江苏南京市英语中考英语总复习教学案(八年级下册Unit5～Unit8).doc
八年级下册(Unit 5)基础自测夯基固本汲取精华词汇拓展1.manners(n.)_(vt.)问候；打招呼2.politely(adv.) _(adj.)礼貌的_(adj.)(反义词)不礼貌的 _(adj.)(近义词)粗鲁的3.litter(n.) _(vi. & vt.)乱丢杂物_(n.)(同义词)垃圾；废物4.obey(vt. & vi.) _(vt. & vi.)(反义词)违反_(n.)规则5.proper(adj.) _(adv.)适当地；正确地 6.discussion(n.) _(vt.)讨论；论述7.express(vt.) _(n.)表达_(n.)印象8.public(n.) _(adj.)公开的_(vt.)发行，公开9.explain(vi. & vt.) _(n.)解释，说明10.successful(adj.) _(vt.)取得成功_(n.)成功 _(vi.)(反义词)失败11.risk(vt.) _(n.)风险_(adj.)有风险的 _(adj.)(同义词)危险的12.pain(n.) _(n.)(同义词)疼痛_(adj.)痛苦的13.practice(n.) _(vi.)实践；练习_(adj.)实际的14.host(n.) _(n.)(反义词)客人；宾客短语归纳1.cut in(on sb./sth.) _2.drop litter _3.keep quiet _4.obey traffic rules _5.shake sb's hands _6.start a conversation _7.behave politely _8.be in one's way _9.push in _10.keep one's voice down _11.不久以后 _12.在公共场合 _13.对某人有帮助 _14.正如谚语所说 _15.保护；使某人免受 _16.首要的是 _17.也，还有 _18.偶然，意外地 _ 19.劳驾 _句型再现1.他们用亲吻这种方式打招呼吗？Do they _ _ _ a kiss？2.入乡随俗。When in Rome, _ _ _ _ _3.你已经足够大可以去学习礼仪。You're _ _ to learn about manners.4.英国人太有礼貌了，不会在公共场合大声喊叫。British people _ _ _ _ shout loudly in public. 要点聚焦讲练结合突破疑难一、词汇精讲1avoidvt. 避免课文：But please avoid subjects like age, weight or money.但是请避免谈论年龄、体重、金钱等主题。拓展：avoid sb./sth.避免、避开某人/事avoid doing sth.避免做某事To avoid the city center, turn right here.如果要避开市中心，请从这里向右转弯。You had better avoid reading in the strong sunlight.你最好不要在强烈的阳光下读书。这懒汉尝试回避工作。The lazy man tried to _ _ his work.遵守交通规则，尽量防止发生事故。Follow the traffic rules and try to _ _2tillconj. 到时，直到为止课文：They'll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move.他们会说“抱歉”并且足够有礼貌一直等到你移动。辨析：till, untiltillconj. & prep.表示“直到时(为止)；在之前”，用于肯定句时，主句的动词为延续性动词，表示动作一直延续到till表示的时间为止；用于否定句时，主句的动词一般为非延续性动词，也可是延续性动词，表示的动作直到till所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到(才)”。untilconj. & prep.表示“直到时”，用法基本与till相同，一般情况下两者可互换使用；用于not until意为“直到才”，主句常用非延续性动词，表示时间一到，该动作就发生，放在句首时要用倒装语序，注意此时不能用till替换，这也是二者区别所在。She watched TV till/until her mother came back.她看电视直到她母亲回来。(看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束)She didn't watch TV till/until her mother back.直到她母亲回来她才(开始)看电视。(看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生)Not until I finished my homework, did mother let me out.直到我做完家庭作业，妈妈才准我出去。用till和until填空She _ notice me _ I called her from behind._ _ 12 o'clock last night did Jim come back.3expressvt. 表达课文：Sometimes they are a great help if you need some wise words to express your ideas.如果你有时候需要一些格言去表达你的想法，它们是很有用的。拓展：express oneself表达自己的意思expressn. 快递expressionn. 表达；表情；说法He expressed himself clearly.他把他的意思说得很清楚。Many people express the same opinion.许多人表达了相同的看法。I sent the letter by express.我这封信寄的是快递。他在信中表达了他对母亲的愧疚。He _ his guilt about his mother in the letter.请用快递寄这个包裹。Please send this pack by _肢体语言也是一种情感的表达。Body language is an _ of feelings.4warnvt. & vi. 警告，告诫课文：warn_us not to do something警告我们不要做某事拓展：warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事warn sb. about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事warn sb. against(doing) sth.