课时05.谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-2023中考英语四轮总复习（版）（学生版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳.docx

第五讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是中考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般 过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是： 动词时态的基本用法动词语态的基本用法 主谓一致时态一般时态进行时态完成时态【时态、语态和主渭一切将来时态一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时被动语态的构成陪态主动形式表被动意义0高频考点突破考点1动词的时态动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)现在时过去时将来时一般时do/doesdidshall/will do> be going to do进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doing完成时have/has donehad done1 .一般时态(1) 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。for who you 6.(be). But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you ? " I 7. (inspire)by her words.Over the past few months，I 8.(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.(love)me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.(tell)me.The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。ril write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。1 .Mike often （U攵集）stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.2 .And then it just （grow） and makes the world a better place.3 .We can see clearly that Mongolia （位于）between China and Russia on the map.4 .Mary is crazy about reading. She b a lot of books from the school library every time.（2）一般过去时表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。We often played basketball together.我们（过去）经常在一起打篮球。时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。1 .While I was watching TV, the doorbell r.2 .Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound （开往伦敦的）ship. So he （land） in London by accident.3 .Although I （上学，参加）a class last year, my Spanish is still terrible!4 .And we never （忘记）the lunch or the dinner, though, which we all made together over campfires.5 .After a long day, Tom 1 down on the bed and went to sleep.6 .They didn't like vegetables or fruits. They （更喜欢）to eat junk food.2.进行时态（1）现在进行时（am/is/are+现在分词）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He is working on a paper.他在写一篇论文。表示位置转移的动词可用进行时代替将来时。这样的动词有go, come, start, leave, arrive, begin, return 等。Pm leaving for Beijing next month.我卜个月要去北京。（2）过去进行时（was/were+现在分词）过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他在读一本有趣的书。1 .The child （cry）over there. What's wrong with him?2 .He says that many summer camps （wait） for instructions from the government now.3 .Parents send their kids to many after-school classes. They are always c them with other children.4 .While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.5 .It's a pity that you missed the concert. What happened?-It heavily when I was about to leave. I had to wait until it stopped.A.rainsB.rainedC.was rainingD.has rained3.将来时态(1) 一般将来时“will/shall +动词原形”表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。I shall call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.他们可能去上海度假。一般将来时的常用结构用于"I expect, Pm sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中,用于“祈使句+ and +陈述句”中与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用Don,t worry about the exam.Fm sure you911 pass.不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮助你的。表示一般将来时的特殊结构be going to do sth表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。He is going to speak on TV this evening.他今晚要在 电视上讲话。Look at the dark clouds.ltis going to rain.看这些乌云，要下雨了。When are you to leave/leaving for home?你什么时候回家？l.Next year, they (make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.2.But surely, people believe, his dream (come) true in the near future.4.现在完成时态(1)现在完成时(have/has +过去分词)表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, since then, up to now, so far 等。In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.在过去的几年里， 我的 家乡发生了巨大变化。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有：already, ever, just(刚刚)， yet 等。He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他已经关掉灯 了。在“最高级+名词”或"It/This is+the+序数词+time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成 时。This is the first time(that)! have come here.这是我第一次来这里。【易混辨析】have gone to意为“去某地了”，表示此人现在还在那里没有回来。have been to意为“去过某地”，表示此人已经回来了。He has gone to live abroad.他到国外居住了。Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗？根据汉语意思完成句子you everfish and chips?你曾经吃过炸鱼薯条吗？I justmy chemistry book.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。(3)1 neverthat farm.我从来没去过那个农场。一 youthis film yet?一Yes,I.你已经看过这部电影了吗？是，我看过了。I this dictionary for 3 years.我已经买这本词典三年了。Hehere since he to Shanghai.自从他搬到上海，他就住这儿了。7 .He(save)up about 300 dollars already.8 .The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I it several times so far.A.watchedB. watchC.have watched D.will watch考点2动词的语态1 .被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子时态的不同 而变化。现在过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been done2 .主动形式表被动意义”系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构。The steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。(2)动词need, require, want, be worth后加动词一ing形式的主动结构表被动意义。My watch can't work; it needs repairing.我的手表不能用 了，需要修了。l.If we don't protect the environment well, well be (惩罚)sooner or later.2.They live in hutslittle "houses". These houses (make)of wood and grass.3.It (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.4 .When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.5 .Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.6 .Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person,s happiness could be (影响)by social media(媒体).7 .Most programs will not (allow)to have more than 30 kids.8 .“Why? Your bright sunny smile (love) by everybody, not how many hairs you havelMiss Beautiful smiled.9 .Fve found a friendly guide here and yesterday I (show) around the city.10 .For example, it mentioned that the zipper was (invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.11 .First of all, I think more bike lanes should (build).12 .The read-a-thons are(举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.考点3主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形 式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。1 .当and连接两个或多个名词或bothand连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Tom and Mike are good friends.Tom 和 Mike 是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.Lucy 和 Lily 都是学生。2 .either,neither,eachone,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone, everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了 准备。3 .each,each.and each.,every.and every作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩者E收至U 了 一本新书。4 .在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。