FY2024人教版新七年级英语暑假课-第02讲 名词 （教师版）.docx

第02讲名词衔接导图名词靴变负数的不飒变化名词7民花芝岩电不可数名词不可故名词的要教形式书系L*敦交发政的变化规划名诃所有格的枸成利用法H11温故知新温故要点例1用所给词的正确形式填空There are two(knife)and five(tomato)on the desk.答案knives tomatoes【思路解析】这道题考查名词的复数形式.做题时要注意two和five这两个数字后跟名词复数形式,同时注意 名词单数变复数时，以f/fe结尾的名词和以。结尾的名词的变化规则.回顾总结1 .名词的分类名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词.它分为普通名词和专有名词，普通名词又可以分为可数 名词和不可数名词，其中可数名词有单数和复数两种形式.2 .名词单数变复数的变化规则名词单数变复数，一般是在单词末尾直接加-s;以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词，则加-es;以字母f或fe结尾的 单词，有的直接加-s,有的则先把f/fe变为v,再加-es;以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词，先把y变为i,再加-eso 注意：(1)以字母o结尾的单词，除常见的hero, tomato, potato等加-es,其余加-s. instruments乐器;C. interviews采访;D. inventions发明.按照说明拼接.故选A.14 .（2021 西藏统考中考真题）Allreceived fresh flowers on Women's Day.A. woman teacherB. woman teachersC. women teachersD. women teacher【答案】C【详解句意:所有的女老师们都在妇女节这一天收到了鲜花.考查复合名词复数的用法.“女教师”由woman teacher来表示，而由句中的“女教师们”可知这里应用复合名词 的复数形式，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，为women teachers.故选C.15 .（2021山东青岛统考中考真题）Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great for our nation.A. treasureB. resolutionC. pleasureD. standard【答案】A【详解】句意:中国传统医学是我们民族的伟大财富.考查名词辨析.treasure 财富;resolution 决议;pleasure 快乐;standard 标准.根据"Traditional Chinese Medicine”可 知,中国传统医学是巨大的财富，结合选项,treasure符合句意.故选A.16 .（2021内蒙古统考中考真题）In a conversation between two persons, 65% of is done through bodylanguage.A. informationB. pronunciationC. introductionD. communication【答案】D【详解】句意:在两个人的对话中,65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的.考查名 词辨析.information 信 息 pronunciation 发音 introduction 介 绍 communication 交流；根据 “In a conversation between two persons”以及“through body language”可知，此处指的是“交流”中 65%是肢体语言，故 选D.17 .（2021 青海西宁统考中考真题）-What a clean and tidy room!-Yes. Ifs room.A. Tina and Nina'sB. Tina's and NinaC. Tina and NinaD. Tina's and Nina's【答案】A【详解】句意:多干净整洁的房间啊！ 是的.它是蒂娜和尼娜的房间.考查名词所有格.根据句意，空处应用名词所有格,表示“的”，故排除C项;根据空后“room”是单数可知，这是 蒂娜和尼娜共有的房间;两者或两者以上共同所有,只在最后一个名词加's.故选A.18 .（2021广西河池统考中考真题）-Lisa, could you help me buy some on your way home?-Ok, mom.A.eggB. beefC. bananaD. potato【答案】B【详解】句意:Lisa,你能在回家的路上帮我买些牛肉吗?好的,妈妈.考查名词辨析.egg鸡蛋，可数名词;beef牛肉,不可数名词;banana香蕉，可数名词;potato 土豆，可数名词.some修 饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,ACD都应该用其复数形式，排除ACD,故选B.19 .（2021 四川广元统考中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school are.A. man teachersB. men teachersC. woman teachersD. women teacher【答案】B【详解】句意:我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师.考查名词复数,结合动词are可知名词要用复数形式，以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词 都变成复数,B选项正确，故选B.20 .（2021 黑龙江大庆统考中考真题）-Can I help you?