考点10 祈使句与感叹句-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮(上海专用)(解析版)-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx
考点10祈使句与感叹句区命题趋势(一)祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。当主语 是第二人称,通常省略。(二)感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子,句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。方重点考向考向一、祈使句(一)祈使句的定义用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。当主语是第二人称, 通常省略。(二)祈使句的类型和结构类型Do型否定结构句首+don't Don ft forget me.肯定结构动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分 Keep ojf the grass.Be型 Be +表语(名词或形容词)+其它句首+don,t成分 Don ft be late for school. Be carefid.Let型 Let +宾语+动词原形+其 Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+其它成No型它成分 Let me help you.分Let +宾语+ not +动词原形+其它成分 Don rt let him go. Let him not go.No+名词/动名词 No smoking.(三)祈使句的重点句型1 .“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。2 .“祈使句+or+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or表示“否则;要不然”。Huriy up, and you 7/ catch the train. (=Ifyou hurry up, you 7/ catch the train.)Hurry up, or you 7/ miss the train. (=Ifyou don ft hurry up, you 7/ miss the train.)3 .含有祈使句的直接引语变成间接引语时,其常用结构为“ask/request/tell/orde sb(not)to do sth.”。如:“Speak loudly, please!the teacher said to me. (-The teacher asked me to speak loudly.)【详解】句意:跨过鸭绿江太精彩了!我想要再看一遍。考查感叹句。感叹句的结构为:What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语;What a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语;How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。中心词为形容词 wonderful,用how引导感叹句,故选D。24. A【详解】句意:玩家们兴奋地谈论着新的哈利波特主题手机游戏是多么神奇。考查宾语从句。句子是含有宾语从句的复合句,根据“amazing the new Harry Potter-themed mobile phone game is.”可知,从句属于感叹句句型“How+形容词+主谓”, 因此用how引导从句。故选A。25. A【详解】句意:和我的小组成员一起做项目是多么有趣啊!考查感叹句。what引导感叹句,感叹的中心落在名词上,句式有:What+a/an+形容词+ 主语+谓语! What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语 +谓语! how引导感叹句,感叹的中心落在形容词或副词上或整个句子上,句式有:How+ 形容词或副词+主语+谓语!分析句子可知,本句感叹的中心落在名词上,且fun“乐趣” 是不可数名词,所以,用what引导,句式为What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!故 选Ao26. B【详解】句意:你错过了这么好的电影,真可惜!考查感叹句。此处为感叹句,结构为what+a/an+adj.+名词单数+主语+谓语!此处pity 表示“遗憾的事”,使用单数形式,pity前需要加不定冠词a,此处形容词可以省略。故 选B。27. A【详解】句意:乘船旅行,你会被漓江的美景所吸引。考查连词。and和;or或者;so因此;but但是。根据题意可知,本题考查结构“祈使句 +and+陈述句”,故选Ao28. A【详解】句意:检查你所写的,否则你可能会在你的申请表上犯一些错误。考查连词辨析。or否则;and和;but但是;so因此。该句符合“祈使句+oi7and+陈述句” 的结构,根据句意可知,空前的祈使句表示条件,空后的陈述句表示“相反的结果”, 所以应用or来连接。故选A。29. A【详解】句意:露西,请把你的字典递给我。我想查这个生词。考查祈使句的用法。pass递,动词原形;passed过去式;passing现在分词;to pass不定 式。这里的Lucy表示称谓,由please可知,该句应是表示请求或命令的祈使句,用动 词原形。故选A。30. A【详解】句意:现在吃药,否则烧不退。考查连词。or或者,否则;and和;but但是;so因此。观察句子结构可知,本题考查“祈 使句+。计陈述句,结构,句中的or表示“否则”的意思。故选A。存真题过关1. (2021 山东济南中考真题)一 swim in this river. It's quite deep.一Thanks for telling me.A. NoB. NotC.Don'tD.Doesn't2. (2022上海中考真题)exciting singing contest they had yesterday!A. WhatB. HowC.What anD.How an3. (2022,云南昆明中考真题)一Shenzhou XIV carried three Chinese astronauts into space successfully.一Wow,exciting news! We are so proud.A. whatB. what aC. what anD. how4. (2022西藏中考真题)Don't any noise when you are in the library.A. makesB. makeC. makingD. made5. (2022上海中考真题)Have a balanced diet and exercise regularly you will stayhealthy.A. andB. orC. butD. for6. (2018上海中考真题)The self-diving plane proves to be useful in many ways.smartinvention it is!A. WhatB . What aC. What anD. How7. (2015上海中考真题)important it is for kids to imagine freely !A. whatB what aC what anD. how8. (2012.