2024年读后续写沉浸式步步写作专题09如何增添提分修辞.docx

专题09 如何增添提分修辞英语修辞(gure of speech）一般是为提高表达效果（如鲜明、生动、幽默、优美等）而使用的特殊的表达手法。在续写中若能适当运用比喻、拟人、夸张、排比等修辞手法进行细节描写，能加强文章的表现力和感染力。在平时学习中，掌握积累修辞手法并学会灵活运用是提高读后续写的关键。高 中阶段常用的英语修辞手法有：明喻（Simile） 、 暗 喻（Metaphor） 、 拟 人（Personication） 、 夸 张（Hyperbole） 、排 比（Parallelism） 、反 复 （Repetition） 、设问（Rhetorical question）、对 偶（Antithetical parallelism）等，这些也是在读后续写中比较常见的修辞手法。一、比喻比喻是最常见的修辞手法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理，增强语言的表现力。比喻分为明喻和和暗喻。明喻 simile【明喻是比喻修辞的一种，在强调两种事物的相似点的同时，本体、喻体、喻词都出现，且能使语言生动形象。常用的明喻标志词有 like, as, seem, as.as, as if, as though, similar to等。基本格式是：本体+比喻词+喻体。】【Part 1：by using simile marker “like” 用like作喻词】和like相关的词块积累： like a duck to water 如鱼得水 like a drowned cat 落汤鸡 like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁 like a rat in a hole 如瓮中之鳖1. The smile on her face shone like a diamond. （外貌描写）她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。2. I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.（心理描写）我感觉自己像漂浮在悲伤的海洋中。3. The scenery along the journey is just like a breath-taking landscape painting.(环境描写)沿路的风景就像一幅美丽的山水画卷。4. The icy wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife. (环境描写)寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的小刀一样刺痛了我的脸。5. Clusters of stars decorated the vast sky like sparkling jewels. (环境描写)繁星像珊珊发光的珠宝一样装饰了浩瀚的天空。6. Love is like the wind. You can't see it but you can feel it.（情感描写）爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。7. The house looks something like a castle. （景物描写）那房子看上去有点像一座城堡。(something like.有点像)8. He moved like lightening before the police came. （动作描写）还没等警察到来，他像闪电一样地跑了。【Part 2：by using simile marker “as.as” 用as.as作喻词】和as as 相关的词块积累： as soft as water 柔情似水 as pure as snow 纯净如雪 as clear as crystal 清如水晶 as weak as water 软弱无力，弱不禁风 as unique as a fingerprint 独一无二 as drunk as a mouse 烂醉如泥 as busy as a bee 忙忙碌碌 as hungry as a wolf 饥肠辘辘 as proud as a peacock 傲如孔雀 as easy as ABC 极其容易 as brave as a lion 勇猛如狮 as pretty as a picture 美如画 1. Kyle looked at the test with a stare as blank as his notebook.（情景描写）Kyle茫然地看着试卷，头脑如同笔记本一样的空白。2. As in depths of many seas, my heart was drowned in memories.（情绪描写）如同在大海深处，我的心里沉溺于回忆之中。3. The smile on her face was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day（外貌描写）她脸上的笑容和夏天的太阳一样充满活力。4. Father rushed to his son's school, only to discover the building was as flat as pancake.(环境描写)父亲冲到儿子的学校后，才发现这座建筑已经变成一片废墟。5. I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice. (外貌描写)我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。【Part 3：by using simile marker “as if” 用as if作喻词】1.Mrs Sather looked at my eyes as if (she were) seeing my inner self locked away inside. （动作描写）Sather老师看着我的眼睛，仿佛看到了我灵魂深处封闭的自我。2. She swept her son into her arms with her eys wet as if she wanted to squeeze the breath out of him.（动作描写）她眼睛湿润，把儿子拥进怀里，仿佛想把他的呼吸挤出来。3. Her hair grew greyer and greyer, as if (it were) covered with snow and frost.（外貌描写）他的头发越来越白了，简直像盖了一头皑皑的霜雪。4. She felt as if her heart had been ripped from her body.（心理描写）她感觉自己心好像从她的身体里被撕开了。5. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.（情景描写）这个国家，覆盖着樱花，看起来好像被粉红色的雪覆盖着。6. I couldn't move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. （动作描写）我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。暗喻 metaphor【暗喻是比喻修辞的一种，用一种事物比喻另一种事物，本体喻体都出现，中间常用喻词“是”等连接，有时不用喻词。暗喻的典型形式为：甲是乙，通常有“be, become ” 等词，但不用 like, as, as if, as though 等喻词。】【Part 1：by using the link word “be” 通过be动词联系】1. Her hair was a flowing golden river, streaming down her shoulders. (外貌描写）她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。2. The beautiful park was a scented carpet of color. (环境描写)美丽的公园就是一个芬芳的彩色地毯。3. Stop being such a baby. (对话描写)别这么幼稚好不好。4. Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns. (哲理)生活就像一条未被涉足的河流，有各种曲折。5. The old man's face is a map of time.