牛津译林版英语8B Unit5 Good manners知识点.pdf

18B Unit5 Good manners【comic strip&welcome to the unit】l.Youre old enough to learn about manners now,Hobo.Second,dont cut in on others.Always waitpolitely.Youre never too old to learn.【知识点一知识点一】：】：enough to(1)足够来做某事【知识点二知识点二】：】：cut in(1)打断别人的话，插嘴如：Im sorry to cut in on your conversation,but.(2)cut in+on sb.打断某人说话(必须接介词 on)(3)与 cut 的相关短语：cut down 砍到cut out 删除cut off 中断(电话)，停止(供给)cut up 切碎(1)Im sorry to _ on you,but there are one or two things l dont understand.It doesnt matter.A.cut downB.cut outC.cut inD.cut off(2)她正要说实话，汤姆突然打断了她。She was about to tell the truth when Tom _ her.【知识点三知识点三】：】：polite(1)词性：(adj.)polite(adv.)politely(adj.)impolite(adv.)impolitely【知识点四知识点四】：】：never too old to learn(1)活到老学到老(1)踢完足球后，他太兴奋了睡不着。After the football game,he was _ excited _ sleep.(2)“Its never too late _,”Mother said to me.A.learnB.to learnC.learningD.learned(3)She was so weak that she couldnt take care of her baby.(改为同义句)She was _ weak _ take care of her baby.2.leave the tap running;queue for your turn.【知识点一知识点一】：】：leave(1)leaveleftleft(2)离开：leave for.动身前往如：Leave for Shanghai.(3)留下，落下：leave sth.at/in+地点地点(4)使.仍处于某种状态：leave+宾语宾语+宾补宾补prep/adv 作宾补：如：Dont leave the stove on.2adj 作宾补如：Will you leave the door open when you go out?doing 作宾语如：She left me waiting in the rain.(1)Mother went out _ her baby _.A.leaving;cryB.leaving;criedC.leaving;cryingD.leaving;to cry(2)Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A.runB.runningC.being runD.to run(3)His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.A.wonderB.wonderingC.wonderedD.to wonder【知识点二知识点二】：run(1)跑，奔跑(2)管理，经营如：He has no idea how to run a business.(3)运行如：She got out of the car and left the engine running.【知识点三知识点三】：】：queue(1)queue(up)for：排队等候(2)queue to do sth：排队做某事如：We queued(up)for the bus.(3)(n.)队，行列如：There was a long queue outside the cinema.Theres a queue of people waiting for new houses.(4)jump the queue=cut in line 插队(1)我们正在排队买音乐会的入场券We _ tickets for the concert.【知识点四知识点四】：】：turn(1)Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事(2)in turn 轮流；依次(3)take turns to so sth.(in sth.)轮流(做)某事(4)by turns 轮流地，交替地【拓展：介词+名词=副词】by accident=_in order=_with joy=_with pride=_in a hurry=_(5)作为动词，常译为“旋转”turn around，或者“变成”turn into33.Im afraid not.【知识点一知识点一】：】：afraid(1)be afraid of sb./sth.害怕某人、某物(2)be afraid to do sth.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事(3)be afraid that+宾语从句(4)Im afraid so.恐怕是这样的Im afraid not.恐怕不是这样的【Reading】1.Today weve invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK.【知识点一知识点一】：】：invite(1)invite sb.to do sth.：邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb.to+地方邀请某人去某地(3)(n.)invitation2.Whats the proper way to greet people there,Jenny?Well,British people say“hello”or“nice tomeet you”and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.【知识点一知识点一】：】：proper(1)(adj.)正确的，恰当的=right(2)反：improper(adv.)properly【知识点二知识点二】：】：the way to do sth(1)做某事的方式、方法、手段也可以说成 the way of doing sth如：Whats the right way to say this in English?They are trying to find a way of settling the dispute.(1)跟他人打招呼的正确方式是什么?_ greet people.【知识点三知识点三】：】：握手的表达握手的表达(1)shake ones hand=shake hands with sb.(2)shakeshookshaken【知识点四知识点四】：】：for the first time8A Unit5 Wild animalsAt four months,she weighed about eight kilograms and started to go outside for the first time.Its+次数次数+to do（1)这只熊猫四个月大的时候，开始第一次外出。At four months,the panda started _.42.British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.【知识点一知识点一】：】：close(1)(adj.)接近The shop is close to the school.(2)(adv.)靠着，挨着They live quite close.(3)(v.)关闭Close your book.3.Do they greet people with a kiss?But please avoid subjects like age,weight or money.【知识点一知识点一】：】：with(1)(prep.)以的方式如：You eat it with a spoon.Cut in with the scissors.