FY2024人教版新七年级英语暑假课-第07讲 系动词和情态动词 （教师版）.docx

第07讲系动词和情态动词衔接导图be动词的形式、作用系动词和常见系动词，系动词look等的情态动I司双市性情态动词can和may的基本 用法知识点精态动词must与have to的基 木用法和区别温故知新温故要点例1下面句子中有一处错误,请用“”画出并改正Our English teacher can plays the piano well.【答案】plays改为:play【思路解析】这个句子的主语是our English teacher我们的英语老师，虽是第三人称单数形式，但要注意情态动 词can没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形.回顾总结l.be动词有单数is/am,复数are两种形式,be动词不能独立作谓语，后面常跟名词、形容词等作表语.2 .情态动词我们在小学学习的情态动词有can, may. can 一般表示能力,may 一般表示请求，情态动词后面接动词原形.衔接知新知识清单1 .连系动词连系动词也叫系动词，是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它不能独立作谓语，后常跟名词、形容词和介 词短语等作表语.最常用的系动词是be.此外，实义动词feel感觉,become变成,sound听,smell闻,taste尝,look 看，作为系动词时;它们分别表示“感觉，变得，听起来闻起来，尝起来看起来”.如:She looks like beautiful.她看起 来很漂亮.（look在这里是连系动词，与like 一起表示“看起来”的意思）2 .情态动词【答案】D【详解】句意:-先生，我可以帮助你吗?-是的，我想试穿那双黑色的鞋子.考查情态动词辨析.Will将;Should应该;Must必须;May可能;（征求同意或表示允许）可以,根据“I help you,”可知, 此处表示委婉语气，询问对方是否需要帮助，应填may,故选D.15 .（2022上海统考中考真题卜 I use your glue? I'm making a kite.-No problem. Here you are.A.ShouldB.NeedC.MustD.May【答案】D【详解】句意一我可以用你的胶水吗?我在做风筝没问题.给你.考查情态动词.Should应该;Need需要;Must必须;May可以.此处表征求他人的同意，应用May引导一般疑问句.故选D.16 .（2022江苏盐城统考中考真题）Safety comes first. Everyone on the coach wear the seat belt.A.canB.can'tC.mustD.mustn't【答案】C【详解】句意:安全第一.车上的每个人都必须系好安全带.考查情态动词.can能,可以;can't不能,不会;must必须;mustn't禁止，不能.根据"Safety comes first"和“wear the seat belt”可知，安全最重要，故必须系好安全带.故选C.17 .（2022江苏南通统考中考真题）In the library you draw or write in the books, or you will be fined.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.wouldn'tD. couldn't【答案】A【详解】句意:在图书馆你不能在书上画画或写字，否则你会被罚款.考查动词辨析.mustn't禁止;needn't不必;wouldn't不会;couldn't不可能.根据"or you will be fined.”可知,是禁止 在书上画画或写字.故选A.18 .（2022吉林长春统考中考真题）The girl is really clever. She speak two foreign languages.A.canB.mustn'tC.can'tD.need【答案】A【详解】句意:这个女孩真的很聪明.她会说两种外语.考查情态动词辨析.can 能够;mustn't 禁止;can't 不能;need 需要.根据"The girl is really clever. She . speak two foreign languages”可知，聪明的女孩能说两种外语，故选A.19 .（2022贵州黔西统考中考真题）The headmaster often tells us that students go to swim in rivers by themselves. Ifs quite dangerous.A.mustn'tB.mustC.couldn'tD.could【答案】A【详解】句意:校长经常告诉我们,学生们不能自己去河里游泳.这很危险.考查情态动词.mustrft 禁止;must 必须;couldn't 不能;could 能.根据"go to swim in rivers by themselves”可知学生 去河里游泳是被禁止的，故选A.20 .（2022湖南益阳统考中考真题）-Is it important to protect wild animals, Susan?-Yes. If we don't protect them, they die out one day.A.needB. can'tC.may【答案】C【详解】句意一保护野生动物很重要吗,苏珊?-是的如果我们不保护它们，它们有一天可能会灭绝.考查情态动词.need 需要;can't 不能;may 可能.根敏'If we don't protect them, they.die out one day.”可知，表示一 种可能性,应用may,故选C.21 .（2022湖南湘西统考中考真题）Sir, youcross the road when the light is red. You know, building acivilized city（创建文明城市）is our duty.-Sorry, I won't.A.needn'tB.mustC.can't【答案】C【详解】句意:-先生，红灯的时候你不能过马路.要知道，建设文明城市是我们的职责抱歉，我不会了.