rtogetherwithalongwith(或 with)besides(或 but/except)A+<aswellas+B+谓语动词+includingratherthanlike1 .The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.RB个男孩同他的父母起 每周去一次博物馆。2 .The captain,as well as the other players,was tired.队长还有其他运动员都感到累了。3 .The wallet,with the ID card and money,was lost.钱包，连同身份证和钱，都丢了。5 .“one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither 等+of+复数名词''作主语时,谓语动词用单 数形式。Every one of the students is studying hard,每个学生都在用功学习。Neither of the girls is pretty.这两个女孩儿都不漂亮。6 .“a number。"复数名词”意为“许多/大量”,作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”意为“的数量、作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of trees are cut down.许多树被砍倒 了。The number of the students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为 32。7 .“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most o计名词''和”分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的 单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数，则 谓语动词用复数形式。Lots of people have been there befor已以前很多人去过那儿。Most of the computers are bought from Beijing.大部分电脑都是从北京买来的。Two-thirds of the water has been polluted.三分之二的水已经被污染了。8 .由“a pair/a kind+o"复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs/kinds+o计复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.桌子上有副太阳镜。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day,每天制作 15 双鞋。9 .某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 My pants are worn out.我的裤子穿坏了。10 .不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Reading is learning.读书就是学习。To see is to believe.眼见为实。用所给词的适当形式填空©Everyone except Tom and John(be)there when the meeting began.Neither of the two brothers(live)with their parents.Playing baseball(be)Dale's favourite sport.二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词是单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。1 .集体名词如 family,crew,crowd,company,audience,committee,government,group 等作主语时，谓 语动词的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词需用单数形式;如果表 示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。Class Twelve was first in the sports meeting.(指整体)在运动会中2 班是第一名。Class Twelve are doing morning exercises in the play ground.(指构成整体的成员)12 班正在操场 上做早操。2 .集体名词如people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式，但clothing,traffic,furniture等无 生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩儿找妈妈。There isn't any traffic on the road at the moment.这会儿路上没有车辆往来。3 .表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的名词复数或词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体,谓语动 词常用单数形式。Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。Fifty yuan was paid to Mr Green.付给格林先生 50 元钱。4 .有些专有名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The United States is on the south of Canada.美国在加拿大南边。5 .主语形式为复数而意义却为单数，如news,works(工厂)等或一些学科名称，如 physics,politics,maths等，谓语动词需用单数形式。Physics is my favourite subject.物理是我最喜欢的科目。用所给词的适当形式填空IThe whole class(be)greatly moved by his words.2The Chinese badminton team(be)playing magnificently.3The police(be)looking for the murderer.4His Selected Poems(be)first published in 1965.51 think physics(be)much more useful than maths.三、就近原则1 .由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。Neither Tom nor I like this film.Tom 和我都不喜欢这个电影。2 .在there be或here be句型中，如果有并列的名词作主语，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。There is a girl and four boys in the room.房间里有一个女孩儿和四个男孩儿。There are four boys and a girl in the room房间里有四个男孩儿和一个女孩儿。题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空1 .Not only students but also their teacher(object)to the plan.2 .There(be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.3 .Here(be)a letter and two books for you.随堂练习一、填空题1 .rm very hungry. I haven't e anything since 7:00 this morning.2 .We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于)between China and Russia on the map.3 .People from all over Turkey are (送)their old books to the library.4 .The temperature will (上升)quickly during this period.5 .After a long day, Tom 1 down on the bed and went to sleep.6 .Sorry, I've f your phone number. Could you please tell me again?7 .一Who is (敲)at the door?一Maybe it's the postman.8 .Now Joseph (do)a project, hoping that it will help children face their own “lions”.9 .He(save)up about 300 dollars already.1.8111 ly was(kick)a ball around the yard while his mom was cooking in the kitchen.1.8112 end)you some photos of Edinburgh Castle next time.12 .When I told him running for president would be much work, he(promise)that he would help me.13 .Linda stayed up late and p herself for the math exam last night.14 .Two hours later, when David's mother got back, he(play)games with John.15 .This spring my elder brother and I(spend) a long weekend cycling in the countryside.一、填空题1 .The movie The Wandering Earth was p by most people when it first came out.1.1 (选择)as a team leader to make sure every student spoke English only.3 .Huawei's newest phone, the Mate X, can be (折叠).4 .The problems we face were m in his speech, but he didn't come up with ways to solve them.5 .All the tickets were s out, so Tom went away disappointedly.6 .Nobody will be 2 in the accident because all happened by accident.7 .1n the traffic accident, one man was k and another was badly injured.8.1 think this working plan should (discuss)for a second time at the meeting.9.When someone, especially a child, is (教育),he or she is taught at school or college. lO.Users of this app will be (鼓励)to take different routes in order to earn more points.1. 一Why are you late, Jim?一Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.A. isB. areC. wasD. were1.1. He his classmates.A. get along well with B. get well withC. is getting along well with D. is get well with3. In order to eat safely, I think we make some food by ourselves instead of buying some. A. used toB. prefer to C. had betterD. are supposed to4. There a football match and a concert this weekend. Which one would you like to go?A. isB. areC. will beD. will have5. Each of the club members ready to help those who were in trouble.A. isB. areC. wasD. were6. David, there a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.A. isB. areC. have7. Lady Gaga is famous her beautiful voice.A. asB. withC. for8. Thanks to the organization, some money given to the poor children.A. wasB. wereC. are9. A woman with two children along the street at the moment.A. is walkingB. are walkingC. walkD. walks10. Yao Ming is famous playing basketball,A, toB. asC. forD. between四.语法填空My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.(remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2. (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March.SuiTounded by a group of girls who 3. (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said, "you 4.(be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.(accept)you