(2)表示“以、用”的介词：with 有形，by 手段，语言、声音 in 在前，at 用在价格、速度前如：He is writing with a pencil.The man earned money by writing.He read the text in a loud/sweet/low/beautiful voice.The car ran at a speed of 120 miles an hour.(1)Linlin often practices English_ chatting with her American friend.A.inB.byC.forD.with(2)This photo was taken _ a cheap camera.A.withB.byC.inD.at【知识点二知识点二】：】：avoid(1)(vt.)回避，避开如：To avoid the city centre,please turn right here.(2)avoid doing sth.：避免做某事如：You can make an excuse to avoid going out with him.(1)You can hardly _ her since you both work in the same factory.A.avoid to meetB.not avoid meetingC.avoid meetingD.not avoid to meet(2)China is getting better and better at making high technology products.Thats right.People around the world can hardly avoid _ products made in China.A.not buyingB.not to buyC.to buyD.buying(3)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning.Youd better avoid _ in the center of the city.A.driveB.drivingC.to driveD.driven(4)汤姆试图回避不回答我的问题Tom tried _ my questions.54.Do people there behave politely in public?They think its rude to push in before others.Also,if theybump into someone in the street,theyll say“sorry”.【知识点一知识点一】：】：behave(1)(v.)举动，表现如：Behave(yourself)!规矩点！a well-behaved/badly-behaved child 一个守规矩/不守规矩的孩子(2)(n.)behaviour 行为(1)那儿的人们在公开场合举止有礼吗？Do people there _?【知识点二知识点二】：】：in public(1)公开地(2)in private 私下地地(3)(n.)public：常与 the 连用，the public，意为“公众”(4)(adj.)public：公共的public place【知识点三知识点三】：】：push in(1)插队等于 cut in(美)(2)鲁莽地打断(1)不要插队，像别人一样排队等候。Dont _.Wait in line like everyone else do.【知识点四知识点四】：】：bump(1)(vt.&vi.)猛撞，碰如：The two cars bumped into each other.(1)如果他们在街上撞了人家，他们会说“对不起”。If they _ someone in the street,theyll say“sorry”.5.If youre in their way.they wont touch you or push past you.Theyll say“excuse me”and be politeenough to wait till you move.【知识点一知识点一】：】：in ones way(1)挡道(2)与 way 相关的短语：lose ones way 迷路on ones way to 去的路上in some ways 在某些方面by the way 顺便说【知识点二知识点二】：】：excuse(1)(v.)原谅，宽恕(2)(n.)借口【知识点三知识点三】：】：till(1)(conj.)直到6(2)接常动作(1)_ the midnight he waited for his mother.A.TillB.SinceC.UntilD.At(2)“You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,”the oldman said angrily.A.whenB.tillC.whenD.until(3)Many students didnt realize the importance of study _ they left school.A.whenB.untilC.asD.after(4)We didnt start our discussion _ everybody arrived.A.sinceB.ifC.whileD.until6.British people are very polite at home as well,arent they?They say“please”and“thank you”allthe time.【知识点一知识点一】：】：as well(1)也(2)also：用在肯定句中(3)too：肯定句、疑问句(4)either：否定句(1)They play all kinds of musical instruments and sing _.A.alsoB.eitherC.as wellD.as well as(2 他人好又幽默，他所说的一定能使我们高兴。He is kind and humorous _ _.What he says never fails to please us.【知识点二知识点二】：】：反义疑问句(1)前肯后否，前否后肯常考点一常考点一：否定祈使句的反义疑问句，通常用 will you如：Dont shout,will you?常考点二常考点二：there be 句型的反义疑问句：.there?如：There is a rabbit,isnt there?There arent any books,are there?常考点三常考点三：否定转移句型的反义疑问句：当主语为第一人称时，根据从句变，当主句为二三人称时，根据主句来变如：I dont think it is hard,is it?They dont think you are clever,do they?常考点四常考点四：few、hardly、seldom 等词，本身含有否定意味，但形容词否定依旧为肯定如：I have little water,did you?7(1)Dont forget to put the book back on the shelf,_?A.do youB.dont youC.will youD.wont you(2)There wont be any concert this Saturday evening,_?A.will there notB.will thereC.is thereD.will it be(3)She never tells a lie,_?A.does sheB.doesnt sheC.does not sheD.isnt it(4)Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_?A.do youB.will youC.can youD.could you(5)I dont think youve heard of him before,_?A.have youB.havent youC.do ID.dont I(6)Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,_?A.dont theyB.didnt theyC.did theyD.do they(7)How many student do you think are still in the classroom now?Im afraid there are few of them,_?A.are thereB.arent IC.arent thereD.am I7.Oh,keep your voice down in public.Im sure theyre helpful to us.Just as the saying goes,“Whenin Rome,do as the Romans do.”