(哲理)老人的脸是岁月的写照。【Part 2：by using the verbs 通过动词联系】素材积累： a bed of roses 安乐窝 clean hands 两袖清风 curtain-lecture 枕头风 like mushroom 雨后春笋 mushroom fame 一夜成名 a mushroom millionaire 暴发户1. I felt a lump in my throat, tearing welling up in my eyes.（心理描写）我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。2. He doesn't have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say. (人物描写)他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。3. A heavy silence blanketed the room.（环境描写）整个房子沉浸在一片寂寞中。4. The boy wolfed down the food. (动作描写）小男孩狼吞虎咽。典例赏析（2021 年 1 月浙江卷）Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork forced into a bottle.【赏析】句中用到了明喻“like a cork forced into a bottle”像软木塞进了瓶子里，出现了比喻词 “like”， 把 my whole head 比喻成 a cork，生动 地描写出了作者“我”的窘境。（2020年1 月浙江卷）The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there.【赏析】句中 The house 是本体，喻体是a tomb, 比喻词是 seemed, 喻体和本体的共同点是“安静”， 生动地描写出男孩离家上大学之后家里的“冷清”。（新人教版必修一 Unit 4） Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.【赏析】句子中把泥石流比喻成河流，凸显 出了地震破坏力之大。（新人教版选择性必修一Unit 3）Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.【赏析】把笑比喻成冬天的太阳，生动形象 地描述出笑带来的温暖。二、拟人把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，使语言生动，形象，更有感染力。【Part 1：把自然现象当作人来描写】1. The wind stood up and gave a shout . (景物描写) 大风凛冽，发出怒吼。2. The breeze gently kissed her cheeks.(景物描写) 微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸庞。3. The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture.(景物描写)鹅毛般的雪花在空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的图画。4.The mist swallowed him up. (景物描写) 薄雾把他包围起来。5.The icy wind started howling, stinging my face.(景物描写) 寒风开始咆哮，刺痛了我的脸。6. Stars winked at me in a darkening sky.(景物描写) 夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。7. Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.(景物描写) 顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。8. The thunder clapped angrily in the distance. 雷声在远处怒吼着。9. The sun looks over the mountains rim. 太阳挂在山边。10. The city gradually began to breathe again. 城市渐渐开始恢复生机。11. The wind howled in the night. 夜里狂风怒吼。12. The flowers / The curtains danced in the gentle breeze. 花儿/窗帘在微风中翩翩起舞。13. The candle flame danced in the dark.蜡烛的火焰在黑暗中跳动。【Part 2：把含蓄抽象的概念当作人来描写】1. Fear seized/swallowed him. (心理描写) 恐惧把他吞噬了。2. Anger choked my words.（心理描写）我气得说不出话来。3. A good idea suddenly struck me. (心理描写) 我突然想到一个好主意。4. Smile took hold of him. (外貌描写) 他笑容满面。 5. Anxiety torn him into pieces. (心理描写) 她焦虑不安，十分崩溃。 6. Courage/Confidence deserted him. (心理描写) 他没信心了。7. Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.（心理描写）我兴奋的啥也说不出来了。【Part 3：把动物当作人来描写】1. In the dead of night, the crickets played on the terrace of the house. (环境描写)寂静的夜，蟋蟀旁若无人地在房子的阳台上玩。2. Birds on the tree are singing a beautiful song. (环境描写)树上的小鸟在树上唱着美妙的歌曲。3. The frogs are giving a concert-mixed chorus. (环境描写) 青蛙在举办音乐会-混声大合唱。4. Fireflies patrol the grass with small lanterns. (环境描写) 萤火虫提着小灯笼在草丛中巡逻。5. The beetles were carrying sand, exhausted one by one.甲虫们在搬运沙子,一个个累得筋疲力尽。6. A yellow Oriole was crying freely on a stage-like tree.一个黄鹂在如同舞台般的树上自在的叫着。典例赏析（ 2023 年 新 课 标 卷） What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? But, like Revere s horse, I kept going.【赏析】在这些句子中，作者对马进行了人格化处理，使语言表达生动、有生命力。（ 2023 年 1 月浙江卷） Then someone said,“She (hummingbird) must have come to say good-bye. ”【赏析】句子使用了 She 和 say, 对蜂鸟进行 了人格化描写 , 描写出了蜂鸟对作者的感激之情。三、夸张夸张是通过言过其实的说法来渲染强调事物的某一特点的修辞方法。在读后续写中，夸张可 以用来渲染气氛，突出事物的特征，增强语势， 加强幽默感，增强故事的趣味性和感染力。【Part 1：使用数词或量词】1. My heart broke in about a million pieces.(心理描写)我的心成了碎片。 2. She was half dead with fear. (心理描写） 她吓得半死。 3. Thanks a million. (对话描写）非常感谢你。 4. Ive told you a million times. (对话描写）我都告诉你多少次了。5. The backpack weighs a ton. 背包很重。6. My gray hair can make a long long rope. 白发三千丈。【Part 2：使用动词】1. The young girl brought the house down with her performance. 