考查动词辨析.needn*没必要;must必须;carft不能.根据“when the light is red”和常识可知,红灯的时候不可以 过马路.故选C.22 .（2022辽宁大连统考中考真题Wilson,you help me carry the box upstairs?-Sure, no problem.A.couldB.needC.shouldD.might【答案】A【详解】句意:-威尔逊,你能帮我把箱子搬上楼吗?-好佝没问题.考查动词辨析.could能;need需要;should应该;might可以,根据“Sure, no problem.”可知，此处是寻求对方帮助, 应使用委婉语气,用could.故选A.23.（2022广西梧州,统考中考真题）-Can I swim in the lake, Mum? It's so hot.-No, you, The sign says “No swimming”.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.wouldn'tD.shouldn't【答案】A【详解】句意一妈妈，我可以在湖里游泳吗？好热啊.-不，你不能.牌子上写着“禁止游泳”.考查动词辨析.mustn't禁止jneedn,t不必;wouldn9t不会shouldn't不应该.根据“The sign says 'No swimming（牌子上写着“禁止游泳”）可知，此处是指绝对不能去游泳，用mustn,t表示禁止.故选A.24.（2022江苏镇江统考中考真题" don't care what Kate thinks.-Well, you. Her suggestions are of some value.A.wouldB.shouldC.mightD.could【答案】B【详解】句意:-我不管凯特怎么想嗯,你应该（听听凯特的建议）.她的建议有些价值.考查情态动词.would将要;should应该;might可能;could能够.根据"Her suggestions are of some value.”可知此处 是指建议对方应该听听凯特的建议,should符合语境，故选B.25.（2022辽宁朝阳统考中考真题）-Dad, must I become a doctor like you when I finish university in the future?-No, you. You can make your own decision and do whatever you like.A.don't have toB.can'tC.mustn'tD.couldn't【答案】A【详解】句意:-爸爸，我将来大学毕业后一定要像你一样当医生吗?-不,你不必这么做.你可以自己做决定，做 任何你喜欢的事.考查must 一般疑问句的回答.must引导的一般疑问句否定回答为:No, you needn,t/don,t have to,所以A选项正 确，故选A.26.（2022.黑龙江哈尔滨.统考中考真题卜Do you like poems?-Yes. I read poems when I was 5.A.mustB.canC.could【答案】C【详解】句意:-你喜欢诗歌吗?-是的.我五岁的时候就可以读诗了.考查情态动词.must必须;can能;could能够.根据“ Iread poems when I was 5.”可知是指五岁时就有读诗的能 力，且用过去式，故选C.27.（2022广西百色中考真题）-you tell us a story in English?-I think I can do it. Let me try.【答案】B【详解】句意:-你能用英语给我们讲个故事吗?-我想我可以.让我试一下.考查情态动词.Need需要;Can能;Should应该;Must必须.根据"think I can do it."可知我想我能做到,故选B.28 .(20221匕京统考中考真题).Itake photos here?-Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum.A.MustB.NeedC.CanD.Will【答案】c【详解】句意一我可以在这里拍照吗?-对不起，你不能.博物馆不允许拍照.考查动词辨析.Must必须;Need需要;Can可以;Will将会.根据答语“Sorry, you cant，可知，用can提问，用 can/cant回答.故选C.29 .(2022四川雅安统考中考真题卜Excuse me.I sit here?-You'd better not. It9s the man's seat.A.MustB.NeedC.CouldD.Should【答案】C【详解】句意:-打扰一下.我可以坐在这吗?-你最好不要.这是那个男人的座位.考查情态动词辨析.must必须;need需要;could可以;should应该.根据“I sit here”可知，这是表示请求允许的一句 话,此空应填could,故选C.30.(2022江苏徐州统考中考真题卜Can we play games here?-Better not. If you, please go to the open space there.A.mustB.canC.mayD.will【答案】A【详解】句意一我们可以在这里玩游戏吗?-最好不要.如果必须的话，请去那里的空地.考查动词辨析.must必须;can能够;may可以;will将要.根据"Better not.”可推测，此处是指如果一定要玩，到那边 的空地去.must"必须'符合语境.故选A.情态动词表示说话人的能力，对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等.它本身虽有意义，但 不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形构成谓语.情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,肯定句变否定句时直 接在情态动词后面加not(may变为can't或mustn't, must变为neednt),变一般疑问句时将情态动词移至句首. 