【知识点一知识点一】：】：keep sth.down(1)控制，压缩，防止如：Would you keep it down there.Im on the phone.(1)我建议你在公众场所控制音量。I advise you _.【知识点二知识点二】：】：be helpful to sb.(1)对某人有帮助如：Your experiences may be helpful to other readers,and to me.(2)那本字典对初中生很有帮助。The dictionary _ middle school student【知识点三知识点三】：】：as the saying goes(1)常言道，正如俗话所说如：As the saying goes,“Money cant buy happiness.”(1)正如俗话所说：本性难移_,“old habits die hard.”8.hit someone or something by accident;When we are in a strange place,we should do as the localpeople do.8【知识点一知识点一】：】：by accident(1)偶然，意外地(2)等同于 by chance如：I met her purely by accident.(3)介词介词+名词名词=副词副词介词有 3 种by、in、with如：_(1)我只是碰巧找到的。I only _.【知识点二知识点二】：】：as(1)(conj.)照的方式如：Do as I say!(1)当地人怎么做，我们就应该怎么做。We should do _.9.British people dont like to shout or laugh loudly.【知识点一知识点一】：】：区分区分以下以下三个词三个词(1)aloud(adv.)出声地，与 read、think 连用大声地，与 call、shout、cry 连用(2)loud(adj.)响亮的、大声的、常用比较级(adv.)喧闹地、大声地，常与 speak、talk loud、laugh 连用(3)loudly(adv.)大声地、喧闹地、侧指吵闹，常与 ring、knock 等词连用【Grammar】1.be+形容词形容词+enough to do sth(主语是人主语是人)如：Andy is generous enough to.buy nice presents for all of us.否定：否定：be not+形容词形容词+enough to do sth如：The little girl isnt old enough to go to school.这个句型，有时可以与这个句型，有时可以与 so/such.that.进行互换进行互换如：He is rich.enough.to buy a plane.He is so rich that he can.buy a plane.有时也与有时也与 too.to.进行转换进行转换如：The little girl is not old enough to go to school.sth.+形容词形容词+for sb to do(主语是物主语是物)如：The question is easy enough for him to answer.【精选试题】【精选试题】(1)The box is too heavy for him to carry.9The box isnt _ _ for him to carry.(2)The boy is so young that he cant swim across the river.The boy _ old _ to swim across the river.(3)He is strong that he can lift the heavy box.He is _ _ to lift the heavy box.(4)Jack is too young to dress himself.Jack is not _ _ to dress himself.(5)The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.The boy is not _ _ to look after himself.(6)The water was so dirty that we couldnt drink it.The water was _ dirty for us _ drink it.(7)The child is so young that he cant put on his clothes.The child isnt _ _ _ put on his clothes.(8)The problem is too difficult for me to work out.The problem isnt _ _ _ me to workout.(9)Its not _ to be friendly.You have to be a friend.Go and talk to Sam.A.good enoughB.late enoughC.too goodD.too late(10)扬州人真幸运，将会看到奥运圣火(the Olympic holy fire)经过扬州。The people of Yangzhou _.2.too.to.太而不能(1)too 后面接形容词、副词原级后面接形容词、副词原级如：He is too young to join the army.(2)too 前面如有表否定的词，前面如有表否定的词，not/never/nothing 等，此结构则不表否定意义等，此结构则不表否定意义如：It is never too old to learn.(3)如果在如果在 too 前面出现了前面出现了 only,此时候，此时候，only too 为一个整体，为一个整体，“太、非常太、非常”，肯定语气，肯定语气如：I shall be only too pleased to get home.(4)too 后接表示感情的形容词，后接表示感情的形容词，glad/pleased/happy/sad 等，等，too.to.表示肯定表示肯定如：He is too sad to hear the bad news.【精选试题】【精选试题】(1)He is too young to go to school.He is _ old _ _ to go to school.(2)The problem is so difficult that I cant work it out.The problem isnt _ _ _ _ to work it out.(3)The bag is too heavy for her to carry.The bag is _ heavy _ _ cant carry _.10(4)This pair of shoes is so dirty that nobody will wear it.This pair of shoes is too dirty_ _ to wear.(5)He isnt tall enough to join the team.He is _ _ _ join the team.(6)She hasnt enough time to do the work.She has _ time to do the work.(7)当李先生听到这个好消息时，兴奋的说不出话来。Mr.Li was _ excited _ say anything when he heard this piece of good news.(8)这男孩还不到上学的年龄The boy is _ _ that he cant go to school.The boy is _ _ _ go to school.The boy isnt _ _ _ go to school.He is _ _ young boy _ he cant go to school.1.She did not join the discussion.Simon was very excited.He did not express himself clearly.【知识点一知识点一】：】：discussdiscussvt.discuss sth.with sb.(=talk about sth.with sb.)discuss business with sb.与某人谈生意discuss+宾语从句如：We discussed what to do and where we should go.n.discussion(可数、不可数)to hold/have a discussion about sth.with sh.