-Please give me about the trains to Daqing.A. a few informations B. a little informations C. a little information D. a few information【答案】c【详解】句意:我可以帮到你吗?请告诉我一些去大庆的火车的情况.考查不定代词及不可数名词.a few一些，修饰可数名词;a little一点，修饰不可数名词.information是不可数名词, 无复数形式，排除A和B选项.修饰不可数名词用a little,故选C.21 .（2021 广西百色统考中考真题）Uncle Li has a farm, there are some on the farm.A. chicken and sheep B. chickens and sheeps C. chickens and sheep D. chicken and sheeps【答案】C【详解】句意:李叔叔有一个农场，在农场上有一些鸡和羊.考查名词复数的用法.根据"there are some.on the farm”可知，农场上会有鸡和羊.some后接不可数名词或可数 名词的复数形式,chicken鸡，复数形式是chickens; sheep羊，复数形式是sheep,故选C.22 .（2021 黑龙江绥化统考中考真题）The pink hair band must belong to.A. Linda'sB. LindaC. hers【答案】B【详解】句意:这个粉红色的发带一定属于Linda.考查名词和代词.Linda是一个女孩的名字;Linda's是名词所有格形式;hers是名词性物主代词，意为“她的”.句 中使用了短语belong to"属于”，后跟名词或人称代词宾格形式作宾语.故选B.23 .（2021 贵州铜仁统考中考真题）-You have a nice house! Whose room is this?-Ifs.A. Jack and Peter'sB. Jack's and Peter's C. Jack's and PeterD. Jack and Peter【答案】A【详解】句意:你的房子真漂亮！这是谁的房间?这是Jack和Peter的.考查名词所有格.Jack and Peter's是指Jack和Peter两人共同的Jack's and Peter's指Jack和Peter两人各自的;C 选项形式错误;Jack and Peter指两个人.根据句中“Whose room is this”可知,答语中应表示“是的”，且这里 提到的是一个房间，因此应该是Jack和Peter两人共同的.故选A.24 .（2021山东东营统考中考真题）-I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.-So am I. We lost a hero. His on hybrid（杂交）rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.A. surveysB. reportsC. researchesD. achievements【答案】D【详解】句意:我听说袁隆平去世了感到很悲伤.我也是,我们失去了一位英雄.他对杂交水稻的成就 帮助中国人解决了吃饭的问题.考查名词.surveys调查;reports报告;researches研究;achievements成就.根据"on hybrid rice”可知讲述的是袁隆 平的成就,用名词“achievements”.故选D.25 .（2021贵州贵阳统考中考真题）The movie named A Little Red Flower shows love for their children.A. parentsB. parent'sC. parents'【答案】C【详解】句意:电影送你一朵小红花展现了父母对孩子的爱.考查所有格.此处表达的是“父母的爱iparents是以s结尾的复数名词,所有格直接加'即可，故选C.26 .（2021 重庆统考中考真题）There are manyteachers in this primary school.A. womanB. woman'sC. womenD. women's【答案】C【详解】句意:这所小学有许多女教师.考查复合名词的复数.many修饰名词复数,woman作定语时,woman与被修饰的名词都要变复数,women teachers女教师，故选C.27 .（2021 重庆统考中考真题）June 1 st isDay.A. ChildrenB. Children'sC. ChildD. Child's【答案】B【详解】句意:六月一日是儿童节.考查名词所有格中节日的表达Children's Day儿童节，固定表达.故选B.28 .（2021 江苏连云港统考中考真题）TheLianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to thepublic this year.A. 180 kilometer longB.180 kilometers longC. 180-kilometer-longD. 180-kilometers-long【答案】c【详解】句意:长18。公里的连云港至徐州高铁今年向公众开放.考查名词作定语.此处作定语，排除AB;含有连字符的名词短语作定语，名词需要用单数,故选C.29 .（2021 湖南岳阳统考中考真题）We see somerising into the air at the opening of our new library.A. balloonsB. balloonC. balloones【答案】A【详解】句意:在我们新图书馆的开馆仪式上，我们看到一些气球升到空中.考查名词复数.balloon可数名词,此前有some修饰，使用名词复数,balloon的复数是balloons,故选A.30 .（2021 湖北恩施统考中考真题）My uncle works in a hospital, and he is a.A. doctorsB. nursesC. doctor【答案】C【详解】句意:我的叔叔在医院工作，他是一名医生.考查名词辨析doctors医生，复数形式;nurses护士，复数形式;doctor医生，单数形式.