2023届福建省厦门第一中学高三下学期五模英语试题（含答案解析）.docx

2023届福建省厦门第一中学高三下学期五模英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解Below is today's schedule for Pacific Science Center's programming. Daytime laser （激 光）and planetarium （天文馆）shows are included in general admission tickets, but timed tickets are needed to enter the show. Please note: Planetarium shows have a limited number of tickets and sell out quickly. IMAX documentary and feature movies are not included and must be purchased separately.TIMINGLive Science Shows: 15 minutes IMAX Documentary Movies: 45 minutesDaytime Laser Shows: 30 minutes Planetarium Shows: 40 minutesSCHEDULEShowTimePlaceTicketDinosaurs of Antarctica1:00 pmPACCARTheaterIMAX Tickets RequiredPreschool All Stars10:30 amBuilding 2,PlanetariumIncluded in General AdmissionTimed Tickets RequiredLive Science Show1:30 pmBuilding 1, LiveScience StageIncluded in General AdmissionLaser Jukebox11:45amLaser DomeIncluded in General AdmissionTimed Tickets RequiredGENERAL VISITOR POLICIES O Pacific Science Center is a tobacco- and e-cigarette-free zone, including all outdoor spaces.OWhile pets are not permitted inside Pacific Science Center, service animals are welcome.Olf you want to listen to music during your visit, we kindly ask that you use headphones.O Pacific Science Center reserves the right to refuse entry for ticket holders more than15 minutes late for their exhibition entry time without refunds （退款）.Rather, it was the view of a long way to fall, of rocks far below me and no firm wall between me and the edge. My sense of security was screamingly absent.I could rely only on my own sure-footedness.Despite my fear, two summers ago I somehow found myself climbing to a high place, while quaking inside and out. Most of our high school had come along on a day trip to the Boqueron, a beautiful and pleasant spot in the foothills of Peru. Its chief attraction is the main waterfall, about 100 feet high, that thunders into a crystal clear pool feeding the Aguaytia River. All around the pool and on down to the rushing river are rocks large and small. The beach is strewn （布）曲）with rocks. On both sides of the fall, the jungle stretches to meet it, rising parallel to it on a gentler slope.After eating our lunches, many of us wanted to make the climb to an area above it. We knew others had done so on previous trips. A few guys went first to make sure they were on the right path. But after they left, my group of seven decided to go ahead without waiting for them to return. I suspected we were going the wrong way, but I kept silent, figuring that the others knew better. We went along the base of the hill until we reached the climb. It stopped me in my tracks.The climb rose steeply above us. Along the right edge, the jungle hugged the rocks; passage through its trees seemed unlikely to be achieved. The majority of my view was filled with rocks. Peering back down toward the river, I saw a steep slope of rocks all the way to the water. All I could think about was how far it would be to fall.注意：L续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。My tense thoughts were interrupted by the realization that my friends were already beginning to climb!My friends kept right on climbing but they did not forget me.参考答案:1. c2. C3. B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要从节目时长、节目表和游客须知等方面介绍了太平洋 科学中心现场节目的相关情况。1 .细节理解题。根据SCHEDULE部分中的“。山而（南极洲的恐龙厂对应的 地点可知，在PACCAR剧院，游客可以以解关于一种史前动物（恐龙）的知识。故选C。2 .细节理解题。根据TIMING部分中的“Live Science Shows: 15 minutes （现场科学表演:15 分钟厂和SCHEDULE部分中Live Science Show的相关信息可知，该表演开始的时间为下午 1:30,时长为15分钟，所以现场科学表演在下午1点45分结束。故选C。3 .细节理解题。根据 GENERAL VISITOR POLICIES 部分中的“While pets are not permitted inside Pacific Science Center, service animals are welcome （虽然不允许宠物进入太平洋科学中 心，但欢迎服务性动物进入。厂可知，带一只服务犬是被允许的。故选B。4 . D 5. B 6. C 7. D【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述宋静在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复处工作和努力 成为古籍修复师的故事。5 .细节理解题。