情态动词must与have to的基本用法和区别：(l)must表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意为“必须”:由must引导的疑问句，肯定回 答要用must或have/has to,否定回答要用needn't或don't/doesn't have to,意思是“不必”:must的否定形式是 mustnt,意为“不准、禁止”.(2)have to表示客观需要做的事情,意思是“必须，不得不”.使用have to要注意：have to有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to;含有have to/has to的句子需分别借 用助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句.过关检测H典题精讲例2单项选择(1 )The bread smellsand it sells.A. well; goodB. good; goodC. good; wellD. well; well(2) This kind of cloth very soft.A. feelsB. smellsC. soundsD. looks【答案】C(2)A【思路解析】(1)句意:这些面包闻起来很好，而且卖得好.完成这道题时要注意smell和sell这两个词的词 性.smell在这里是“闻起来，的意思，是系动词，后要跟形容词作表语:sell意为“卖'是实义动词，常用副词来修饰. 选项中good是形容词,well是副词.(2)句意:这种布料手感很软.feel在此句中作感官系动词,意为“给人某种感觉/(摸上去)给人(某种)手感”.例3根据句意补充句子-Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith?-No, you.【答案】needn't【思路解析】句意:“Mr. Smith,我必须现在交家庭作业吗?”“不，你不必must构成的一般疑问句，肯定答语用 must,否定答语用needn't.走出误区这道题很容易错填为mustnl,因为一般情况下，对于一般疑问句的回答，根据习惯，往往会在must后面加 not.但是,mustnt意为“不准、禁止”，所以否定答语不用mustnl而用needn't.即时演练(1) 横线上写出下列画线动词的词义(l)He gets to Beijing.The days get longer and longer.(2) The students feel unhappy.I feel the dog's head.(3) Turn left at the crossing.The leaves turn green when spring comes.(4) The young trees grow fast.It grows dark.【答案】(1)到达变得(2)感觉抚摸(3)转(弯)变得(4)生长变得2 .单项选择()(1 )Whatyou do?A. can'tB. canC. mustD. may()(2)Visitorswalk on the grass in the park.A. can*tB. mustn'tC. mustD. may()(3)This kind of cake tastesA. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well( )(4)Bob can not go out to play, because he help his dad in the garden.A. canB. can'tC. has toD. may【答案】B【解析】句意：你能干什么?表示“能力”，用can.(2)B【解析】句意：游客禁止在公园草坪上行走.表示“禁止”要用mustnt(3)A【解析】句意：这种蛋糕尝起来很好.taste在这里是系动词，后面常跟形容词作表语.(4)C【解析】由句意“Bob不能出去玩，因为他不得不在花园里帮他爸爸”可知是客观事实，表示客观事实需要 用have t。,此处用第三人称单数形式.3 ,按要求改写句子(l)He must do his homework now.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)(2)May I go out for a walk?(作否定回答)(3)Mary 一定在图书馆里.(翻译句子)4 4) Jim is able to ride his bike.(同义句转换)Jim ride his b汰e.【答案】(l)-Must he do his homework now?-No, he needn't.【解析】由must构成的一般疑问句，否定回答用 needntNo, you mustn't/cant【解析】由may构成的一般疑问句，否定回答用mustn't或cantMary must be in the library.【解析】肯定句中表示肯定的猜测，用must.领先训练(4)can【解析】表示“能力”，用情态动词can, can二be able to.强化基础1 .用 may, can, must, have to 填空(1)you speak English?(2)We wash our hands before breakfast.(3)He go to school on Sundays.(4)-I smoke in this room?-No, you mustnt【答案】Can【解析】表示“能力”，用can.(2)must【解析】句意：早餐前我们必须洗手.这里表示说话人主观的义务和必要，用must.(3)has to【解析】句意：他周末不得不去学校.表示“不得不”，用have to.此处主语为第三人称单数形式,故应用 has to.(4)May【解析】表示请求和允许用may.否定回答时可用canl或mustnt表示“不可以”或“禁止”.2 .单项选择()(1)-May I stop my car here?-No, you.A. needn'tB. may notC. can*tD. don*t have to ()(2)-Must we clean the house now?