冠词a修饰名词的单数形式, 故选C.(2) class, police, people等集体名词,常以复数形式出现.衔接知新知识清单1 .名词单数变复数的不规则变化(1)单复数同形，如:deer -deer, Chinese-Chinese.单复数不同形，如:child-children, tooth-teeth.2 .不可数名词的复数形式不可数名词的复数形式，也可以说是不可数名词的量化,有两种方式：(1)用 much, a little, some 等词修饰.用“数字+量词+of+不可数名词”表示，变复数形式时只需把其中的量词的单数形式变为复数形式，如:two cups of tea 两杯茶.3 .名词所有格名词所有格的构成类别构成方法示例单数名词加kBob's sister Bob的姐姐/妹妹复数名词以-s结尾加，the boys，books男孩子们的书不以-s结尾加，sChildren's Day 儿童节名词所有格的用法表示有生命的事物的所有关系，如:Jacks car Jack的汽车；如果某人或某物为两个或两个以上的人共有，只需把最后一个名词变为所有格，如:Mr. and Mrs. Green*sdaughter Green先生和Green太太的女儿;如果为各自所有,则每个名词都要变所有格，如:Jim's and Grace's rooms Jim 的房间和 Grace 的房间；表示天气、时间、距离、国家等的名词的所有格也常用's表示，如:China's cities中国的城市.过关检测典题精讲例2用所给词的正确形式填空(1 )There are twenty(shoe shop) in our town.(2) A lot of(German) come to China to learn Chinese every year.答案(1) shoe shops (2) Germans【思路解析】(1)名词也可作定语修饰其他的名词,但在变复数时只变后面的名词即可，如:apple trees苹果树.(2)a lot of意为“很多;后面要接名词的复数形式.German德国人，要注意其复数形式与man, woman的复数形 式的区别.走出误区做第(2)题时，你可能会联系到woman-women, man-men的复数变化规则，以为German的复数是Germen.其实对于“某国人”的名词复数形式变化可巧记为“中日不变英法变,其他国人都把-s添”.例3翻译句子我想要两杯咖啡.【答案】I want two cups of coffee.【思路解析】这道题主要考查不可数名词的量化.“咖I啡”是不可数名词，不可数名词一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式.有些不可数名词可以借助量词来表示一定的数量，即把量词的单数形式变为复数形式.即时演练1 ,写出下列名词的复数形式benchfoxsheepfamilymouse【答案】benches brushes kisses erasers mice fishes/fish geese2 .用所给单词的正确形式填空brushmanwomandayfishfoxes men roofs sheepkissroofwatcherasergoosewomen watches families days(1 )There are so many(wolf) in the forest.(2) These(tomato) are red and big.(3) My mother wants to buy a new pair of(shoe) for me.(4)1 want two(piece) of bread.(5)Many(child) are in the garden.【答案】(l)wolves(2)tomatoes(3)shoes【解析】“一双鞋”是成对的，要用复数形式.(4) pieces【解析】bread是不可数名词，表达两片面包时，量词piece要用复数形式.(5)children领先训练与；强化基础L根据汉语意思把下列句子补充完整1 1) They are(Peter 的老师和 Sam 的老师).(2)(教师节)is on September 10th.(3)(学生们的桌椅)are very new.(4)We are very happy on(儿童节).【答案】(1) Peter's and Samk teachers【解析】are是突破口，说明主语是复数，表达的是两者各自所有,要在每 个名词后加飞”.Teachers' Day【解析】以-s结尾的复数名词，只力口")”变所有格;同时注意,教师节属于专有名词，每个单词的 首字母都要大写.The students'desks and chairs【解析】在名词前加上the,表示特指.(4)Children,s Day【解析】不是以s结尾的复数名词，仍加“"g”变所有格.2 .用所给词的正确形式填空(1) March 8th is(woman) Day.(2)There are sixty(minute) in an hour.(3) This is(Lucy and Lily) room.(4) The room is(Gina).【答案】Womerfs (2)minutesLucy and Lily*【解析】从is可以看出主语是单数，表示两人共有，只在后一个名词末尾加“C(4)Gina's3 .根据汉语意思完成句子他是Kate和Dave的爸爸.He isfather.我喜欢沙拉，但是他喜欢鸡肉.I like, but he likes.他是我爸爸的一个朋友.He is a friend of.【答案】(l)KateandDavek【解析】要注意两者共有的名词所有格的用法.salad chicken【解析】“沙拉""鸡内''在这里都是不可数名词.(3)my father's领先巩固4 .按要求完成下列句子(1)1 can see two photos on the wall.(对画线部分提问) photos can you see on the wall?(2)我想去长城.(补充翻译)I want to go to.This is a plane.