初中英语人教新目标七年级下册全册单元知识点整理.doc

七年级英语下册知识点Unit 1 一、重点短语1.at the old people's home在敬老院 2.be good at 擅长3.be good with old people与老人相处得好e and show us来给我们展示一下5.do Chinese kung fu表演中国功夫6.English-speaking students说英语的学生7.help with sth在某方面提供帮助8.in the music room在音乐室9.in the school music club在校音乐俱乐部10.in the school show在学校汇演中11.join the swimming club加入游泳 俱乐部12.like drawing/like to draw喜欢画画13.make friends with sb.和某人交朋友14.musicians wanted 招聘音乐家15.need help to teach music需要帮助去教音乐16.on the weekend/on weekends(在)周末17.play chess下国际象棋 18.play the drums敲鼓19.play the guitar弹吉他20.play the piano 弹钢琴21.play the violin 拉小提琴22.students wanted for the school show为学校演出招募学生23.tell stories讲故事24.the story telling club讲故事俱乐部25.talk with sb.about sth.和某人谈论某事二、重点句型1.Can you play the guitar or the violin？你会弹吉他还是拉小提琴？I can play the guitar.我会弹吉他。2.Can you play the guitar and the violin？ 你会弹吉他和拉小提琴吗？Yes, I can./No, I can't.是的，我会。/不，我不会。3.What can he do？他会干什么？He can play chess.他会下国际象棋。4.What club do you want to join？你想参加什么俱乐部？I want to join the swimming club.我想参加游泳俱乐部。5.Bill can tell stories, but he can't write stories.比尔会讲故事，但是他不会写故事。6.Then you can be in our school music festival.那么你可以参加我们学校的音乐节。7.We can sing English songs well.我们可以把英文歌唱得很好。8.I can speak English and I can also play soccer.我会说英语，我也会踢足球。9.Lisa wants to join the music club, but she can't play the guitar.莉萨想加入音乐俱乐部，但她不会弹吉他。10.I am in the school music club.我在学校音乐俱乐部。11.Come and show us！来展示给我们看吧！12.We are good with old people.我们跟老人相处得很好。13.We need you to help with sports for English­speaking students.我们需要你帮助说英语的学生开展体育活动。14.Please call Mrs.Miller at 5553721.请拨打555­3721与米勒夫人联系。15.Please talk to Mr.Zhang after school.请放学后与张先生联系。三、词法精选1.the music/art/English club音乐/美术/英语俱乐部如：the sports club运动俱乐部the singing/dancing/swimming club唱歌/跳舞/游泳俱乐部2.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事还可以说 help sb.with sth.如：She helps us (to) learn English.She helps us with our English.她帮助我们学英语。3.be good with/to/at/for(1)be good with 意为“与某人相处得好”。如：She is good with us.她和我们友好相处。(2)be good to sb.意为“对某人好”。如：Our teacher is good to us.我们的老师对我们很好。(3)be good at sth./doing sth.意为“擅长”。如：She is good at English.她擅长英语。She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。(4)be good for sb./sth.意为“对有好处”。如：Healthy food is good for us.健康的食物对我们有好处。Playing computer games isn't good for our eyes.玩电脑游戏对我们的眼睛没有好处。四、句法精析 1.I can speak English and I can also play soccer.我会说英语，而且我也会踢足球。and, but与or的区别：and是并列连词，连接词与词或者句与句；but表示转折；or表示选择或用于否定句和疑问句中的连接。如：I like apples and pears.我喜欢苹果和梨。Jim can play the violin, but he can't play it well.吉姆会拉小提琴，但是拉得不好。Can you sing or dance?你会唱歌或跳舞吗？I can't sing or dance.我不会唱歌和跳舞。2.Lisa wants to join the chess club.丽萨想要加入国际象棋俱乐部。want是动词，意为“要；想要”。常用结构：want sth.想要某物；want to do sth.想要做某事；want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事。如：I want a cake for my birthday.我想要一个生日蛋糕。He wants me to go with him.