-No, you.A. needn'tB. may notC. mustn'tD. can*t( )(3)Johnny, you play with the knife, you huU(伤害)yourself.A. won't; can'tB. mustn't; mayC. shouldn't; mustD. can't; shouldn't()(4)You don*t wash all the plates after meals.A. have toB. mustC. mayD. has to【答案】C (2)AB【解析】句意：你不准玩小刀，你会伤到自己.前面是主观禁止，用mustnt;后面是可能、猜测，用may.(4)A【解析】have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must等情态动词没有.由dont可排除B、C项，应用动词原 形 have to.3 .改写句子,保持句意不变(1) You must wash the dishes.=You wash the dishes.(2) She can cook well.=She cook well.(3)Wash your face at once(立艮Q=You wash your face at once.【答案】(l)have to (2)is able to (3)must领先巩固4 .下列句子中各有一处错误，请用“”画出并改正(1) The flowers smell well.改为:(2)He can tastes the soup.改为:(3) I haven't to go there. I can make a phone call.改为:【答案】(l)wellgood/nice【解析】句意:这些花闻起来很好.smell在这里作系动词，后面接形容词作表语.(2)tastes taste【解析】情态动词can没有人称和数的变化，后面的动词用原形.(3)haven,t don't have【解析】have to的否定形式是在前面加don't,而不是在have后面加not.5 ,按要求完成句子(1) Tom can dance.(用sing改为选择疑问句)The girl can play the guitar就画线部分提问)他一定在老师的办公室.（翻译句子）(4) Must I go home now?(作否定回答)【答案】(1) Can Tom dance or sing?(2) What can the girl do?(3) He must beat the teachefs office.(4) No, you needn't.培优挑战6 .完形填空I have a good friend. Her name (1) Mary. She (2) from America. She is (3) China with her father and mother. She (4) speak a little Chinese. She is in the No.15 Middle School in Shanghai. Her father and mother (5) teachers. They are in the No.5 Middle School. Mary is a good student. She (6) never late(迟至!J).But today she got up late. So she got to the classroom at seven thirty. But there (7) any students in theclassroom. She wasn't late. She was still early. It was Saturday today.)(1)A. amX2)A. come)(3)A. in)(4)A. must)(5)A. is)(6)A. are)C7)A. isn'tB.isB. comesB. atB. mayB. areB. amB. aren'tC. beC. areC. ofC. canC. beC. beC. wasn'tD. areD. goD. fromD. needD. amD. isD. weren't【答案】(1)B【解析】her name是第三人称单数.(2)B【解析】come from来自，主语she是第三人称单数.A【解析】in China在中国.(4)C【解析】can表示“能力”.(5)B【解析】主语her father and mother是第三人称复数.(6)DD【解析】主语students是第三人称复数，由此排除A、C项，又由后面句中的wasnt可知，句子要用一般过 去时.1 .（2022辽宁大连统考中考真题）Once a term, there a parents9 meeting in our school.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】A【详解】句意:每个学期，我们学校都会举行一次家长会.考查动词时态和be动词的用法.根据"Once a term”可知,此处是描述一个一般性情况，需用一般现在时,可排除 CD选项;且“a parents9 meeting”是单数,be动词用is.故选A.2 .（2022辽宁鞍山统考中考真题）-Whose skirt is this?-It be Jane's. She is the only girl in the team.A.mustB.can'tC.mayD.mustn't【答案】A【详解】句意一这是谁的裙子?-一定是简的.她是队里唯一的女孩.考查动词辨析.must 一定;can't不能;may可以;mustn't禁止.根据"She is the only girl in the team.”可知，此处表示 语气较强的肯定推测，一定是简的，用must,故选A.3 .（2022辽宁抚顺统考中考真题）-On my way to the supermarket, I saw Jimmy hanging out with someone.-It be him. He has gone to Shanghai.