警告某人提防某事He warned me not to do that.他警告我不要那样做。He warned us about the serious situation.他提醒我们形势的严峻。They warned him against swimming in that river.他们警告他不要到那个河里游泳。()The patient was warned _ junk food after the operation. Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating5sometimeadv. 在某时课文：Everyone will be lucky or successful sometime in their life.每个人的生命中总会有幸运或成功的时候。辨析：sometime, some time, sometimes, some timessometime副词，意为 “某时”some time名词短语，意为“一段时间”sometimes频率副词，意为“有时候，间或”some times名词短语，意为“几次，几倍”Sometimes I go for a walk after supper.有时候我晚饭后会去散个步。I met her some times on campus last year.去年我在校园里见过她几次。Last summer, I stayed in Australia for some time.去年夏天，我在澳大利亚待了一段时间。I watched that film sometime last year.我在去年的某个时候看过这部电影。()Do you go to work by bus every day.Not really. I _ ride my bike. Asometime Bsome time Csometimes Dsome times二、句型突破1Always keep the library clean.要一直保持图书馆干净。点津：keep sb./sth.形容词，意为“使某人/某物保持”。I'd like to keep myself busy.我喜欢让自己保持忙碌。让我们自己保持健康是很重要的。_2Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons.凯蒂忙于她的舞蹈课。点津：be busy with sth.意为“忙于某事”，相当于be busy (in) doing sth.。He is busy with his work day and night.他日夜忙于工作。My mother is busy with washing clothes.我妈妈正忙着洗衣服。()The girl was so busy _ a letter to her best friend.AwritingBwroteCto writeDwritten三、语法荟萃1to beadj.enough to do课文：You're old enough to learn about manners.点津：英语中通常用“to beadj.enough to do”的结构来描述一个人的品质和能力。同时enough还可以作状语、定语和表语。He is tall enough to reach the hoops.他个头高，可以够到篮筐。The girl is not brave enough to go near the dog.这个女孩胆子不够大，不敢靠近那只狗。露茜很友善，她愿意在任何时候帮助朋友。_两杯咖啡应该足够让他保持清醒了。_2betooadj.to do课文：British people are too polite to shout loudly in public.点津：(1)英语中用“betooadj.to do”来表示一个否定的结果。我们可以在不定式前加介词for引出逻辑主语。(2)可以根据too.to结构中的不定式是否为及物动词来确定它是否带宾语，此时要注意too.to结构和never一起使用时并不表示否定。(3)“betooadj.to do”相当于“benotadj.enough to do”，通常在第二种句型中使用的形容词是第一种结构中使用的形容词的反义词。注意：so.that表示“如此程度以致于”；too.to表示“如此程度以致不能”，二者在使用时意义不一样，注意区别。He is too tired to go on working.他太累了，不能继续工作。The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.The box is very heavy. The little boy cannot carry it.盒子太重了，这个小男孩搬不动。Tom is too tired to go any further.(动词go是不及物动词，其后不直接加宾语)汤姆太累了，不能再往前走了。She is too poor to buy such an expensive blouse.(动词buy是及物动词，其后接宾语)她太穷了，买不起这么贵的衬衫。她太害羞了，不敢在人们面前唱歌。_他年龄太小，不能上学。_巩固训练学以致用全面突破一、单项选择()1.To keep away from germs, we must not spit _ Ain danger Bin need Cin public Din general()2.It's not polite to speak _ while you are having a meal. Aloudly Bquietly Cpolitely Dnothing()3.I'm so sorry, Maggie. But I have to prepare for my test.It doesn't matter. We can have dinner _ next week. Asometime Bsome times Csome time Dsometimes()4.These days lots of people are working _ to get _ for their living. Ahard enough; enough money Benough hard; money enough Cenough hardly; money enough