他想让我跟他一起走。He wants to help me.他想要帮助我。3.We want students for the school show.我们想要学生来参加学校的演出。(1)show作名词时，意为“演出；表演”，是可数名词。还可意为“展览”，常构成短语on show，意为“在展览”。如：Do you like the talent show?你喜欢这场才艺表演吗？I like the things on show over there.我喜欢在那里展出的东西。(2)show作动词时，意为“展出；给看”，常见的结构有：1)show sb.sth.(show sth.to sb.) 给某人看某物。如：Let me show you this new book I've just bought.给你看看我刚买的这本新书。2)show sb.around 带领某人参观。如：I will show you around our school.我会带你参观我们的学校。五、语法精讲 情态动词can的用法小结(1)can 作情态动词时，意为“能；会”，表示能力，没有人称和数的变化，即不管主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数，都用can，其后的动词用原形。其疑问句经常用来询问对方做某事的能力或表示请求。如：He can speak English.他会说英语。(2)含有情态动词can的句子有不同的句式：1)肯定句：主语can动词原形其他。2)否定句：主语can't动词原形其他。3)一般疑问句：Can主语动词原形其他？，其肯定回答为：Yes，主语can.；否定回答为：No，主语can't.。4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词can主语动词原形其他？如：She can play the piano.她会弹钢琴。She can't play the piano.她不会弹钢琴。Can she play the piano？她会弹钢琴吗？What can they do？他们会干什么？Unit 2 一、重点短语1.a lot of/lots of大量；许多2.after (eating) breakfast(吃过)早饭后3.at a quarter past three in the afternoon在下午三点一刻4.at a quarter to ten in the evening在晚上9：455.at half past six in the morning在早上6：306.at night在晚上7.be good for health 对健康有益8.be late for school 上学迟到9.be late for work上班迟到10.brush one's teeth刷牙11.clean one's room打扫房间12.do one's homework做作业13.have breakfast 吃早饭14.have lunch午饭15.have dinner 晚饭16.either.or .要么要么17.from Monday to Friday从周一到周五18.get dressed穿上衣服19.get home from school从学校回到家20.get home from work 从学校回到家21.get to school到校22.get up early起得早23.go to bed late 晚睡24.half an hour半小时25.have a healthy life有健康的生活26.have an interesting job有一份有趣的工作27.take a walk散步28.on school nights在上学的晚上29.take a shower洗淋浴30.work at a radio station在电台工二、重点句型1.What time/When do you usually exercise？你通常什么时候锻炼？I usually exercise at five o'clock.我通常在5点锻炼。2.What time/When does he go to work？他什么时候去上班？He always goes to work at eight o'clock.他总是在8点去上班。3.That's a funny time for breakfast！多么滑稽的早餐时间啊！4.When do students usually eat dinner？学生们通常什么时候吃晚饭？They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.他们通常在晚上6：45吃晚饭。5.I don't have much time for breakfast, so I usually eat very quickly.我没有太多时间吃早饭，所以我通常吃得很快。6.In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.在晚上，我或者看电视或者玩电脑游戏。7.She knows it's not good for her, but it tastes good!她知道这对她来说没有好处，但是它尝起来是美味的！8.He/She is never late for the first class in the morning.他/她从来不在上午第一节课迟到。9.After school, I sometimes play basketball for half an hour.放学后，我有时打半个小时的篮球。三、词法精选1.get to school 到学校get意为“到达”，后面跟名词时要加to，跟副词不加to。如：get home from school 从学校回到家， get to my home 到达我家，get here 到这儿， get there到那儿。arrive at 到达小地方， arrive in 到达城镇等大地方reach +地点 到达某地arrive 为不及物动词，可单独使用。 如：When you arrive, pleas call me.2.I want to be healthy.我想要变得健康。healthy意为“健康的”，修饰名词作定语或作表语，反义词是unhealthy，名词是health。如：I have a very healthy life.我拥有十分健康的生活。We must do exercise to keep healthy.我们必须锻炼身体来保持健康。Doing morning exercises is good for our health.