精品解析：2024届山东省淄博市高三下学期一模英语试题 （解析版）.docx

淄博市 2023-2024 学年度高三模拟考试英语2024年3月注意事项: 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上，并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。 因笔试不考听力，试卷从第二部分开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点除黑; 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上，如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案; 不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分 37.5分)阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AGood evening everyone!I hope to pick your brain on potential advertising strategies and gaining new customers for my boyfriends car repair shop.He has been in business for 3 years and is fairly successful, but we are trying to increase the number of chargeable hours. While he was doing repair work, I took over all the administrative duties. The first thing on my to-do list was to get him on social media. I was floored that he had no social media presence, which is not surprising considering he is old school.Now, he has a business Facebook page and an Instagram account, although it may not be worth much yet. We are working on a weekly “feature” for both platforms in order to create some interest. He doesnt want to do coupons (优惠券) or discounts or anything like that, and I understand why. His labor rate is already significantly lower than anyone else in the area, and his overall costs are lower as well. This is where I am a bit losthow can we effectively attract more customers without a hook? My guess would be focusing on the value, but Im not sure how well that will work out.We are considering sending postcards as well since he already cooperates with a few local shops who send their large jobs to him and such. However, I am unsure about Facebook marketing, but definitely open.1. What was scheduled first to promote business?A. Working out a weekly feature.B. Increasing chargeable hours.C. Establishing his presence online.D. Visiting his old school.2. How might they attract new clients?A. By raising labor rates.B. By offering discounts and coupons.C. By cutting overall costs.D. By highlighting the value of services.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To offer information.B. To seek advice.C. To show advantages.D. To find cooperation.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了作者的广告策略和为男朋友的汽车修理店争取新客户所做出的努力，并向读者就潜在的广告策略和为男朋友的汽车修理店争取新客户寻求建议。【1题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“The first thing on my to-do list was to get him on social media. I was floored that he had no social media presence, which is not surprising considering he is old school. (我要做的第一件事就是让他上社交媒体。我很惊讶他没有社交媒体，考虑到他是一个守旧的人，这并不奇怪。)”和第四段“Now, he has a business Facebook page and an Instagram account, although it may not be worth much yet. We are working on a weekly “feature” for both platforms in order to create some interest. (现在，他有了一个商业Facebook页面和一个Instagram账户，尽管它可能还不值钱。我们正在为这两个平台每周推出一个“特色”，以引起人们的兴趣。)”可知，作者首先安排了在网上建立男朋友的形象来促进业务。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章第五段中“This is where I am a bit losthow can we effectively attract more customers without a hook? My guess would be focusing on the value, but Im not sure how well that will work out. (这是我有点困惑的地方我们如何在没有钩子的情况下有效地吸引更多客户?我的猜测是关注价值，但我不确 定这能有多好。)”可知，他们通过强调服务的价值吸引新客户。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“I hope to pick your brain on potential advertising strategies and gaining new customers for my boyfriends car repair shop. (我希望就潜在的广告策略和为我男朋友的汽车修理店争取新客户向你请教。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是寻求建议。故选B。BThere was no way to escape when they spotted a polar bear. Verena Mohaupt and a handful of colleagues were trapped on a floating sea ice while the bear gazed at them, smelling the air, a dangerous sign.“Thats when everything kicks in,” Mohaupt says, “and you focus on whats important.” As a colleague fired into the sky as a warning shot, Mohaupt radioed their research ship a few kilometres away, whose helicopter luckily arrived quickly and Mohaupt didnt have to use the gun that was hanging over her shoulder.Keeping a lookout for bears was a regular duty for Mohaupt, the logistics coordinator(后勤协调员) for a year-long mission known as the MOSAiCthe largest Arctic research exploration in history. The project, consisting of roughly 300 scientists, led by scientist MarkusRex, has collected massive measurements that will help better forecast how warming will transform the globe in the coming decades. For months, the exploration operated in constant darkness while polar bears wandered nearby, storms rocked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began to melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare for researchers who needed to keep their instruments from sinking. Tasked with the security of the mission, Mohaupt designed an extensive training course for the participants in which they learnt how to avoid the danger, like storm-rocking and ice-cracking. They jumped into a Norwegian channel in their survival suits and climbed out of the freezing waters using only