上海中考真题)wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!9. (2015上海中考真题)Pleaseyour exam papers once again before handing themin.A. going overB. went overC. go overD. to go over10. (2020上海中考真题)一Tom, here to carry the luggage upstairs for me, w川 you? 一All right. A. comeB. cameC. comingD. to come11. .(2019上海中考真题)beautifully little Simon dances in front of the camera!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a12. (2021 上海中考真题)amazing the film Hi, Mom is! Mother's love always touches my heart. A. How anB. HowC. What anD. What13. (2022江苏宿迁中考真题)clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project.A. WhatB. How aC. HowD. What a14. (2022-四川达州中考真题)一Gu Ailingher dream and won two gold medalsin Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.-excellent girl!A. achieved; How B. came true; How C. achieved; What an D. came true; What an15. (2022江苏南京中考真题)一Finish your homework,you can't play computer games, Jim.一All right, Mum.A. butB. tillC. andD. or16. (2015上海中考真题)Leave the reference books behind,you won't be able to think independently.A. orB. andC. soD. but17. (2011 上海中考真题)Take the exam carefully,you won't get full marks.A. butB. andC. orD. so18. (2014上海中考真题)carefully, Michael! There's a school ahead.19. (2016上海中考真题) wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an20. (2014上海中考真题)The robot can help me sweep the floor. smart invention it is!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How参考答案:1. c【详解】句意: 不要在这条河里游泳。河很深。感谢告诉我。考查祈使句。祈使句的否定形式可以用No+doing/n.或Don+do构成,根据“swim in the river.”可知,本题应用Don't。故选C。2. C【详解】句意:他们昨天举行了多么令人兴奋的歌唱比赛啊!考查感叹句。本句中心词为contest,是可数名词单数,符合结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名 词单数+主谓!:故选C。3. A【详解】句意:神舟十四号成功地将三名中国宇航员送入太空。哇,多么令人兴奋 的消息!我们非常自豪。考查感叹句。感叹句中心词是不可数名词news,符合“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓”的结构, 故选Ao4. B【详解】句意:当你在图书馆时不要制造任何噪音。考查祈使句。此处是祈使句,使用动词原形,故选B。5. A【详解】句意:保持均衡的饮食和有规律的运动,你就会保持健康。考查连词。and表并列或递进,和;or否则,或者;but但是;for因为。根据句型“祈使句 +and/or+陈述句”可知,此处用and表递进关系。故选A。6. B【详解】句意:自潜水飞机在很多方面都有用途。多么聪明的发明啊!感叹句一般有两种结 构:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!名词是复数或不可数名词,不加a/an。How+ 形容词+主语+谓语!本句的中心词invention为可数名词单数形式,应该用what来引导,smart 以辅音音素开头,前面应该用不定冠词a,故答案为B。点睛:判断感叹句是由what还是how引导的方法:首先,断句。从句子后面向前看,找到 “主语+谓语+其他”部分,把句子断开;其次,观察。观察句子前面剩余部分为名词(词组), 还是形容词或副词;再次,加词。若是名词(词组),那么本句由what (a/an)引导;若是 形容词或副词,那么本句就由how引导。7. D【详解】句意:对于孩子们自由的想象是多么的重要呀!感叹句一般有两种结构:what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!名词是复数或不可数名词,不加a/an.how+形容词+主语+ 谓语!根据该句是对形容词进行感叹,故选D。8. C【详解】句意:他们在城市广场上演的音乐会真精彩! wonderful是一个形容词,用what , 用a不是an,答案选C。9. C【详解】句意:请在上交考试卷之前,再次检查你的试卷。祈使句一般以动词原形开头,如 果你的语气比较客气,或者出于礼貌,可以在动词原形前面加please。goover,检查。结合句 意,可知是比较有礼貌的提醒,故选C。10. A【详解】句意:汤姆,过来帮我把行李搬到楼上,好吗? 好的。考查祈使句。come原形;came过去式;coming动名词;to come动词不定式;根据句子结 构,可知省略了主语,是祈使句,用动词原形;故选A。11. C【详解】句意:小西蒙在镜头前跳舞跳的多美啊!这里是感叹句,beautifully是副词,感叹副词用how来感叹,其结构是How+形容词或副词 +主语+谓语。根据题意,故选C。【点睛】由“how”引导的感叹句:“how“意为“多么”,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部 分),如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用 行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:How+adj. (adv.) + 主语+谓语+(it is)!