根据第一段"Before starting a restoration project, Song and her colleagues have to evaluate the subject to consider what problems can be solved through restoration and those that cannot.（在开始修复项目之前，宋静和她的同事必须对受试者进行评估，以考虑哪些问题可 以通过修复解决，哪些问题不能通过修复解决。户可知，错误的评估可能会破坏修复工作。 故选Do6 .推理判断题。根据第一段“Fearing the chemicals in commercially produced pastes （胶水） might harm the books, they have to make the glues they need by themselves, starting from removing starch（淀粉）from flour.（由于担心商业生产的糊状物中的化学物质可能会危害书籍, 他们不得不自己制作所需的胶水，从去除面粉中的淀粉开始。厂和第二段“The restoration also requires high levels of control in brushing the paper. If the pressure is not properly controlled during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won't stick,“ Song explains.（“修复还需要对刷纸进行高度控制。如果在刷纸过程中压力控制不当，纸可能 会撕裂，但如果触摸太轻，纸就粘不住，"Song解释道。户可知，古籍修复工作复杂且具有 挑战性。故选B。7 .推理判断题。根据第六段“As Song looked into undergraduate curricula （本科课程） arrangement for that particular field of study, she found it was mostly related to chemistry. Therefore, she chose to start a chemistry degree at Fudan University in Shanghai in 2008.（当宋研 究该特定研究领域的本科生课程安排时，她发现这主要与化学有关。因此，她选择于2008 年在上海复旦大学攻读化学学位。户和第七段”（她说：“我开始了解化学的某些方面是如何在 修复文物方面发挥重要作用的。可知，宋静去上海复旦大学攻读化学学位是因为她发现 研究该特定研究领域的本科生课程安排时，她发现这主要与化学有关，所以她去学习化学是 为自己梦想中的职业做好更好的准备。故选C。8 .推理判断题。根据第三段“Song was determined to join the field from an early age. As a child, she was attracted by documentaries about the world's cultural relics （遗物）and became deeply interested in the art of artifact restoration.（宋从小就决心力U入这个领域。小时候，她被关于世 界文物的纪录片所吸引，并对文物修复艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣。）,第四段“In senior middle school, those earlier experiences helped her to set her sights on becoming a master restorer of ancient books.（在高中时，这些早期的经历帮助她立志成为一名古籍修复大师。广，第六段“As Song looked into undergraduate curricula （本科课程）arrangement for that particular field of study, she found it was mostly related to chemistry. Therefore, she chose to start a chemistry degree at Fudan University in Shanghai in 2008.（当宋研究该特定研究领域的本科生课程安排时，她发 现这主要与化学有关。因此，她选择于2008年在上海复旦大学攻读化学学位。户和最后一 段“After graduating from Fudan, she was accepted as a master's candidate to the cultural heritage preservation program at Peking University. From then on, she has been on a mission to make her dreams a reality.（从复旦大学毕业后，她被北京大学文化遗产保护项目的硕士研究生录取。 从那时起，她就肩负着实现梦想的使命。广可知，宋静的故事告诉我们，只要付出和努力就 会有回报。故选D。9 . D 9, B 10. C 11. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述历史上美索不达米亚人的科技成就及其影响来启 示当今的科技发展及影响。8 .主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的"Ancient Mesopotamia was home to many of civilization's early developments. Its people were world leaders in adapting to technological and culturalchanges. They invented the wheel and agriculture, and pioneered advances in mathematics and urbanization. These breakthroughs are reflected in cuneiform（楔形文字）literature, one of the oldest known forms of writing.（古代美索不达米亚是许多早期文明发展的发源地。它的人民 在适应技术和文化变化方面处于世界领先地位。他们发明了车轮和农业，开创了数学和城市 化的先河。这些突破反映在楔形文字文学中，这是已知最古老的书写形式之一。）”，可知， 关于美索不达米亚人，第二段主要讨论了“他们的文明成就:故选D。9 .推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“They often represent new technologies being controlled in the service of human conflict and mostly serving the interests of those with high social positions.（它们通常代表着为人类冲突服务而被控制的新技术，主要为那些社会地位高的人的利益服 务。）“，可知，从第3段可以推断出技术进步的“它们带来了隐患。"。故选B。10 .细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“In broader fields, the boundaries of how AI may be used haven't been clearly explained.（在更广泛的领域，人工智能如何使用的界限还没有得到明确 的解释。）"，可知，根据第4段，AI的现状是“它的应用范围是不明确的。”故选C。11 .主旨大意题。通过对文章结构和内容的分析，再根据最后一段“Humans have been struggling to invent, use and adapt to technology since our earliest civilizations. But the technology and resulting knowledge are not always evenly distributed. Knowing how we adapted to changing technology in the past helps us more fully understand the human condition and may even help us prepare for the future.（自最早的文明以来，人类一直在努力发明、使用和适应技 术。但是技术和由此产生的知识并不总是均匀分布的。了解我们如何适应过去不断变化的技 术有助于我们更全面地了解人类的状况，甚至可能帮助我们为未来做好准备。）”