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.mightD.could【答案】A【详解】句意一在去超市的路上，我看到吉米和某人闲逛不可能是他.他去了上海.考查动词辨析.can，t不可能;mustn't禁止;might可能;could能够.根据"He has gone to Shanghai可知，吉米去上 海了，所以街上的不可能是他.故选A.4 .（2022山东，宾州统考中考真题）-0h, my God! Til nearly lose my heart.-Cheer up. Life be perfect all the time.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD. shouldn't【答案】A【详解】句意:-哦，我的上帝！我几乎要失去信心了振作起来.生活不可能总是完美的.考查动词辨析.can飞不可能;mustn't禁止;needn't不必;shouldn't不应该.根据“Lifebe perfect all the time.”可知, 此处是指生活不可能总是完美的，表示否定推测用cant故选A.5 .（2022湖南邵阳统考中考真题）-I use your iPad?-Sorry, I'm using it now.A.MayB.MustC.Should【答案】A【详解】句意:-我可以用一下你的平板电脑吗?-抱歉，我正在用.考查动词辨析.May可以;Must必须;Should应该.根据“Sorry,m using it now可知，此处是拒绝对方的请求，表 示请求，用may.故选A.6 .（2022广西和1州中考真题）-Can you play the guitar, Mark?-Yes, I.A.canB.mustC.will【答案】A【详解】句意一你会弹吉他吗，马克?-是的,我会.考查情态动词.can会;must必须;will将会.can开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+can”.故选A.7 .（2022海南统考中考真题）The boybe Tom. I saw him reading in the library just now.A.shouldnB.can'tC.needn't【答案】B【详解】句意:这个男孩不可能是汤姆.刚才我看见他在图书馆看书.考查动词辨析.shouldn't 不应该;can't 不能;needn't 不必要.根据" I saw him reading in the library just now.”可知, 此处是指不可能是汤姆.故选B.8 .（2021 福建统考中考真题）According to the new regulation （规定），school students take their cell phones to the classroom.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn't【答案】C【详解】句意:根据新规定，在校学生不得带手机去教室.考查情态动词.wouldn't将不会;needn,t不需要;mustn't禁止;根据语境可知，此处指的是不允许带手机，故选C.9 .（2022辽宁统考中考真题）The soupa little salty, there is no need to add more salt.A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.tastes【答案】D【详解】句意:汤尝起来有点咸，没必要再加盐了.考查感官动词.looks看起来;smells闻起来;sounds听起来;tastes尝起来.根据"The soup.a little salty”可知，汤尝起来有点咸，用感官动词"tastes”.故选D.10 .（2022广西柳州中考真题）Everyonehere. Lefs go.A.amB.areC.is【答案】C【详解】句意:每个人都在这.我们走吧.考查主谓一致.am与主语I 一起连用;are系动词的复数形式;is系动词的单数形式.不定代词everyone作主语,be 动词用单数is,故选C.11 .（2022海南统考中考真题）-How do you like this cup ofXinglong Coffee?-It really great. Fd like another cup.A.looksB.feelsC.tastes【答案】c【详解】句意一这杯兴隆咖啡怎么样?-味道尝起来真的很棒.我还想要一杯.考查动词辨析.looks看起来;feels感觉;tastes尝起来.根据"this cup of Xinglong Coffee”可知，咖啡应是尝起来不 错.故选C.12 .（2022青海统考中考真题卜Look! Mr. Li is playing basketball with his students.-It be him. He has gone to Xi'an.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.shouldn9t【答案】B【详解】句意:-看！李老师正在跟他的学生们打篮球不可能是他,他去西安了.考查情态动词辨析.mustn't禁止;can't不可能;shouldn't不应该.根据“He has gone to Xi'arT可知,此处表示否定 推测，所以应填cant故选B.13 .（2022西藏统考中考真题）Yoube tired after the whole day's work.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.would【答案】A【详解】句意:干了一整天的活，你一定很累了.考查情态动词辨析.must 一定;should 应该;can 可以;would 将会.根敏'Yoube tired after the whole day's work.” 可知，此处表示非常肯定的推测，用must.故选A.14 .（2022四川统考中考真题）-I help you, sir?-Yes, I'd like to try on those black shoes.A.WillB.ShouldC.MustD.May