如:How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀! How nice the pictures are!多么漂亮的图画呀! How h叩py they look!他们显得多么高兴呀! How well she sings!她唱得多好呀! How hard they are working now!12. B【详解】句意:你好,李焕英这部电影真棒!母亲的爱总是触动我的心。考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词为形容词“amazing”,此处为how引导的感叹句,结构为: “How+M:+主谓故选 B。13. D【详解】句意:基蒂是一个多么聪明的女孩啊!她可以想出一些有创意的方法来完成这个项 目。考查感叹句。句子是感叹句,中心词是单数可数名词girl,符合结构“What+a/an+adj+单数名 词+主谓!”。故选D。14. C【详解】句意:谷爱凌实现了她的梦想,在2022年冬奥会上赢得了两枚金牌。多 么棒的女孩!考查动词和感叹句。achieved实现,主语是人;came true成真,主语是物(梦想)。“what” 引导感叹句结构是“what+a/an形容词+名词+主语+谓语动词”。“how”引导感叹句结构是 “how +形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词”。根据"Gu Ailing”可知主语是人,第一空表达实现梦想, 用动词“achieved"。根据"girl”可知是可数名词,“excellent”是元音音素开始的单词,用“what an”引导感叹句。故选C。15. D【详解】句意: 完成你的作业,否则你不能玩电脑游戏,吉姆。好的,妈妈。考查连词辨析。but但是;till仍然;and和;or否则。设空所在句是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句” 的句型,不完成作业就不能玩游戏,。“否则”表示否定的条件,符合语境。故选D。16. A【详解】句意:把参考书放到一边,否则你将不能独立思考。A.or否则,或者;B.and并 且;并列连词;C.so所以,结果状语从句;D.but但是,转折状语从句。“祈使句+。+陈述 句”,表示“,否则,.根据句式及句意,故选A。17. C【详解】句意:仔细考试,否则你得不到满分。考查并列连词的用法。句型“祈使句,+0什一般将来时的陈述句”,祈使句和陈述句表示在 以祈使句为条件下的相反假设关系;句型“祈使句,+and+一般将来时的陈述句”祈使句和陈 述句表示在以祈使句为条件下的顺承假设关系;本句是相反的结果,故选B。18. A【详解】句意:小心开,米歇尔!前面有所学校。英语祈使句中谓语动词一般用原形,故选Ao19. C【详解】句意:艾玛在联合国会议的演讲多么精彩啊!考查感叹句。A.How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语+其它;B.What+形容词+不可数名词/复数 名词+主语+谓语+其它;CWhat+a+形容词(辅音音素开头)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其 它;D. What+an+形容词(元音音素开头)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其它。句中wonderful 为形容词,并且首音素/w/为辅音音素,speech为可数名词,故前面应用不定冠词a,主语为 Emma,谓语为gave, at the UN conference状语,所以应用What+a+形容词+可数名词单数+ 主语+谓语+其它,答选C。【点睛】英语感叹句:感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子。一般用what和how开 头。1. what引导的感叹句:What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语+其它;What+a+ 形容词(辅音音素开头)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其它;What+an+形容词(元音音素开 头)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其它。例如:What a lovely boy he is! 2. how引导的感叹句: How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语+其它。例如:How tall the boy is!本题考查what引导的感 叹句。20. B【详解】感叹句主要有what和how构成:1、what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:1. What+a(an)+ (形容词)+单数可数名 词+主语+谓语!或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语! 2.What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或 不可数名词+主语+谓语!2、How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副 词)+主语+谓语!根据 smart invention it is 可知选 B0“Don't smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom. (-He told Tom not to smoke in themeeting room.)1. (2021 上海奉贤一模)Jerry,to form a mind picture if you want to remember the long word.A. triesB. tryingC. tryD. to try1. C【详解】句意:杰瑞,如果你想记住长单词,试着形成一幅思维图。考查祈使句。tries动词三单;trying动名词/现在分词;try动词原形;to try动词不定式。 分析句子可知,此处是表示肯定的祈使句,所以用动词原形即可,故选C。考向二、感叹句(一)感叹句的定义感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子,句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。(二)感叹句的常见类型类型结构例句What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主 What a clever girl she is!语+谓语whathow What an interesting book it is!What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓 what beautiful flowers!