，可知本文 主要通过讲述历史上美索不达米亚人的科技成就及其影响来启示今天的科技发展及影响。所 以短文的标题为“关于新技术的影响，历史能告诉我们什么:故选D。12 . D 13. B 14. C 15. C【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过 正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子。 文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义：对于那些希望自己更善于交际、更有条理或更 随遇而安的人来说，我们大脑意想不到的可塑性应该是个好消息。另一个潜在的好处是，意 识到这项研究可以帮助改善心理健康。12. 推理判断题。根据第二段"Many surveys show that at least two-thirds of people would like tochange some elements of their personality. In the past, such desires appeared to be unachievable. Like the proverbial leopard that could never change its spots, our virtues and flaws were believed to be woven into the fabric of our minds.（许多调查显示，至少三分之二的人想要改变他们性格 中的某些元素。在过去，这样的愿望似乎是无法实现的。就像谚语所说的“江山易改本性难 移”一样，我们的优点和缺点被认为是编织在我们的思想结构中）“可推知，在第二段提到了 "豹''是为了证明先前的观点，即人格是固定的。故选D。13. 推理判断题。根据第五段“The interventions in their studies typically involve arranging regular activities that reflect the personalities people wish to adopt. A quiet person who wished to be more outgoing, for example, might have the goal of introducing themselves to a stranger once a week, or making small talk with the cashier at their local supermarket.（在他彳门的研究中，干预通 常包括安排反映人们希望采用的个性的定期活动。例如，一个安静的人希望变得更外向，他 的目标可能是每周向陌生人介绍自己一次，或者在当地超市与收银员闲聊一次广可推知，活 动是为特定的个性量身定制的。故选B。14. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the first trial, provided participants actually completed those arranged tasks, their personalities shifted in the desired direction. Similarly exciting results could be seen in a later trial. The differences of participants9 personalities before and after the intervention were still apparent three months after the experiment had ended. As Aristotle argued more than 2,300 years ago, we become what we repeatedly do.（在第次试验中，如果参与者确 实完成了这些安排好的任务，他们的性格就会朝着预期的方向转变。在随后的试验中也可以 看到同样令人兴奋的结果。实验结束三个月后，参与者在干预前后的性格差异仍然很明显。 正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么广可知， 内森哈德森的团队通过他们的研究表明了改变我们个性的某些元素的愿望是可以实现的。故选Co15. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Recent scientific research, however, proves this expectation of personality's permanence wrong. With the right psychological strategies and enough effort, many people can successfully shape their core personalities into what they desire.（然而， 最近的科学研 究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可 以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子）''可知，文章主要介绍了最近的科学研究 证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以 成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子，C选项“你的性格不是一成不变的”最符合 答案第4页，共11页文章标题。故选c。16. F 17. G 18. E 19. B 20. A【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了“有毒的积极性”的不良影响和应对措施。16.根据上文“How can positivity be toxic? Isn't it supposed to be helpful, or "positive”, as the name suggests?（积极怎么会是有毒的呢？它不应该是有益的，或者像它的名字所暗示的那样 是“积极的”吗？户可知，选项承接上文说明专家对此的观点。故F选项“Experts say constant forced positivity can lead to the opposite, and have a negative effect.（专家表示，持续的强迫积极 可能会导致相反的结果，并产生负面影响。户切题。故选F。17. 根据上文“Whitney Goodman, another licensed psychotherapist, describes toxic positivity as the “endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are."（另位有 执照的心理治疗师Whitney Goodman将有毒的积极描述为“无论环境如何，都要保持快乐和 积极的无尽压力。”户可知，选项承接上文进一步总结所带来的后果。故G选项“This is what we may bring on to ourselves by not allowing negative thoughts and feelings.（这就是我们不允许 消极的想法和感觉给自己带来的后果。广切题。故选G。18. 根据上文“Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse.（有毒的积极情绪会使我们压抑情绪，从而使情绪变得更糟。广可知，选项承接上文说 明有毒的积极情绪的不良影响。故E选项“They become more intense and can also cause long-lasting health concerns in the futur已（它们变得更加强烈，也可能在未来造成长期的健康问 题。广切题。故选E。19. 根据下文“"If I feel like you're going to set me aside, Tm going to stop sharing how I'm feeling；9 Goodman adds.（Goodman补充说：“如果我觉得你要把我放在一边，我就不会再分享 我的感受了。”户可知，有毒的积极情绪会破坏人际关系，故B选项叮oxic positivity also 加errupts connection.（有毒的积极态度也会中断人际关系。）”切题。故选B。20. 