北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试题.docx

北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试题学校:姓名:班级：考号：一、完形填空Sachin invested everything he had and borrowed some money from friends to start his textile business. Despite his best efforts to maintain top in his products, he was only getting small projects and the earnings were not sufficient to 2 its basic cost. His friends started asking for their money back, leaving him feeling defeated. One day, while sitting on a farm, Sachin met a farmer who asked him why he looked so down. Sachin explained his business wasn't giving him the 3 he'd hoped fbr and that he was thinking of selling it.The farmer then took Sachin to see a mango tree and a bamboo tree.“Both the trees were planted at the same time, 4 nurtured with water, fertilizer, and sunshine. In the first two years, the mango tree grew quickly, while the bamboo tree remained relatively dormant (休眠的).It continued for the third and fourth years. In the fifth year, the mango tree started 5 fruits. Still, there were no 6 of growth in the bamboo tree. My fellow farmers told me not to waste any time on it. But I never gave up. One week later, there was a 7 growth in the bamboo tree. Then within six weeks, the tree grew to 100 feet. Actually, in the first four years, it was developing its root deep underground for a strong base for outside growth/9Sachin realized that the same principle 8 his business. He went back to his friends, requested for more time and then began exploring opportunities to get big orders. In the third month, a(n) 9 order from a multinational company worth millions of dollars came in. Sachin and his team delivered the order on time, maintaining their high standards, and the company continued to give them more orders. Eventually, Sachin's business became highly profitable, and he 10 all the debts he owed to his friends.1. A.rankingB , balanceC. qualityD. appearance2. A.coverB. cutC. manageD. increase3. A.opportunitiesB returnsC. concernsD. expenses4. A.hardlyB. equallyC. finallyD. hurriedly5. A.bearingB, changingC. preservingD. gathering6. A.signsB, cluesC , patternsD. responses1 .你对该口号的理解；2 .具体倡议。注意：1.词数100左右；3 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear fellow students,Students,Union7. A. solidB.steadyC. visualD. noticeable8. A. made upB.turned intoC. resulted fromD. applied to9. A. regularB.ordinaryC. massiveD. familiar10. A. raisedB.settledC. investedD. consumed二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Most people suffer from what is known as "Just-me-ism”. What is that? Well, say you leave the tap 11 (run) while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. And all these would be very harmful. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, an institute called Roots & Shoots 12 (establish) in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall. Roots & Shoots hopes 13 (involve) millions of young people all over the world to be a part of a community for a shared future.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。After college, I tried for six months to get a job, but my luck was bad. Finally, one day I was in a downtown coffee shop, 14 (bury) in the newspaper, and my luck began to change. A young woman sitting next to me asked 15 she could read my newspaper. I said OK and we started talking. She told me she worked in a huge advertising company and 16 (look) for an assistant at the moment. I told her I was interested in mass communication and had studied it for four years at the university. Within one week, I was her assistant.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Most gardeners will probably say gardening is good for you. According to a study, people who garden have a 17 (healthy) diet, get more exercise, and feel less stress. Researchers studied the benefits of gardening in shared community gardens 18 people work together. They suggest gardening may reduce stress because it exposes people to nature, while community gardens also provide 19 (chance) for social interaction. Therefore, they hope the results will encourage doctors and government leaders to regard community gardens 20 a vital part of the public health system.三、阅读理解Do you know someone who has a hard time opening bottles or jars at home? Eighth-grade students in Mark Bolt's engineering class were tasked with making changes to a product to make it easier for people with challenges to use.Rather than requiring step-by-step directions for creating their projects, Mr. Bolt preferred to leave students' creative paths open. Lefs see some of the students, products.A Device That Easily Opens BottlesTo find a solution for her grandmother who had difficulty in opening bottles, Alana looked at existing bottle openers and then she created her own.She used a piece of wood shaped like a cellphone. Next, she made three holes of different sizes in the wood so that they could match common bottle cap sizes. Each hole also had a layer of dried, sticky hot glue, which provided a firm grip for the bottle caps. With a simple twist of the device, her grandmother could open bottles without help.A Coffee Cup With A Supportive “Thumb”Due to arthritis, a disease that causes pain in or around the joints, Robert's grandfather had trouble holding a coffee cup. Robert simplified a robotic “third thumb” device created by a London designer. He used rubber bands and a 3D-printed plastic form to make the extra “thumb“ which can firmly support the bottom of a cup.A Reading ToolMichael noticed how dyslexiaa common reading disorder, made it difficult for afriend to follow along on pages full of text. It is a language-processing condition. The brain tends to confuse the order of numbers, letters and other images.So, Michael created a small adjustable window-blind-style device. "My friend could isolate small sections of text while reading J he said.21. Alana's grandmother could open bottles easily by.A. sticking bottle caps to the deviceB connecting the device to a cellphoneC. twisting the device that has holes in itD. cutting holes of different sizes in wood22. What did Robert do to help his grandfather?A. He reformed a process to form a metal "thumb”.B He created a simpler "thumb“ device in the cup.C. He added plastic materials to the "thumb“ device.D. He used bands and a 3D-printed form to make a "thumb”.23. . Which of the following words can best describe the students in the passage?A. Independent and patient.B. Creative and considerate.C. Ambitious and hardworking.D. Open-minded and generous.Sports have been a big part of my life. I played flag football in elementary school and middle school. In high school, before I got hurt,I was on the swim team and trackteam.It was the summer going into mysenioryear when I was hit by a car.Thedoctorinformed me that there was no hope of full recovery. As a sixteen-year-old boy, you have a lot of self-doubts and are trying to find out who you are. So, you throw in an accident on top of that and it kind of threw a loop into things for me. It was definitely hard, the physical pain of therapy, and learning how to live life. And there was the emotional pain, too. The mental suffering of being paralyzed (瘫痪)is more severe than the physical pain.When I was in the hospital, one