语 What good children theyare!What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语 What fine weather it istoday! What important news it How careful she is! How fast he runs! How beautiful a girl she is! How time flies!is!How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语How +主语+谓语(三)陈述句转感叹句:“一断二加三换位” This is a beautiful flower- This flower is beautiful.“一断”:在谓语动词后将此句划断。 This is I a beautiful flower. This flower is I beautiful.“二加Z在第二部分前加“What或How”;中心词为名词时加“What",是形容词、副词 加“How”。 What a beautiful flower. How beautiful.“三换位”:将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。 What a beautiful flower this is! How beautiful this flower is!请将以下陈述句变成感叹句。 Its an interesting film. It's wonderful weather. He did the work carefully.(4) Time passed quickly.再例引4s4 一 一1. (2022上海模拟预测)一Look! The plants are green and the flowers are opening.一Yes, ifs spring now.nice season!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How 1. B【详解】句意:看!植物是绿色的,花朵正在开放。是的,现在是春天。多好 的一个季节啊!考查感叹句。根据“nice season!”可知,此处是感叹句,中心词season是可数名词单数形 式,所以用what引导感叹句,其结构是“What+a/an+形容词+名词单数' nice首字母发 音是辅音音素,用不定冠词a。故选B。跟号训练1. (2021 上海金山年级期末)Download this app,you will find it easy to learn cooking.2. (2022上海模拟预测)Don't be afraid to make mistakes,you'll never really learn the language.A. andB. orC. soD. but3. (2022上海奉贤二模)terrible it is that the price of oil has risen to over $100!A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a4. (2022上海崇明模拟预测)amazing trip it was! I even swam with dolphins last summer.A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an5. (2022上海奉贤一模)bad weather! The strongest tornado (龙卷风)in history hit six states in America last month.A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a6. (2022上海嘉定模) exciting news you've told us! A new underground line will be built next year.A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How7. (2022上海模拟预测)relaxing it is for me to watch cartoons! They are usually funny and dramatic.A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a8. (2022上海崇明一模)excellent performance the Chinese diver gave in the 2020 Olympic Games!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How9. (2021 上海浦东新二模)Get enough sleep,you will always be full of energy in class.A. butB. forC. orD. and10. (2021 上海模拟预测)“Jason,afraid of speaking in public. Just believe in yourself.said Mum.A. not beB. not to beC. be notD. don't be11. (2021 上海浦东新七年级期末)afraid. I won't let these dogs bite you!A. NotB. Don'tC. Not beD. Don't be12. (2021上海模拟预测)Close your eyes and you are sitting on a cloud. How doyou feel?A. imagineB. imaginingC. imaginedD. to imagine13. (2022上海虹口二模)Oh, my god!awful mess in the kitchen the childrenhave made!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How14. (2022上海闵行二模)excellent performance the artists gave at the CCTV Gala on New Year's Eve!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an15. (2022上海黄7甫二模) good time we had playing volleyball on the beach!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a参考答案: 1. c【详解】句意:下载这个应用程序,你会发现学习烹饪很容易。考查连词词义辨析。or或者;s。所以;and并且;but但是。本句是并列句,用于“祈使 句+and/or”结构,相当于“If you,yoiflL.”, or否则,不符合语境。故选C。2. B【详解】句意:不要害怕犯错误,否则你永远不会真正学会这门语言。考查连词辨析。and并且;or否则;so所以;but但是,根据句型“祈使句,and/or+一般 将来时的句子”可知,排除C和D,由祈使句和后面的句子是转折关系,所以用or,排 除A,故选B。3. C【详解】句意:油价涨到了 100美元以上,这多么可怕啊!考查感叹句。