这位年轻姑娘的表演博得了满堂喝彩。2. It made me jump out of my skin. (心理描写) 吓得我魂不附体。3.I almost laughed my head off.(动作描写)我都快笑死了。4. My blood froze.（心理描写） 我的血液都凝固了。5. She cried her eyes out. (动作描写) 她痛哭涕流。 6. It brought her heart into her mouth. (心理描写) 让她的心悬到了嗓子眼。 7. My heart sank when he left.(心理描写)当他离开时我心都碎了。 8.My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter's voice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。9.Her appearance fairly took my breath away.她的美貌令我神魂颠倒。【Part 3：使用介词短语】1. She went home in a flood of tears. (动作描写) 她泪如泉涌地回家去了。 2. When they told the news, I was  over the moon/ on the top of the world.（心理描写） 当他们告诉我这个消息时，我乐不可支。 3. He was bent out of shape. (心理描写) 他非常生气（气到变形）4.I was so hungry that I could eat a horse.我很饿以致于可以吃掉一只马。5.hen she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.当她听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。典例赏析（新人教版必修一Unit 4）It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.【赏析】此句用夸张的修辞手法是为了突出 地震破坏力之大。（新人教版必修一 Unit 4）Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.【赏析】此句用夸张的修辞手法“幸存者目 及之处无一不是废物，万物尽毁”， 同样是为了 突出描写地震破坏力之大和灾后惨状。四、排比排比就是为了加强语势而把三个或三个以上结构相同、内容相关的词组或句子排列在一起的 一种修辞方法，以增强语言的气势和表达效果。1.Reading makes us wise and exercises make us strong.读书使我们睿智，锻炼使我们强健。2.To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow your dreams. 要想在生活中获得成功，你需要抓住机会，追随你的梦想。3.This is not only just what I wanted, but also what I needed.这不仅是我想要的，也是我需要的。4.Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes.（动作描写） 母亲正忙着收拾要洗的衣服, 掸去家具上的灰尘, 洗碗。5.Whether in class, at work, or at home, James was always busy.（情景描写）无论是在课堂上, 在工作中, 还是在家里, 詹姆斯总是很忙。6.Dont make promise when you are in joy. Dont reply when you are sad. Dont take decision when you are angry. Think twice and act wise.（哲理）别在喜悦的时候许下承诺;别悲伤的时候做出回答;别在愤怒的时候作出决定。三思而行，做出睿智的行为。7.Pain makes you stronger, tears make you braver, heartbreak makes you wiser, so thank the past for a better future.（哲理）痛苦, 会让你更强大; 眼泪, 会让你更勇敢; 心碎, 会让你更睿智，所以为了更好的未来感谢过去吧。8.This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed. 这不仅是我想要的，也是我需要的。 典例赏析（ 2023 年新课标卷）I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit.【赏析】这三个短小精悍的排比句把作者内 心的彷徨不安、自我怀疑等心理描写得淋漓尽致。（新人教版必修二Unit 5）Music gave me happiness. . Music gave me strength and brought me relief. . Moreover, music gave me hope and a sense of satisfaction. .【赏析】作者运用三个 music gave me. 排比 句，层层递进，增强了语言感染力，排比的运用 突出了音乐带给我的积极影响。五、修辞疑问它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定，它的答案往往是不言而喻的。1. Predawn lamplight, bright as it is, can never outshine the majestic rising sun.佛晓前的灯光， 尽管明亮，但怎能同刚出来的磅礴的晨曦争胜呢？2. Isnt it unfair to forget appreciating myself while appreciating others?只懂得欣赏别人而忘了欣赏自己，岂不是太不公平了？3. Isnt it true that without doing manual labour, we couldnt even keep a single flower alive? 不劳动，连棵花儿也养不活，这难道不是真理么？六、对比巧妙地运用对比，可以突出作者想要强调的内容或情感。1. Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上很富裕，但精神上却很贫乏。2. Everyone in the classroom was chatting happily while Refael sat alone, at a loss.教室里的每个人都在开心地聊天，而拉斐尔却一个人坐在那里不知所措.3. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. Never in all San Franciscos history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.历史上，从来没有一个城市被如此彻底摧毁过。历史上，旧金山人民从来没有像在那个可怕的夜晚中那样宽容善良过。4. Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction east, west, north and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city.海上风平浪静，没有风。然而，从四面八方东南西北来的强风都吹向这座不幸的城市。七、反复反复是把词、词组、从句等进行有意识的重复，以达到强调的效果。1. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。2. The trees were blown down, the billboards were blown down and the houses were blown down, some of which even lay in pieces.树木被吹倒了，广告牌被吹倒了，房子被吹倒了，甚至有些摔成碎片。3. Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now it is the time to work hard for the future.现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了。