与某人商讨某事under discussion 在讨论注意区分 talk 与 discussion：discussion 讨论talk 谈话，很随便(1)The question is still under _(discuss).(2)那位作家用英语正确地表达了他自己的意思。The writer _English.【知识点二知识点二】：】：express(1)(vt.)表达，可直接接宾语express oneself 表达自己的想法express sth.to sb.向某人表达如：Being able to express your ideas is the most important thing.(2)(n.)expressing11【Integrated skills&Study skills】l.Public signs help explain things.Most of them and give us useful information.They help us_,keep us safe from danger and warn us _.【知识点一知识点一】：】：explain(1)解释，说明(2)explain sth to sbexplain that+从句explain oneself 辩解(3)(n.)explanation 解释【知识点二知识点二】：】：keep(1)keep.from.使免受(2)keep doing(3)keep on doing(4)keep on to do如：We thought it best to keep the bad news from him.【知识点三知识点三】：warn(1)(vt.&vi.)警告；告诫；提醒(2)warn of/against如：The message warned of possible danger.He warned me again.st going there at night.(3)warn sb not to so sth/warn sb never to so sth如：The old man warned the children not to go near the haunted house.(4)warn sb that如：I warned them that there was a bull in the field.(5)warn sb off sth如：He warned us off(his fields).(1)Mr Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A.to never driveB.never drivingC.never to driveD.never drive(2)There are some dangerous fishes in this river,and Ive warned Jack _ here.A.not to swimB.to not swimC.swim not toD.to swim not(3)Drivers are warned _ when they are tired.A.to driveB.not driveC.not to drive(4)The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat notB.eating notC.not to eatD.not eating(5)格林太太告诫孩子们不要进入她的花园Mrs.Green _ her garden.(6)我刚才警告她不要接近那条狗。I _ go near the dog just now.122.Why not?【知识点一知识点一】：】：提意见的句型提意见的句型(1)Why dont+人+so sth.=Why not do sth.?(2)What about=How about(3)had better do3.It says“No photos”【知识点一知识点一】：】：say写着，提供信息、指示如：The clock said three oclock.4.Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life.When one bad thing happens to you,other bad things happen soon after.Let me take a photo of it.risk losing everything all at onetime.【知识点一知识点一】：】：successful(1)succeed(v.)success(n.)successful(adj.)successfully(adv.)(2)短语：have success in/at sth.=be successful in(doing)sth.=do sth successfully=succeed in doing sth.【知识点二知识点二】：】：sometime(1)some time 一段时间(2)sometimes 有时(3)some times 几次(4)sometime 改天(将来的某个时间点、在过去的某个时间点)【知识点三知识点三】：】：riskriskC,U n.at risk(from/of sth.)有危险，冒风险at the risk of doing sth.冒着的风险如：He said it at the risk of losing his job.run the risk/run risks of doing sth.冒的危险如：We dont want to run the risk of losing their business.take a risk/take risk如：You have no right to take risks with other peoples lives.vt.risk sth.使冒风险如：He risked his life to save her.risk doing sth做某事有风险13如：They knew they risked being arrested.(1)It will be a dangerous trip.Are you sure you want to take the _(风险)?(2)It is better to ask someone for advice than _ something.A.risk doingB.risk to doC.to risk doingD.to risk to do(3)Young people may risk_ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A.to goB.goC.goingD.went(4)He didnt want to risk _ wet as he had only one suit.A.gettingB.to getC.gotD.get(5)Dont risk _ the job which so many people want.A.losingB.to loseC.lostD.your life to lose(6)机会就在面前，但值得冒此风险吗？The chance is right in front of us,but _?3.you have to do something before others in order to be successful.【知识点一知识点一】：】：in order to(1)为了，引导目的状语如：We started early in order to arrive before dark.(2)in order that：为了，引导目的状语从句从句如：I often exercise in order that I can keep healthy.(3)注意注意：当主从句主语一致时，in order to 才能和 in order that 进行转换4.请注意学习一些谚语的含义和用法The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有食吃。It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。Every dog has its day.凡人都有得意日。Put all your eggs in one basket.把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里:孤注一掷。Th