精品解析：2024届山东省淄博市高三下学期一模英语试题 （原卷版）.docx

淄博市 2023-2024 学年度高三模拟考试英语2024年3月注意事项: 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上，并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。 因笔试不考听力，试卷从第二部分开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点除黑; 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上，如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案; 不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分 37.5分)阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AGood evening everyone!I hope to pick your brain on potential advertising strategies and gaining new customers for my boyfriends car repair shop.He has been in business for 3 years and is fairly successful, but we are trying to increase the number of chargeable hours. While he was doing repair work, I took over all the administrative duties. The first thing on my to-do list was to get him on social media. I was floored that he had no social media presence, which is not surprising considering he is old school.Now, he has a business Facebook page and an Instagram account, although it may not be worth much yet. We are working on a weekly “feature” for both platforms in order to create some interest. He doesnt want to do coupons (优惠券) or discounts or anything like that, and I understand why. His labor rate is already significantly lower than anyone else in the area, and his overall costs are lower as well. This is where I am a bit losthow can we effectively attract more customers without a hook? My guess would be focusing on the value, but Im not sure how well that will work out.We are considering sending postcards as well since he already cooperates with a few local shops who send their large jobs to him and such. However, I am unsure about Facebook marketing, but definitely open.1 What was scheduled first to promote business?A. Working out a weekly feature.B. Increasing chargeable hours.C. Establishing his presence online.D. Visiting his old school.2. How might they attract new clients?A. By raising labor rates.B. By offering discounts and coupons.C. By cutting overall costs.D. By highlighting the value of services.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To offer information.B. To seek advice.C. To show advantages.D. To find cooperation.BThere was no way to escape when they spotted a polar bear. Verena Mohaupt and a handful of colleagues were trapped on a floating sea ice while the bear gazed at them smelling the air, a dangerous sign.“Thats when everything kicks in,” Mohaupt says, “and you focus on whats important.” As a colleague fired into the sky as a warning shot, Mohaupt radioed their research ship a few kilometres away, whose helicopter luckily arrived quickly and Mohaupt didnt have to use the gun that was hanging over her shoulder.Keeping a lookout for bears was a regular duty for Mohaupt, the logistics coordinator(后勤协调员) for a year-long mission known as the MOSAiCthe largest Arctic research exploration in history. The project, consisting of roughly 300 scientists, led by scientist MarkusRex, has collected massive measurements that will help better forecast how warming will transform the globe in the coming decades. For months, the exploration operated in constant darkness while polar bears wandered nearby, storms rocked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began to melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare for researchers who needed to keep their instruments from sinking. Tasked with the security of the mission, Mohaupt designed an extensive training course for the participants in which they learnt how to avoid the danger, like storm-rocking and ice-cracking. They jumped into a Norwegian channel in their survival suits and climbed out of the freezing waters using only their ice picks. They learnt how to escape from a crashed helicopter. And they discussed the psychological effects of being far from home. Mohaupt brought knitting equipment, yoga mats and a violin for their men tal healthalthough having been prepared for the isolation.Mohaupt didnt expect a career in polar regions, but says she has always been drawn to the north. “She was there to make sure that we were protected,” says Markus Rex, “Mohaupt is certainly the champion in the field.”4. Why does the author mention a polar bear in the beginning?A. To show the threat of bears.B. To tell an interesting story.C. To introduce Mohaupts job.D. To describe the polar scenery.5. What can we know from paragraph 3?A. The working conditions were tough.B. Mohaupt helped to collect massive data.C. The exploration went on in total darkness.D. Mohaupts duty was to protect polar bears.6. Which of the following best describes Mohaupt?A. Ambitious and brave.B. Passionate and dependent.C. Considerate and modest.D. Professional and responsible.7. What is a suitable title for the text?A. A Potential Danger in the Exploration.B. A Guardian Angel of Polar Researchers.C. A Great Scientific Exploration in History.D. A Great Female Scientist in Polar Research.CChances are youve heard the phrase “like a moth to a flame”and probably seen it in action at a nighttime fire or barbecue, too. It turns out, however, this age-old saying may not be quite right. Rather than being attracted to light, moths tendency to fly toward brightness is a behavioral response to help them determine which way is up, suggests a new study published in the journal Nature Communications.To avoid falling down to the ground, insects need to know which way is up, says study coauthor Yash Sondhi, a National Geographic Explorer. Without systems to maintain spatial (空间的) orientation, the brightness of the sky, even at night, has always been a strong indicator of “up”until artificial lights came along. If they mess that up, they start plummeting.Sondhi and a team of researchers set up experiments to investigate how different lights influence flight behavior. First, the researchers suspended a light bulb from a rope between two treesresembling a typical downward-pointing lightand in a separate test, they turned the light upward by mounting it on a tripod (三脚架). In both cases, insects leaned their winged backs to the bulb. But when the light was pointed up, the insects often bumped to the ground.What if the light is spread over a wide area? The researchers stretched a large white sheet across the tree and projected a UV light on it. If the insects were truly “attracted” to the light, they should fly up toward it. Instead, the insects cruised (巡航) straight through this illuminated corridor, flying how they would during the day. The team then placed the sheet on the ground and shined the light on it, which is when something truly odd happened: All these moths flying over it turned upside down and crashed out of the sky. Directionality of light is a huge factor in the pattern we have seen, not just brightness or color. “Artificial lights may cause a mismatch between the insects sense of which way is up and true direction of gravity, which spells trouble for insects population.” says Sondhi.8. What can be inferred about “like a moth to a flame” in the new study?A. A moth is generally attracted by a flame.B. Artificial lights are valuable for a moth.C. Brightness indicates up for a moth.D. A moth has a sense of direction.9. What does the underlined word “plummeting” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Crashing.B. Speeding.C. Freezing.D. Suspending.10. What lights influence insects most in the experiments?A. UV lights on the tree.B. Upward-pointing lights.C. Downward-pointing lights.D. Lights of different colors.11. What is Sondhis attitude toward artificial lights?A. Concerned.