Dhardly enough; enough money()5.Bob Dylan, the winner of Noble Prize in literature, is good at _ his thoughts and feelings through lyrics(歌词) Adiscussing Bexpressing Cexpecting Dimaging()6.What can I do to _ the heavy traffic in the city?Get up early to work. Asolve Bstop Cavoid Dcancel()7.The machine was _ noisy for us to hear what the worker said. Aso Bvery Ctoo Dquite()8.I have a _ classmate. He sits _to me. Aclosely; close Bclose; close Cclosely; closely Dclose; closely()9.The children were warned _ outside too late. Ato stay not Bstaying not Cnot to stay Dnot staying()10.Jimmy didn't recognize his old friend _ he heard someone was calling his name. Aduring Bafter Cuntil Dago二、词汇运用A根据括号中所给的汉语意思写出单词1They will light the _(蜡烛) when power is off.2They _(警告) him of the dangers of drunk driving.3His car is out of the _(停车) space.4A friend in need is a friend _(真正地)5The doctor gave me some medicine to reduce the _(痛苦)B用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空1A mother is willing to _(risk) her own life trying to protect her baby.2He broke the cup by _(accidental)3He managed to _(avoid) being punished.4One of the keys to _(success) business is careful planning.5Her voice is _(loudly) enough to be heard.6It is _(polite) to speak loudly in public.7The little boy _(explain) the reason why he was late for class yesterday.8Kobe _(practice) basketball every day.9Students chose Jim as their monitor after _(discuss)10He _(pick) up a wallet in the street and gave it to a policeman.三、完成句子1这个计划的目的是提高学生的体质。_ _ _ _ _ is to improve students' health.2会议上主席与外宾相互握手以示欢迎。The chairman _ _ _ _ foreign guests to show welcome.3皮肤使我们免受有害细菌的侵害。Skin _ _ _ _the bad germ.4他伸出手去拿那个杯子，但是没拿到。He _ _ _ the cup, but failed.5活到老，学到老。我爷爷说他要学习网球。One is _ _ _ _ _. My grandpa says he will learn to play tennis.6下次不要在刷牙的时候让水龙头一直流了。节约用水很重要。Don't _ the tap _ while you brush your teeth next time. It's important to _ _7如果每个人都遵守交通规则，还会有那么多交通事故吗？If everyone _ _ _， will there be so many traffic accidents?8谁都不能到处扔垃圾，我们要保持环境清洁。No one can _ _ _. We must keep the environment clean.八年级下册(Unit 6)基础自测夯基固本汲取精华词汇拓展1.train(vi. & vt.) _(n.)训练，培训_(n.)练习；实践 _(n.)任务2.the Olympic Games(n.) _(n.)比赛项目3.support(vt.) _(adj.)支持的_(adj.)(反义词)反对的 _(vt.)反对4.blind(adj.) _(adj.)聋的_(adj.)残疾的 _(n.)缺陷，障碍 5.expect(vi. & vt.) _(n.)期待，指望_(n.)(同义词)希望6.similar(adj.) _(adj.)相同的_(adj.)不同的7.athlete(n.) _(n.)教练_(n.)比赛8.gold(n.) _(n.)银；银牌_(n.)奖赏9.achieve(vt.) _(n.)实现；达到10.donate(vt.) _(n.)捐款_(n.)慈善机构11.organization(n.) _(adj.)组织的_(vt.)组织 _(n.)组织者12.southwest(n. & adj. & adv.) _(n. & adj. & adv.)西北方 _(n. & adj. & adv.)东南方 _(n. & adj. & adv.)东北方13.introduction(n.) _(vt.)介绍短语归纳1.give a helping hand _2.show their skills to the world _3.be born with_4.be similar to._5.give up _6.receive training _7.get to._8.join the competition _9.make their dreams come true _10.做有意义 _11.做志愿者_12.参加_13.为提供_14.把人们团结起来_15.