their ice picks. They learnt how to escape from a crashed helicopter. And they discussed the psychological effects of being far from home. Mohaupt brought knitting equipment, yoga mats and a violin for their men tal healthalthough having been prepared for the isolation.Mohaupt didnt expect a career in polar regions, but says she has always been drawn to the north. “She was there to make sure that we were protected,” says Markus Rex, “Mohaupt is certainly the champion in the field.”4. Why does the author mention a polar bear in the beginning?A. To show the threat of bears.B. To tell an interesting story.C. To introduce Mohaupts job.D. To describe the polar scenery.5. What can we know from paragraph 3?A. The working conditions were tough.B. Mohaupt helped to collect massive data. C. The exploration went on in total darkness.D. Mohaupts duty was to protect polar bears.6. Which of the following best describes Mohaupt?A. Ambitious and brave.B. Passionate and dependent.C. Considerate and modest.D. Professional and responsible.7. What is a suitable title for the text?A. A Potential Danger in the Exploration.B. A Guardian Angel of Polar Researchers.C. A Great Scientific Exploration in History.D. A Great Female Scientist in Polar Research.【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B【解析】【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一名负责历史上最大的北极研究探险队安全任务的后勤协调员Verena Mohaupt。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Keeping a lookout for bears was a regular duty for Mohaupt, the logistics coordinator(后勤协调员) for a year-long mission known as the MOSAiCthe largest Arctic research exploration in history.”（Mohaupt是一名后勤协调员，负责为期一年的MOSAiC任务，这是历史上最大的北极研究探险。），并结合前两段对遇到北极熊时，Mohaupt应对方式的描述可知，作者在开头提到北极熊，是为了介绍Mohaupt的工作内容。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“For months, the exploration operated in constant darkness while polar bears wandered nearby, storms rocked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began to melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare for researchers who needed to keep their instruments from sinking.”（几个月来，探险一直在黑暗中进行，北极熊在附近游荡，风暴摇晃着船，冰在移动和破裂。然后，当太阳返回时，冰开始融化，对需要防止仪器下沉的研究人员来说，这是一场危及生命的危险和噩梦。）可知，探险工作的条件非常恶劣。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Tasked with the security of the mission, Mohaupt designed an extensive training course for the participants in which they learnt how to avoid the danger, like storm-rocking and ice-cracking.”（为了确保任务的安全，Mohaupt为参与者设计了一个广泛的培训课程，让他们学习如何避免危险，比如风暴摇晃和冰裂。）和“They learnt how to escape from a crashed helicopter. And they discussed the psychological effects of being far from home. Mohaupt brought knitting equipment, yoga mats and a violin for their men tal healthalthough having been prepared for the isolation.”（他们学会了如何从坠毁的直升机中逃生。他们还 讨论了远离家乡的心理影响。Mohaupt带来了编织设备、瑜伽垫和一把小提琴，以帮助他们的人保持心理健康尽管他们已经为隔离做好了准备。）可知，Mohaupt有着过硬的专业知识和技能，对工作认真负责。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“She was there to make sure that we were protected,” says Markus Rex, “Mohaupt is certainly the champion in the field.”（“她在那里确保我们受到保护，”Markus Rex说，“Mohaupt无疑是这个领域的冠军。”）和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Mohaupt这名负责历史上最大的北极研究探险队安全任务的优秀的后勤协调员，她是保护北极探险队成员的天使。故选B。CChances are youve heard the phrase “like a moth to a flame”and probably seen it in action at a nighttime fire or barbecue, too. It turns out, however, this age-old saying may not be quite right. Rather than being attracted to light, moths tendency to fly toward brightness is a behavioral response to help them determine which way is up, suggests a new study published in the journal Nature Communications.To avoid falling down to the ground, insects need to know which way is up, says study coauthor Yash Sondhi, a National Geographic Explorer. Without systems to maintain spatial (空间的) orientation, the brightness of the sky, even at night, has always been a strong indicator of “up”until artificial lights came along. If they mess that up, they start plummeting.Sondhi and a team of researchers set up experiments to investigate how different lights influence flight behavior. First, the researchers suspended a light bulb from a rope between two treesresembling a typical downward-pointing lightand in a separate test, they turned the light upward by mounting it on a tripod (三脚架). In both cases, insects leaned their winged backs to the bulb. But when the light was pointed up, the insects often bumped to the ground.What if the light is spread over a wide area? The researchers stretched a large white sheet across the tree and projected a UV light on it. If the insects were truly “attracted” to the light, they should fly up toward it. Instead, the insects cruised (巡航) straight through this illuminated corridor, flying how they would during the day. The team then placed the sheet on the ground and shined the light on it, which is when something truly odd happened: All these moths flying over it turned upside down and crashed out of the sky. Directionality of light is a huge factor in the pattern we have seen, not just