感叹句构成:1、What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 2、What+ 形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! 3、How+形容词+主语+谓语!分析句子结构可知,句 子的中心词“terrible”是形容词,所以用how修饰,故选C。4. D【详解】句意:这是一次多么奇妙的旅行!去年夏天我甚至和海豚一起游泳。 考查感叹句。此句的中心词为trip,是可数名词,符合结构:What a/an+形容词+可数名 词单数+主谓。amazing是以元音音素开头,应用an。故选D。5. B【详解】句意:多么糟糕的天气!上个月,历史上最强的龙卷风袭击了美国六个州。 考查感叹句。英语感叹句由how和what引导,有四种结构:(l)How+形容词(+主语+谓语)! (2)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! (3) What+形容词+可数 名词复数(+主语+谓语)!(4) What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!由句中 “weather”是不可数名词,可知使用“What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! ”结构,故选Bo6. A【详解】句意:你告诉我们的消息真令人兴奋!明年将修建一条新的地铁线。考查感叹句。what引导感叹句后接名词或名词性短语;how引导感叹句后接形容词或副 词。空后“news”表示“新闻”,是不可数名词,可知用“What +形容词+不可数名词+主谓” 结构。故选A。7. B【详解】句意:看卡通片对我来说是多么放松啊!它们通常是有趣的和戏剧性的。考查感叹句。what引导感叹句后接名词或名词性短语;how引导感叹句后接形容词或副 词。空后relaxing“令人放松的”是形容词,可知用“How +形容词+主谓”结构,故选B。8. C【详解】句意:中国跳水运动员在2020年奥运会上的表现太精彩了!考查感叹句。根据”!”可知,此句为感叹句,又根据中心词“excellent performance”以及 “performance”在此句中为可数名词可知,此感叹句由what引导,即What+a/an+形容词+ 名词+主谓! "excellent”以元音音素开头,应该用不定冠词an修饰。故选C。9. D【详解】句意:有足够的睡眠,你将永远充满精力在课堂上。考查连词辨析。but但是;for因为;or否则;and和。此句是“祈使句+or/and+陈述句” 结构,前后两句是并列关系,用and连接,故选D。10. D【详解】句意:妈妈说:“杰森,不要害怕在公共场合讲话,相信你自己”。考查祈使句的否定形式。根据句中标点符号“,”以及形容词afraid可知,此处是be型祈 使句,即:be+表语+其他,否定形式为don't be+表语+其他,所以此处使用dorft be。故选D。11. D【详解】句意:不要害怕。我不会让这些狗咬你的!考查祈使句。be afraid担心,害怕;此处是祈使句的否定形式,don*+动词原形,故选 Do12. A【详解】句意:闭上眼睛想象你正坐在云里。你感觉怎样?考查祈使句。imagine动词原形;imagining动名词;imagined动词的过去式;to imagine 动词不定式。根据“Close your eyes and”可知是祈使句,此处用动词原形imagine与close形成并列。故选A。 13. C【详解】句意:哦,我的天那!孩子们把厨房弄得一团糟!考查感叹句。make a mess搞得一团糟;弄脏乱。根据标点符号可知此句是感叹句,感叹 句句型:What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主谓! How +形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词 +主谓!又因修饰mess的awful是元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。故选C。14. D【详解】句意:除夕夜,艺术家们在央视春晚上的表演多么精彩啊!考查感叹句。中心词performance是可数名词的单数形式,且excellent是以元音音素开 头的,故用What引导的感叹句结构:What+an +形容词+可数名词单数形式+主谓, 故选D。15. D【详解】句意:我们在沙滩上打排球玩得多开心啊!考查感叹句。感叹句一般以how或what开头,how作状语,修饰形容词或副词;what 作定语,修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。根据.good time we had playing volleyball on the beach!”可知,本句的中心词是“time",是名词,需用what来引导。根 据“good time”可知,“good”修饰“time”,其前需用不定冠词“屋修饰,译为一段愉快的时 光。故选D。在模型检测16. (2022上海徐汇模拟预测)Space is beautiful and full of mystery. I can't tell you amazing it is.A. howB. whatC. what aD. what an17. (2022上海青浦二模)wonderful magic world the film Fantastic Beasts has presented to us!A. HowB. WhatC. What anD. What a18. (2022上海模拟预测)Go on a diet,you will not lose your weight.A. andB. soC. butD. or19. (2022上海长宁二模)proud Adam felt when he was elected captain of his basketball team just now!20. (2022上海金山二模) enjoyable it is to have a picnic in the Riverside Green Space at weekends!A. WhatB. What anC. How anD. How21. (2022上海黄浦二模)great fun it is to go skating in such a chilly weather!A. WhatB. What aC. How aD. How22. (2022上海模拟预测)useful suggestion the teacher gave me on how to solve this problem!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an23. (2022上海模拟预测)wonderful Ooss为6Rive广(跨过鸭绿江)is!rd like to see it again.A. WhatB. What aC. How aD. How24. (2022上海模拟预测)Players excitedly talk about amazing the new HarryPotter-themed mobile phone game is.A.howB.whatC.what aD.what an25. (2022上海静安一模)great fun it is to do a projec