不计报酬提供帮助_16.帮助某人做某事_17.在日常生活中_18.保持健康_19.尽快_句型再现1.为奥运会做些什么是很有意义的事情。It's _ _ _ _ for the Olympics.2.做一名志愿者是多么得了不起啊。_ _ _ _ as a volunteer.3.特奥会给有智力缺陷的孩子和成年人一个向世界展示能力的机会。The Special Olympics World Games give children and adults _ _ _ a chance to show their skills to the world.要点聚焦讲练结合突破疑难一、词汇精讲1supportn. & vt. 支持课文：Will you support me, Eddie?埃迪，你会支持我吗？拓展：support sb./sth.(in sth.)支持某人/某事(在某事上)support for sth.支持某事(此时support为名词)If you raise it at the meeting, I'll support you.如果你在会议上提出这个问题，我将支持你。There is strong public support for the change.公众大力支持这一变革。他一直努力挣钱养家。He always works hard to _ his family.2the elderlyadj. 年老的课文：elderly person老人拓展：(1)the elder 老人；长辈the younger 年轻人；幼辈teenteenager青少年(十三到十九岁)Elderly people go back to bed early, so they use less electricity.老年人睡得早，所以他们用电量少。A magazine aimed at teenagers.一本以青少年为主要对象的杂志。(2)theadj. 表示“一类人或抽象的事物”。表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人的时候，通常表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念作主语时，通常表示单数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。All people from the elderly to the young in China like playing PingPong.在中国，从老人到小孩都喜欢打乒乓球。The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。孩子们应尊敬长辈。Children should respect the _富人和穷人有着不同的消费观。_ and _ have different concepts of consumption.3expectvi. & vt. 期待，指望；预料课文：Liu Ming did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in October 2007.当刘明准备为2007年10月在上海举行的夏季特奥会做志愿者时，他不知道能期待什么。拓展：expect(that).预料It is expected that.预计expect sth.(of/from sb.)要求；指望except sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事It is expecting that there will be a rise in food prices this month.预计这个月食物价格会上涨。Do you really expect me to believe you?你真以为我会相信你吗？辨析：expect, hope, wishexpect强调客观上可能实现的“期望”，expectn./pron.盼望某人/物expect to do sth.盼望做某事expectthat从句 盼望hope强调主观上的“希望”，后面不能跟复合宾语hope to do sth. 希望做某事hopethat从句希望wish强调客观上不太可能实现的希望或表示祝愿wish to do sth.希望做某事wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事wishthat从句 但愿(从句用虚拟语气)()Are you clear what _ of you? Ato expected Bis expected Cexpect Dexpected4chancen. 机会课文：The Special Olympics World Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world.特奥会给有智力缺陷的孩子和成人一个向世界展示能力的机会。拓展：take one's chances碰运气；冒险seize the chance抓住机会by chance偶然；意外地chance of doing sth.做某事的机会(可能)no chance不可能他冒险跳进了水里去救那个溺水的孩子。He _ _ _ and jumped into the water to save the drowning kid.有可能弄到那部新电影的票吗？Is there any _ _ _ tickets for the new movie?5give up放弃课文：Over 40，000 people _gave_up_their spare time for the 2007 Special Olympics World Games.超过4万人为2007年世界特奥会放弃了他们的空闲时间。拓展：give away泄露；出卖give back归还；回复give in (to sb.)屈服(于某人)give a (helping) hand帮助；伸出援手give out分发；发布()I _. Tell me the answer.You used to be so smart, and what's wrong with you now? Agive up Bgive away Cgive out Dgive back6achievevt. 达到；完成课文：You get to help them achieve their dreams.你有机会帮助他们实现梦想。拓展：achieve success取得成功make great achievem