of the guys from the University of Wisconsin (UW) that played on the Whitewa ter wheelchair basketball team visited. He told me about adaptive sports, and I thought that sounded good. He gave my information to the local junior wheelchair basketball coach in Milwaukee. I started playing that October.Playing basketball was a really good thing for me. It let me see a bunch of different people in the same situation as me. It was good to have a group of friends for support.I studied at Southwest Minnesota State University for three years and then transferred to UW-Whitewater for my senior year. I was invited in 2013 to try out for the National Team and made it. That was always my goal. A lot of people would ask me what my backup plan was1 didn't have one, to be honest.The Paralympics is the pinnacle of our sports. It's been pretty easy for me to stay motivated. We were the best team in the 2016 Paralympics. And this team was way too good just to win one medal, so I had to be back in 2020.I'm not sure right now about getting ready fbr the 2024 Paralympics. The team is growing and going through some turnover. I honestly don't know what my future holds. I just want to be around the people that I care about and care about mewhether that's on theNational Team, or just my friends back home. They are my security blanket, the good people in my life.However, one thing I'm sure is that playing basketball is still number one, with a focus on the Paralympics.Now I am signed as a player with a team over in Spain and I'm exploring what the next chapters of my life might be like.24. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Being unable to do sports.B.Being hit by a car at sixteen.C.Feeling uncertain about himself.D.Suffering physical and mental pains.25. What helped the author regain passion for sports after the accident?A.Playing wheelchair basketball.B.Transferring to UW-Whitewater.C.Trying out for the National Team.D.Winning a medal in the 2016Paralympics.26. What can we infer about the author?A. He plans to switch to flag football in the future.B. He will graduate from UW-Whitewater in 2024.C. He wants to play basketball at the 2024 Paralympics.D. He intends to coach wheelchair basketball players in Spain.27. Whafs the passage mainly about?A. How playing basketball empowered the author.B. How people around the author supported him.C. How the author's backup plan shaped him.D. How the author enjoyed his college life.Have you ever bought a new car and started noticing the exact color and model of car everywhere? Has that type of car just become popular in your city? Were they there before? Or are you just going crazy?You're not going crazy. The reason you are now just noticing them is what psychologists call "priming”. Basically, the cars were always there. You just didn't recognize them consciously. However, when that certain model of car becomes part of your conscious thinking, you start “automatically” recognizing all of the other cars that are the same, because you arc already “primed“ to do so.The priming effect takes many forms. In one study, students were asked to walk around a room for 5 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute, which was about one-third their normal pace. After this brief experience, the participants were much quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as forgetful, old, and lonely. Reciprocal priming effects tend to produce a coherent reaction: if you are primed to think of old age, you would tend to act old, and acting old would reinforce the thought of old age. This research shows that the way we think influences the way we act, and the way we act influences the way we think.A similar conclusion was reached by the American psychologist William James a century ago, but he emphasized the effect on feeling. "Actions seem to follow feeling, but really actions and feeling go together; and by regulating the action, which is under the more direct control of the will, we can indirectly regulate the feeling, which is not. Thus the path to cheerfulness, should our cheerfulness be lost, is to sit up cheerfully and to act and speak as if cheerfulness were already there.So, thafs it. Tf you want to be happy, just sit up and act happy. Based on these scientific findings, we can adopt certain priming effects to help make ourselves consistently happier.One thing we have in common is our ability to think, and thus feel. Pleasant thoughts have been proven to produce the chemicals that make us feel happy, particularly thoughts and feelings of gratitude. When we purposefully go through and think about the things we9re grateful for and deliberately feel as much gratitude as we can, we are flooding our mind with the “happy chemicals”. Furthermore, by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, we will be “primed“ to recognize the things in our life to appreciate. Each time this happens, the “happy chemicals” will be produced. Do this every day and we will become consistently happier. This makes up for the momentary happiness we gain from eating chocolate or buying new clothes. More than that, combining thoughts of gratitude with happy acts like smiling and laughing will have a supplementary positive effect on our state of mind.28. Which of the following is an example of the priming effect?A. Walking much faster after attending a lecture about old age.B. Donating money to the poor after seeing pictures of cute cats.C. Learning about various types of cars after purchasing the first car.D. Completing SO_P as SOUP rather than SOAP after seeing the word EAT.29. What does the underlined word "reciprocal“ in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Related. B. Two-way.C. Well-rounded. D. Opposite.30. What will the author probably agree with?A. Eating or shopping leads to consistent feelings of happiness.B Our will has greater control over emotions than over actions.C. Happy chemicals make us think about the things we're grateful fbr.D. Practicing gratitude frequently prepares us for long-term happiness.31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Prime Yourself to Be HappierB , Share Happiness to Enhance WellbeingC. Why Gratitude Is Important in PsychologyD. How Happy Chemicals Affect People's Thoughts四、七选五Working Together to Save the Sea TurtlesFlorida has some of the best beaches in the world. Thousands of people visit the state to enjoy the sand. But these beaches are also home to five species of sea turtles. A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. 32 So how do Floridians protect these special animals?Some volunteers and researchers in Florida take direct action to help the turtles. They look closely at the sand to find the fin （鳍）marks the mother sea turtles left there. 33 When they've figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. They also collect information about the nests and tracks to help people studying sea turtles.These are not the only Floridians taking action to help protect these creatures. Florida's government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is “Florida's Marine Turtle Protection Act”. This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. 34Another way Floridians work together to save these creatures is through organizati