brightness or color. “Artificial lights may cause a mismatch between the insects sense of which way is up and true direction of gravity, which spells trouble for insects population.” says Sondhi.8. What can be inferred about “like a moth to a flame” in the new study? A. A moth is generally attracted by a flame.B. Artificial lights are valuable for a moth.C. Brightness indicates up for a moth.D. A moth has a sense of direction.9. What does the underlined word “plummeting” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Crashing.B. Speeding.C. Freezing.D. Suspending.10. What lights influence insects most in the experiments?A. UV lights on the tree.B. Upward-pointing lights.C. Downward-pointing lights.D. Lights of different colors.11. What is Sondhis attitude toward artificial lights?A. Concerned.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Neutral.【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项科学研究表明蛾类向明亮方向飞行的倾向不是被光吸引，而是一种行为反应，帮助它们确定向上的方向。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Rather than being attracted to light, moths tendency to fly toward brightness is a behavioral response to help them determine which way is up,suggests a new study published in the journal Nature Communications.(发表在自然通讯杂志上的一项新研究表明，蛾类向明亮方向飞行的倾向不是被光吸引，而是一种行为反应，帮助它们确定向上的方向)”以及第二段的“To avoid falling down to the ground, insects need to know which way is up, says study coauthor Yash Sondhi, a National Geographic Explorer.(该研究的合著者、国家地理探险家Yash Sondhi说，为了避免摔倒在地，昆虫需要知道哪条路是向上的)”可知，昆虫需要知道哪条路是向上的，而光能够帮助它们确定向上的方向。由此可推知，在新的研究中，“飞蛾扑火”意味着光能够暗示飞蛾向上飞。故选C。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Without systems to maintain spatial (空间的) orientation, the brightness of the sky, even at night, has always been a strong indicator of “up”until artificial lights came along. (没有系统来维持空间方向，即使在晚上，天空的亮度也一直是“向上”的强烈指示直到人造灯出现)”可知，飞蛾不能辨别方向，天空的亮度一直指示着它向上飞行。人造灯的出现让他们出现了混乱，所以看到灯光，他们就会撞上去。所以划线单词的意思为“碰撞”。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“First, the researchers suspended a light bulb from a rope between two treesresembling a typical downward-pointing lightand in a separate test, they turned the light upward by mounting it on a tripod (三脚架). In both cases, insects leaned their winged backs to the bulb. But when the light was pointed up, the insects often bumped to the ground.(首先，研究人员将一个灯泡悬挂在两棵树之间的绳子上类似于典型的向下指向的灯在另一项测试中，他们将灯泡安装在三脚架上，将其向上转动。在这两种情况下，昆虫都把它们的翅膀背靠在球茎上。但当光线指向上方时，昆虫经常会撞到地上)”可知，向上指示的光线最能影响昆虫。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后第一段“Artificial lights may cause a mismatch between the insects sense of which way is up and true direction of gravity, which spells trouble for insects population.”says Sondhi.(“人造光可能会导致昆虫对向上方向和真实重力方向感觉不匹配，这给昆虫种群带来了麻烦。”Sondhi说)”可推知，Sondhi对人造光对昆虫的影响是担心的。故选A。DWould you rather watch a new movie, or an old favorite? Would you rather try a dish youve never had at a restaurant, or stick with something you know youll like? Researchers studying the “mere exposure effect” have found that we often prefer the familiar over the novel.People didnt need to experience a reward or positive outcome while around the objectsimply being exposed to the object would be enough to make people like it. To test this, social psychologist Robert Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud and varied how often participants read each word (up to 25 repetitions). Next, after reading the words, participants were asked to guess at the meaning of each word by filling out a rating scale (indicating how positive or negative they thought the meaning of the word was).He found that participants liked words that they had said more often, while words that participants hadnt read at all were rated more negatively, and words that had been read 25 times were rated highest. Just the me re exposure to the word was enough to make participant s like it more. One place where the me re exposure effect occurs is in advertising. It explains why seeing the same advertisement multiple times could be more convincing than just seeing it once. Of course, theres a caution here:the me re exposure effect doesnt happen for things we initially dislike. Researchers have found that our liking for a variety of things (including pictures, sounds, foods, and smells) can be increased with repeated exposure, suggesting that the mere exposure effect isnt limited to just one of our senses. Additionally, researchers have found that the me re exposure effect occurs in studies with human research participants as well as in studies with non-human animals.Another key finding from this analysis was that participants eventually started to like object s less after many repeated exposures. In other words,a smaller number of repeated exposures will make you like something morebut, if the repeated exposures continue, you could eventually get tired of it. 12. What is the key factor in Robert Zajoncs test?A. Frequency.B. Preference.C. Originality.D. Achievement.13 Which of the following is an example of mere-exposure effect?A. We favor an advertisement at the first sight.B. A student joined in the