做早操对我们的健康有好处。四、句法精析 1.What time do you usually get up？When do you usually get up?你通常什么时候起床？I usually get up at six thirty.我通常六点半起床。usually为频率副词，意为“通常”，一般放在动词前面或者助动词之后。其他的频率副词还有：always总是；often经常；sometimes有时候；never从不。2.That's a funny time for breakfast.那个时间吃早饭真有意思。相当于What a funny time for breakfast!3.In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.晚上，我要么看电视，要么玩电脑游戏。(1)作“或者”讲，常构成短语：either.or.，意为“要么要么；或者或者”。使用时如果连接两个主语，谓语动词要与or后面的主语保持一致，这就是我们通常所说的“就近原则”。如：Either you or I am right on this question.在这个问题上，要么你对，要么我对。(2)作“也”讲，用在否定句句末加强语气。如：She doesn't like dancing, either.她也不喜欢跳舞。(3)either还可以表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。如：You can park on either side of the road.这条路的两边都可以停车。4.She knows it's not good for her, but it tastes good! 她知道这对她身体不好，但它(冰激凌)很好吃！be good for 意为“对有益；对有好处”；其反义短语为be bad for，意为“对有害；对有坏处”。如：Eating more vegetables is good for you.多吃蔬菜对你有好处。Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。五、语法精讲 时间的表达对时间的提问：What's the time？/What time is it? 几点了？回答可用多种方式：如：“五点钟”可说It's five./It's five o'clock./It's 5：00./It's 5：00 a.m./It's 5 p.m./It's about five o'clock./It's around five o'clock.“几点几分”可用两个基数词表示，也可用past或者to表达时间。如：6：05 six o five/five minutes past six7：10 seven ten/ten past seven8：15 eight fifteen/a quarter past eight11：30 eleven thirty/half past eleven12：35 twelve thirty­five/twenty­five to one在钟点前用介词at。如：at half past six 在六点半Unit 3 一、重点短语1.a bus station地铁/公共汽车/火车站2.about 15 minutes by bike骑自行车大约十五分钟3.an 8-year-old boy一个8岁的男孩4.be afraid害怕5.be like像6.be not sure不确定7.between.and.在和之间e true 实现；成为现实9.cross the river 过河10.drive to work开车去上班11.every school day每个上学的日子12.five kilometers from school离学校五公里远13.for many students对许多学生来说14.go on a ropeway滑索道15.go to school by bike 骑自行车去上学16.go to school in my father's car 坐我父亲的车去上学17.go to school on the school bus18.go to shcool on a small boat19.have a good day度过愉快的一天29.in a village在一个村里21.one hundred and ninety-nine一百九十九22.ride a bike to school骑自行车去学校23.take the bus to school公共汽车去学校24.take the subway to school乘地铁去学校25.take the train to Beijing 乘火车去北京26.thanks for your last email谢谢你上次的邮件27.the bus ride (乘)公共汽车的路程28.the villagers' dream村民们的梦想29.think of认为；想起30.walk to school 步行去学校二、重点句型1.How do you get to school？你如何去学校？I ride my bike to school./I get to school by bike.我骑自行车去学校。2.How does she get to school？她如何去学校？She usually takes the bus.她通常坐公共汽车。3.How long does it take (you) to get to school？(你)到学校要多久？It takes about 15 minutes.大约15分钟。4.How far is it from your home to school？你家离学校有多远？It's only about two kilometers.大约只有两公里。/It's only about 5 minutes' walk.走路大约只有5分钟路程。5.Does Jane take the bus to school？简乘公共汽车去学校吗？No, she doesn't.She walks to school.不，她是步行去学校的。6.The bus ride takes about 20 minutes.乘公共汽车需要大约20分钟。7.He lives about eighty kilometers from school.他住在距离学校约80公里远的地方。8.He needs about an hour to get to school.他大约需要一个小时到学校。9.Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.玛丽想知道他对这次旅行的看法。10.For many students, it is easy to get to school.对于许多学生来说，去学校是容易的。11.There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats.(河上)没有桥梁，而且河水湍急，不宜小船摆渡。12.It is their dream to have a bridge.拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。三、词法精选1.leave the village 离开村庄leave意为“离开”，后面跟表示地方的名词，如：leave home 离开家。表示“离开去某地”，要在名词前加for，如：leave for Shanghai启程去上海。2.be afraid恐怕；害怕afraid 是形容词，意为“害怕的；惧怕的”。be afraid of sth.害怕某事；be afraid of doing sth.be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事；be afraid (that) .恐怕(因为要说不受欢迎的话而用的客套语)。如：I am afraid of snakes.我害怕蛇。I'm afraid of having a test.I'm afraid to have a test.我害怕考试。I'm afraid (that) I can't go with you.我恐怕不能和你一起去。3.from home to school 从家到学校from.to.意为“从到”，连接两个相同的成分，如：from Hangzhou to Shanghai从杭州到上海，from 9：00 to 11：00 从九点到十一点，from Jim to Mary 从吉姆到玛丽。四、句法精析 1.It isadj./n.to do sth.做某事是如：For many students, it's easy to get to school.对大多数学生来说，到达学校是容易的。It's their dream to have a bridge.拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。2.Thanks forn./v.ing.感谢你(做)某事。如：Thanks for your last email.感谢你最近的电子邮件。Thanks for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。3.Can their dream come true? 他们的梦想能实现吗？come true意为“实现”，是不及物动词短语，因此不能说come true the dream。如：I think my dream can come true.我想我的梦想一定能实现。4.I want to know where Bob lives.我想知道鲍勃住哪里。know后面跟一个句子作宾语，叫宾语从句，要用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。如：Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗？I know how you feel.我知道你的感受。I want to know what he thinks of the trip.我想知道他对这次旅行的看法。五、语法精讲 How引导的特殊疑问句(1)用来对做某事的方式进行提问。如：How do you get to school？你怎样去学校？On foot.走路去。(2)how far意为“多远”，用来询问距离或路程的远近。常用句型有：“How far is it from A to B？”“How far is B from A？”，意为“从A到B有多远？”，其回答为：1)It's.meters/kilometers/miles (away).2)It's about数词minutes' walk/ride.3)It's about数词minutes on foot/by bus.(3)how long意为“多久”，用来对时间长短进行提问，通常指某个动作所持续时间的长短。如：How long does it take you to finish your homework every day?你每天需要多久完成家庭作业？About two hours.大约两个小时。how long还可对物品的长度进行提问，意为“多长”。如：How long is the ruler?这把尺子多长？It's about 20 centimeters.大约20厘米。(4)how soon意为“多久”，主要对一段时间进行提问，用于将来时中。如：How soon will you come back?你多久会回来？In two weeks.两个星期后。(5)how often意为“多久一次”，表频率。如：How often do you go there?你多久去那儿一次？Twice a week.一星期两次。 Unit 4 一、重点短语 arrive late for class上课迟到after breakfast早饭后after that 在那之后be quiet in the library在图书馆保持安静be strict with sb in sth 在某方面对某人严格bring music players to school把音乐播放器带到学校来do the dishes清洗餐具eat outside在外面吃feel/be terrible感到/是很糟糕的fight with sb 和某人打架follow the rules遵守规则go to bed before 10：00 10点之前睡觉have more rules有更多规则have to clean the classroom必须打扫教室have to wear a school uniform必须穿校服have too many rules有太多规章制度help his mom make breakfast帮他妈妈做早饭in the dining hall在餐厅in the music room在音乐室keep my hair short留短发know how you feel知道你的感受learn to play the piano学会弹钢琴make one's bed铺床make rules制定规章制度on school days 在上学日on school nights在上学晚上practice (playing) the guitar练习(弹)吉他read books/read a book读书run in the hallways在走廊上跑some of the rules其中一些规章制度二、重点句型重点句型1.What are the rules at your school？