(改写成复数句子)(4)我想要两杯橘子汁.(补充翻译)I want.【答案】(l)Howmany (2)the Great Wall(3)These are some planes(4)two glasses of orange juice【解析】这是在考查不可数名词的量化表达形式.变复数时只把量词变复数.5 .单项选择()(1 )We eat in summer. It*s cool(凉的).A. meatB. bananas()(2)-What do we need for the salad?-We need two apples and three.A.eggB. tomatoes()(3)1 don,t like.A. fruitB. banana()(4)-Would you like some drinks, boys?-Yes,please.A. some orangesB. two glasses of oranges()(5)My pen is black.is blue.C.ice creamD. childrenC. pearD. bananaC. pearD. tomatoC. two pieces of bread D. two glasses of orangeA. KatesB. KateC. Kate'sD. Kates1()(6)-Who is the man in the blue car?He isbrother.A. Kate's and Mary'sB. Kate and Mary'sC. Kate and MaryD. of Kate and Mary( )(7)Every morning, Mr. Smith takes a.to his office.A.20 minutes walkB.20 minute's walkC.20 minutes* walksD.20 minutes1 walk()(8)-Whatbowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?-A large bowl of beef noodles, please.A. colorB. priceC. sizeD. kind【答案】(l)C(2)B解析】three后面接复数名词.(3) A【解析】可数名词表示一类物品时，必须用复数形式,B、C、D项不正确.(4)D【解析】从问句some drinks可知答句应该用复数形式;orange在这里意为“橙汁”，是不可数名词，它的复数形式是把量词变为复数.(5)C【解析】句意:我的钢笔是黑色的，凯特的是蓝色的.(6)B【解析】brother是单数，可知这是表示两者共有,只在后一个名词末尾加飞：D【解析】根据“一段20分钟的路程“可知要用名词所有格形式,20 minutes是以s结尾的复数名词,在其后 加3即为所有格，且a后面接单数名词，用walk.C【解析】从答句一大碗”可以知道问的是size尺寸培优挑战6.阅读短文，回答问题Streets of WaterThere is a city in the world. People do not drive cars in that city. It is called Venice(威尼斯).Venice is in Italy. There are no streets in Venice. But there are canals(运7可)The canals look like streets. There is much water in those canals. In Venice, people ride around the city in boats. Your father and mother may ride in a bus to work. In Venice, fathers and mothers ride in boats.( )(l)There are many in Venice.C.roadsA. canalsB. streets()(2)The canals look like.A. waterB. streetsC. boats()(3)There,swater in the canals.A. littleB. muchC. many( )(4)In Venice, people oftenA. ride a bikeB. ride a horseC. ride in boats【答案】（1）A【解析】文句:There are no streets in Venice. But there are canals.成尼斯没有街道,但是有运河.B【解析】文句:The canals look like streets.运河看起来像街道.look like意为“看起来像B【解析】文句:There is much water in those canals.那些运河里有很乡的水.（4）C【解析】文句:In Venice, fathers and mothers ride in boats,在成尼斯，爸爸妈妈们都是乘船.B:中考链接:1 .（2022广西桂林统考中考真题）Bill has got two.A. sisterB. brothersC. student【答案】B【详解】句意:比尔有两个兄弟.考查名词复数.sister姐妹;brothers兄弟们;student学生.two修饰可数名词复数，故选B.2 .（2022湖南益阳统考中考真题）Look! There are some eating grass on the hill.A. sheepB.cowC. horse【答案】A【详解】句意:看！有一些绵羊在山上吃草.考查名词辨析.sheep绵羊;cow奶牛;horse马,根据"some”可知其后用可数名词复数,sheep单复数同形淇他选 项均为单数.故选A.3 .（2022湖南湘西统考中考真题）I'm not hungry at all because I just ate much.A. applesB. bananasC. bread【答案】c【详解】句意:我一点儿也不饿因为我刚吃了许多面包.