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Neutral.DWould you rather watch a new movie, or an old favorite? Would you rather try a dish youve never had at a restaurant, or stick with something you know youll like? Researchers studying the “mere exposure effect” have found that we often prefer the familiar over the novel.People didnt need to experience a reward or positive outcome while around the objectsimply being exposed to the object would be enough to make people like it. To test this, social psychologist Robert Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud and varied how often participants read each word (up to 25 repetitions). Next, after reading the words, participants were asked to guess at the meaning of each word by filling out a rating scale (indicating how positive or negative they thought the meaning of the word was).He found that participants liked words that they had said more often, while words that participants hadnt read at all were rated more negatively, and words that had been read 25 times were rated highest. Just the me re exposure to the word was enough to make participant s like it more. One place where the me re exposure effect occurs is in advertising. It explains why seeing the same advertisement multiple times could be more convincing than just seeing it once. Of course, theres a caution here:the me re exposure effect doesnt happen for things we initially dislike. Researchers have found that our liking for a variety of things (including pictures, sounds, foods, and smells) can be increased with repeated exposure, suggesting that the mere exposure effect isnt limited to just one of our senses. Additionally, researchers have found that the me re exposure effect occurs in studies with human research participants as well as in studies with non-human animals.Another key finding from this analysis was that participants eventually started to like object s less after many repeated exposures. In other words,a smaller number of repeated exposures will make you like something morebut, if the repeated exposures continue, you could eventually get tired of it.12. What is the key factor in Robert Zajoncs test?A. Frequency.B. Preference.C. Originality.D. Achievement.13. Which of the following is an example of mere-exposure effect?A. We favor an advertisement at the first sight.B. A student joined in the club because of love.C. We are more convinced of what we met before.D. A student read as many English words as possible.14. What can we learn about “mere exposure effect” according to paragraph 4?A. It is the result of advertising.B. It has nothing to do with animals.C. It is true of what we dislike at first.D. It can be applied to multiple senses.15. What is the text mainly about?A. More love because of more exposures.B. The study on mere exposure effect.C. Better results from the earlier exposures.D. The application of mere exposure effect.第二节(共5 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Power of PeersDo birds of a feather really flock together? People do tend to choose friends who are similar to them. Many behaviors spread socially. Activities in certain brain areas change when other people are around. _16_ You can use the power of social relationships to gain healthier habits and motivate others to do the same. _17_ Teens are especially responsive to peer influence. At the same time, the reward system in the teen brain becomes extra sensitive. Teens are just learning to explore the social world. Understanding other peoples values and being influenced by them are important parts of socializing. A research shows that even just having another peer around can change the reward response in the brain and also the risk-taking tendencies of teenagers. Some people seem to be more easily influenced than others and more sensitive to feeling included or excluded by others. _18_ But its also a time that peer influence can help teens thrive if it gets them more involved with their community or helps them learn behaviors to get along with others.Its the quality of friendships not quantity that really makes the difference. Friendships you feel you want to let go of may be low quality. _19_ High quality friendships provide understanding, support, and recognition of your self-worth. These types of friendships are more steady and satisfying.Spending time with friends can be especially helpful for people. Noticing that our behavior is influenced by other people, we can be intentional and try to focus on the people who are doing the things we want to get into ourselves. _20_A. Adolescence is such a risky period.B. That can affect what you choose to do.C. Peer pressure can sometimes lead to competition.D. People care about what others think across all different age groups.E. They are linked to poor academic performance and behavioral issues.F. Sharing your healthy habits could also make a real difference to others.G. The number of friends you have determines your level of social influence.第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 30分)第一节(共15 小题; 每小题1分, 满分 15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Matthew Weihmuller, a blind jazz instructor, has been teaching people of different abilities in Tampa for 10 years. He has _21_ performance at using his disability as a teaching tool. One of his teaching methods is to take away one of the five _22_ , requiring performers to lean more heavily on others.“Something that I do is _23_ the lights. They have to listen and _24_ their instrument with their fingers and hands. In this way, the students _25_ the material better in the dark,” explained Weihmuller.Being blind has never stopped Weihmuller from seeking his _26_ for music. When he started playing, he _27_ braille (布莱叶盲文) sheet music, and pieces would take months, even years to learn. _28_, few professionals were capable of providing this music then, so he _29_ to “braille” his own, all the way through college. And his _30_ paid off. His not being able to see and read traditional sheets of music has allowed him to _31_ his other senses, which is one of the main _32_ hes so talented at playing jazz music and the _33_ that comes with it.As an educator with blindness, Weihmuller _34_ turning any disadvantage into an advantage. He hopes that he can _35_ others to deal with their barriers and challenges in the same way that he has. And when they leave his classroom theyre not only better musicians but better people.21. A. independentB. outstandingC. entertainingD. ordinary22. A. skillsB. chancesC. responsibilitiesD. senses23. A. take overB. put awayC. turn offD. break up24. A. feelB. searchC. studyD. perform25. A. enjoyB. realizeC. recognizeD. learn26. A. courageB. passionC. spiritD. concern27. A. affordedB. recommendedC. demandedD. presented28. A. MoreoverB. InsteadC. MeanwhileD. Otherwise29. A. happenedB. refusedC. failedD. man