在你们学校有什么规章制度？We can't arrive late for class./We must be on time for class.我们上课不能迟到。/我们必须准时上课。2.Can we eat in the classroom？我们能在教室里吃东西吗？Yes, we can./No, we can't.是的，我们可以。/不，我们不能。3.Do you have to wear a uniform at school？你在学校必须穿校服吗？Yes, I do./No, I don't.是的，我要。/不，我不用。4.What do you have to do？你们必须做什么？We have to be quiet in the library.我们在图书馆里必须保持安静。5.Don't go out on school nights.不要在上学期间的晚上出去。6.Don't listen to music in the classroom.不要在教室里听音乐。7.Don't be noisy in class.上课不能吵闹。8.I can't play basketball after school.放学后我不能打篮球。9.You can watch TV after you read a book.看过一本书后你可以看电视。10.There are a lot of things (that) you can do.你可以做很多事情。11.We can't listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.我们不可以在走廊里听音乐，但在外面可以听。12.After dinner, I can't relax, either.晚饭后我也不能放松。三、词法精选词法精选1.have more rules有更多的规定more是much和many的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。如：more water 更多水， more friends 更多朋友。2.practice the guitar练习吉他practice 意为“练习”，可作动词，后面跟名词或者动名词，也可作名词，不可数。如：practice playing the guitar练习弹吉他，do a lot of practice 做很多练习。3.make one's bed铺床也可以说make the bed, 但make a bed意为“制作一张床”。4.be strict严格的be strict with sb.对某人严格要求， be strict in sth.在某方面严格要求。如：Our teacher is very strict with us in our studies.我们的老师在学习上对我们严格要求。四、句法精析1.What are the rules? 规章制度是什么？We must be on time.我们必须守时。must意为“必须；一定”，是情态动词，后面接动词原形。如果后面是介词短语或者形容词，则需加be。如：We must follow the rules.我们必须遵守规定。He must be in the classroom.他一定是在教室里。You must be hungry.你一定是饿了。2.I have to learn to play the piano.我不得不学习弹钢琴。learn to do sth.意为“学会做某事”。动词不定式作宾语。用动词充当宾语、状语等，可用动词不定式，即to动词原形。本单元中出现的还有：go to the kitchen to get food for Grandpa 去厨房为爷爷拿食物，it's best to do sth.最好做某事，help my mom (to) make dinner 帮助我妈妈做饭，make rules to help us 制定规章制度来帮助我们。五 语法精讲 1.祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。通常有以下几种形式。1)Be型(即：动词原型be表语其他)。如：Be quiet, please.请安静。否定句Don'tbe表语其他。如：Don't be angry.不要生气。2)Do型(即：实义动词原形宾语其他)。如：Open the window, please.请打开窗。Remember they make rules to help us.记住他们制定规章制度是为了帮助我们。否定句Don't实义动词原形宾语其他。如：Don't talk in class.不要在课堂上讲话。3)Let型(即Let宾语动词原形其他)。如：Let me help you.让我帮助你。Let's go home at six o'clock.我们六点回家吧。否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：Let him not watch TV.不要让他看电视。4)Nov.ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事”)。如：No smoking! 严禁吸烟！No parking! 不许停车2.have to 的用法have to意为“必须；不得不”，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。1)结构：主语have to动词原形其他一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to。如：We have to wear sports shoes for P.E.class.在体育课上我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice (playing) the guitar every day.汤姆每天必须练习弹吉他。I have to get up at 6：30 a.m.on school days.在上学的日子里，我不得