2011高考英语二轮复习课件专题9　数词和主谓一致.pptx

Topic9ofthe2011CollegeEntranceExaminationE目录CONTENTSTheUsageofNumeralsTheruleofsubjectverbconsistencySpecialcasesofsubjectverbconsistencyPracticeandAnalysisofSubjectverbConsistency01TheUsageofNumeralsCHAPTERDefinitionAcardinalnumeralisanumberthatexpressesacountor quantity,such as one,two,three.UsageUsecardinalnumeralstoexpressprecisecountsorquantities,especiallywhenreferring to specific items orgroups.ExampleIhavetwoapples.CardinalnumeralUsageUseordinalnumberwordswhenreferringtospecificpositionsororders,especiallyinlistsorrankings.ExampleSheisthethirdinline.DefinitionAnordinalnumberwordexpressesthepositionororderofsomething,suchasfirst,second,third.OrdinalnumberwordsUsageUsefractionstoexpresspartialquantitiesorpartsofawhole.Fractionscanbewrittenasdecimalsorpercentages.ExampleThecakeisthree-quartersdone.DefinitionAfractionexpressesapartofawholeorapartofanumber,suchashalf,quarter,three-quarters.Expressionoffractions02TheruleofsubjectverbconsistencyCHAPTERgrammaticalconcordThegrammaticalconcordrulerequiresthatthesubjectandverbofasentenceagreeintheirgrammaticalforms.SummaryThisruleensuresthatthesubjectandverbhavethesamegrammaticalnumber(singularorplural)andperson(first,second,orthird).Forexample,inthesentenceThecatisrunning,thesubjectcatissingularandtheverbisisalsosingular,followingthegrammaticalconcordrule.DescriptionSummaryTheconsistentinmeaningrulerequiresthatthesubjectandverbagreeintheirsemanticmeanings.DescriptionThisruleensuresthatthesubjectandverbaresemanticallyconsistent,meaningthattheyexpressacoherentthoughtoridea.Forexample,inthesentenceThegroupofstudentsarestudying,thesubjectgroupofstudentsispluralandtheverbareisalsoplural,followingtheconsistentinmeaningrule.ConsistentinmeaningSummaryTheadjacentconsistencyrulerequiresthatthesubjectandverbbeadjacenttoeachother.DescriptionThisruleensuresthatthesubjectandverbaredirectlynexttoeachother,withoutanyinterveningwordsorphrases.Forexample,inthesentenceThecat,thedog,andthemouseareplaying,thesubjectcat,thedog,andthemouseisfollowedimmediatelybytheverbare,followingtheadjacentconsistencyrule.Adjacentconsistency03SpecialcasesofsubjectverbconsistencyCHAPTERWhentwoormoresubjectsarejoinedbyandoror,theverbmustagreewiththesubjectclosesttoit.Forexample:JohnandMary(and)theirfamiliesshouldbeJohnandMary(and)theirfamiliesarecoming.ParallelsubjectsIfthesubjectsarejoinedbyor,theverbcanagreewiththefirstsubjectifitisclearfromthecontext.Forexample:EitherJohnorMary(or)theirfamiliescanbeEitherJohnorMary(or)theirfamiliesiswelcome.ExceptionSubjectverbagreementofparallelsubjectsVSWhenasubjectisinasubordinateclause,theverbmustagreewiththesubjectclosesttoit.Forexample:ThebookthatIamreading(is)veryinteresting.ExceptionIfthesubjectofthesubordinateclauseismodifiedbyanadjectiveoradverb,theverbcanagreewiththemodifiedsubject.Forexample:Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyafamousauthor(is)verypopular.SubordinateclausesSubjectverbconsistencyinsubordinateclausesWhenasubjectisplacedaftertheverb,theverbmustagreewiththesubjectclosesttoit.Forexample:Isthatthemanwhoyousaw?shouldbeIsthatthemanwhoyousaw?Ifthesubjectismodifiedbyanadjectiveoradverb,theverbcanagreewiththemodifiedsubject.Forexample:Isthattheman,whowaswearingahat,whoyousaw?canbeIsthattheman,whowaswearingahat,whoyousaw?InvertedsentencesExceptionSubjectverbconsistencyininvertedsentences04PracticeandAnalysisofSubjectverbConsistencyCHAPTERSubjects:thenumberofemployeesandthe number of hours;Verbs:is andare.Exercise1Subject:the amount of money;Verbs:isandare.Exercise2Subject:thepercentageofstudents;Verbs:isandare.Exercise3ExercisequestionsThecorrectanswerisThenumberofemployeesishigh,butthenumberofhoursislow.Thesubjectthenumberofemployeesissingular,sotheverbisisappropriate.Thesubjectthenumberofhoursisalsosingular,buttheverbareisusedinstead,whichisincorrect.ThecorrectanswerisTheamountofmoneyislarge.Thesubjecttheamountofmoneyissingular,sotheverbisisappropriate.ThecorrectanswerisThepercentageofstudentsishigh.Thesubjectthepercentageofstudentsissingular,sotheverbisisappropriate.AnswertoExercise1AnswertoExercise2AnswertoExercise3AnswerAnalysisSomestudentsmayconfusetheusageofnumberandamount.Whilebothcanbeusedassingularsubjects,theusagedependsonthecontext.Forexample,thenumberofemployeesshoulduseis,buttheamountofmoneyshoulduseis.Anothercommonmistakeistheconfusionbetweentheusageofpercentageandothercollectivenouns.Collectivenounssuchasgrouporteamareusuallyplural,butwhenusedwithaquantifiersuchasthemajorityof,theycanbetreatedassingular.However,percentageisalwayssingularandshouldbefollowedbythesingularverbis.Errorproneanalysis谢谢THANKS