by Fitzwalter,launched a civil war.They invited Philips son,Prince Louis of France,to join the fight.They intended to put Louis on the English throne once they were victorious.Louis raised an army and invaded England.In 1216,there were completely unexpected developments.Pope Innocent died in July from a fever.In October,John also died,felled by the illness dysentery while confronting Louiss forces.The Great Charter Level Z116Johns nine-year-old son,Henry III,then became king.Marshal,now aged seventy,became regentadministrator of the governmentas Henry was still too young to manage affairs on his own.As regent,Marshal advised Henry to reissue the charter and prove to the barons that he was not like his father.AftermathMarshal once again proved his worth to the English throne.In 1217,he brought the rebel barons to heel and ejected Prince Louis from England.Henry reissued the Great Charter,pacifying the barons who had doubted that his reign would differ much from Johns.They trusted Marshals word that the king would abide by the charter.Henry turned eighteen in 1225.That year,he again reissued the Great Charter,thereby reinforcing his pledge to be a law-abiding ruler.Henry accepted that no one was above the lawnot even the king of England.The charter was reissued one more time,in 1297,during the reign of Henrys son,King Edward I.In many paintings Henry III looks just like his father,John I.5The Barons In medieval England,a baron was any noble who had received land from a superior in return for loyalty and military service.Higher-ranking barons received their land from the king,but they could in turn give parcels of their land to lesser barons.The last thing the people of England wanted when John became king was to be squeezed for more taxes.Unfortunately,that is exactly what happened.John turned out to be a terrible king in almost every way.He angered the barons,not only through heavy taxation but also by taking their property.To protect himself from rebellion,John took many prisoners from noble families,who had to pay to get their relatives released.However,John sometimes killed the prisoners even after being paid.In 1214,the barons swore an oath to achieve fair treatment from the king.The Great Charter Level Z16John added to his offenses in 1203 with a terrible family crime.He had a fifteen-year-old nephew in France named Arthur.His nephew was favored by King Philip II of France to be the ruler of England.John wanted to get rid of Arthur.His forces captured the lad,who then disappeared.John probably ordered Arthur to be murdered,and he may have killed the boy himself.King Philip II transformed France from a small feudal state into one of the most powerful countries in Europe.5The Barons In medieval England,a baron was any noble who had received land from a superior in return for loyalty and military service.Higher-ranking barons received their land from the king,but they could in turn give parcels of their land to lesser barons.The last thing the people of England wanted when John became king was to be squeezed for more taxes.Unfortunately,that is exactly what happened.John turned out to be a terrible king in almost every way.He angered the barons,not only through heavy taxation but also by taking their property.To protect himself from rebellion,John took many prisoners from noble families,who had to pay to get their relatives released.However,John sometimes killed the prisoners even after being paid.In 1214,the barons swore an oath to achieve fair treatment from the king.The Great Charter Level Z16John added to his offenses in 1203 with a terrible family crime.He had a fifteen-year-old nephew in France named Arthur.His nephew was favored by King Philip II of France to be the ruler of England.John wanted to get rid of Arthur.His forces captured the lad,who then disappeared.John probably ordered Arthur to be murdered,and he may have killed the boy himself.King Philip II transformed France from a small feudal state into one of the most powerful countries in Europe.15In the days after the meeting,copies of the Great Charteralso written in Latinwere copied out by scribes and distributed.Few believed that the king would abi