考查名词辨析.apples苹果，可数名词复数;bananas香蕉，可数名词复数;bread面包，不可数名词.根据“much”可知 此处用不可数名词.故选C.4 .（2022黑龙江哈尔滨统考中考真题）Theis China's national treasure. Ifs a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.A. pandaB. tigerC. elephant【答案】A【详解】句意:熊猫是中国的国宝.它是一种喜欢吃竹子的可爱动物.考查名词辨析.panda 熊猫;tiger 老虎;elephant 大象.根据"China's national treasure”和"It's a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.”可知，此处指熊猫.故选A.5 .（2022重庆统考中考真题）This year, the family went camping on Day, June 1st.A. ChildB. Child'sC. ChildrenD. Children's【答案】D【详解】句意:今年,全家在6月1日儿童节去露营.考查名词所有格.由语境可知，此处指“儿童节”，英文表达为“Children's Day7故选D.6 .（2022西藏统考中考真题）More and morewant to learn about Chinese culture.A. GermansB. GermanC. GermanyD. Germans9【答案】A【详解】句意:越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化.考查词义辨析和名词复数.Germans德国人，名词复数;German德国人，名词单数;Germany德国;Germans，表述 错误."More and more”修饰可数名词复数，指人想了解中国文化.故选A.7 .（2022湖南邵阳统考中考真题）-Would you like some?-Yes, madam.A.eggB. juiceC. milk teas【答案】B【详解】句意:你想要些果汁吗?是的,夫人.考查名词辨析.egg鸡蛋;juice果汁;milk teas错误表达，奶茶是不可数名词，不可以加s. some修饰可数名词复数 或不可数名词，只有B选项符合，故选B.8 .（2022黑龙江哈尔滨统考中考真题）-There will betomorrow. We can't eat out.-Well, we have to stay at home.A. rainyB. rainC. raining【答案】B【详解句意:明天会下雨.我们不能在外面吃饭.嗯,我们必须呆在家里.考查there be用法.rainy下雨的;rain下雨,雨水;raining动名词形式.此处是there be句型,空处填的应是名词,rain 符合语境，故选B.9 .（2022江苏徐州统考中考真题）From myon the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of ourcity.A. traditionB. conditionC. positionD. situation【答案】C【详解】句意:从我在电视塔顶部的位置，我可以完美地看到我们的城市.考查名词辨析.tradition 传统;condition 条件;position 位置;situation 形式，情况.根据"on the top of the TV tower/9 可知，此处是要表示一个位置.故选C.10 .（2022黑龙江绥化统考中考真题）father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.A. Tony and Peter's B. Tony's and PeterC. Tony's and Peter9s【答案】A【详解】句意:托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员.他去过世界上许多国家.考查名词所有格.根据"fatheb可知，此处指两个人共有的爸爸，在后一个人名后加§故选A.11 .（2022黑龙江绥化统考中考真题）With the introduction of the “double reduction, policy （双减政策），one of the that the students have less homework.A. changes; isB. change; isC. changes; are【答案】A【详解】句意:随着“双减”政策的出台，其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了.考查名词复数和主谓一致.one of+名词复数，排除B;one of加名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数.故选A.12 .（2022甘肃定西统考中考真题）Therang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.A. telephoneB. doorbellC. clockD. bike【答案】A【详解】句意:电话铃响了,帕特接了电话.是他儿子从纽约打来的.考查名词辨析.tel叩hone电话;doorbell门铃;clock时钟;bike自行车.结合语境和卜一句"It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来，所以应该是电话铃声响了 .故选A.13 .（2022山东滨州统考中考真题）-How did you put together the model plane so perfectly?-It's easy. I just followed the.A. instructionsB. instrumentsC. interviewsD. inventions【答案】A【详解】句意:一你怎样把那航空模型拼得那么完美？一容易,我就是按照说明做的.A. instructions说明;B.