根据下文“If you're using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it's OK if you're upset about something. It's valid if something annoys you. "Allow ourselves and other people to share when they're going through a difficult time J she says. Dowd adds that it's essential that "we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel” as life's stressors continue to rise.（Goodman 建议，如果你正在用有害的 积极态度来对付自己，记住，如果你对某事感到不安，那也没关系。如果有什么事惹恼了你， 答案第5页，共11页这是合理的。她说：“让我们自己和其他人在经历困难的时候分享。”Dowd补充说，随着生 活压力的不断增加，“我们都学会以一种健康的方式处理我们的情绪，而不是逃避我们的感 受“，这是至关重要的。）”可知，下文是对上文有没有办法避免有毒的积极性的问题的回答。 故A选项“Are there ways to avoid toxic positivity?（有没有办法避免有毒的积极情绪？）”切题。 故选Ao21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。新年前夜，Sara的父亲突然去世，她沉浸在悲伤之中，不舍得 撤去父亲亲手悬挂的新年灯饰。尽管她收到了陌生人要求其撤掉灯饰的伤人的便条，但仍有 很多人对Sara的行为表示理解和支持。21 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，Sara的父亲在他们的屋顶上挂满了彩灯。A. strung 悬挂，系，扎；B. purchased 购买；C. removed 消除；D. checked 检查。根据“For Sara's family, decorating the yard was always a celebration fbr the New Year."和“However, seeing the hanging lights,"可知，Sara的父亲在屋顶上挂满了彩灯。故选A。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：除夕之夜，灯光笼罩了整个房子。A. caught抓住；B. enveloped 遮盖，笼罩，包围；C. exposed 揭露；D. included 包括。根据“This year Sara's father 1colorful lights all round their roof.”可知,整个房子都被灯光笼罩着。故选B。23 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：一切似乎都很顺利，直到不幸降临：Sara的父亲突然去世了。 A. danger 危险；B. challenge 挑战；C. misfortune 不幸，厄运,不幸事故;D. fire 火。根据"Sara's father passed away suddenly.”可知，不幸突然发生：Sara的父亲突然去世了。故选C。24 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sara极度悲伤。A. overcome（某种情绪）控制，对产 生极大的影响；B. frightened 害怕;C. approached 接近；D. beaten 打败。根据"Sara's father passed away suddenly."可知，Sara的父亲突然去世，她悲痛欲绝。故选A。25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，看到挂着的灯，她感到很高兴，得到了一丝安慰。A. hope希望；B. relief安慰；C.sadness悲伤；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文讲述的是父亲挂的 灯和“she was in a state of feeling happy,”可知，这些灯给她带来了一丝安慰。故选B。26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些灯光是她对她深爱的父亲最后的回忆。A. possessions个人财产；B. inventions发明;C. presents礼物；D. reminders引起回忆的事物。根据"of her beloved father.”可知，这些灯是最后能引起Sara对她深爱的父亲的回忆的东西。故选D。27 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把它们取下来意味着她和父亲最后的联系将会消失，这是 她还没有准备好接受的。A. positive积极的；B.symbolic象征的；C.final最终的，最后的； D. private 私人的，秘密的。根据“connection with her father would disappear, which she wasn't ready to accept.”可知，把这些灯摘下来意味着她与父亲的最后联系的消失。故选C。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是她把它们继续挂着。A. preserved维持的原状，保 存；B. cleaned 清洁；C. recovered 恢复;D. replaced 替换。根据"Take your New Year's lights down!”和“A few weeks later, Sara took down the decorations.”可知，她让那些灯继续挂着。故 选Ao29 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：3月的一天，Sara收到一封没有署名的邮件：“把你的新 年灯关掉A. unimportant不重要的；B.unreliable不可靠的，不可信赖的；C.unmarked未做 标记的，没有标志的；D. unsigned未签名的，没有署名的。根据“She neverlearned the sender's identity.”可知，这张便条没有署名。故选D。30 .考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她无法抑制自己的愤怒，并在网上分享了自己的故事。 A. bring about导致,引起；B.hold back压抑,抑制（感情等）；A put aside忽视,不理睬，忘 记；D. go through经历某事，经受某事。根据语境可知，那张便条的内容让Sara无法抑制 她的愤怒。故选B。31 .考查动词词义辨析1句意：支持的信息很快涌进了 Sara的收件箱。A. slid滑动；B. pressed 压；C. flooded（大量地）涌到,涌去;D. broke 打破。根据"into Sara's inbox quickly."可知,很 快，Sara收到了很多支持她的邮件，大量的邮件涌进了 Sara的收件箱。故选C。32 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，有一天，Sara发现她邻居的房子上又出现了新年的装 饰 她的邻居们又把他们的灯挂起来纪念她的父亲!A. updated更新；B. reappeared再次出 现,重新出现;C. faded 褪色；D. increased 增加。根据“her neighbors hung their lights back up” 可知，新年的装饰重新出现在她所在街区的房子上。故选B。33 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，有一天，Sara发现她邻居的房子上又出现了新年的装 饰她的邻居们又把他们的灯挂起来纪念她的父亲!A. honour尊敬；B. search寻找；C.defence防御;D.support支持。in honour of为纪念,为向表示敬意。根据“herneighbors hung their lights back up”可知，Sara的邻居们把灯重新挂起来，以纪念她的父亲。 故选Ao34 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对她来说，那件伤人的事远没有那么多善举重要。A.All ticket sales are final and non-refundable. AH exchanges must be processed at least 24 hours before the time and date of the event or reservation.1. Where can visitors learn something about a prehistoric animal?A.In Laser Dome.B.In Building 2,Planetarium.C.In PACCAR