高中范围10种语法时态课件-2024届高考英语语法复习 .pptx

SixteenTensesinEnglish高中范围十种语法时态一般一般进行行完成完成完成完成进行行现在在do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing过去去Didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing将来将来will/shall dowill/shall be doingwill/shall have donewill/shall have been doing过去将来去将来would/should dowould/should be doingwould/should have donewould/should have been doing英语中的十六种时态，标红为高中必考一、一般现在时一、一般现在时:do/does1.表示习惯的、永久性的或反复发生的动作（常与表示习惯的、永久性的或反复发生的动作（常与every day,often,sometimes,always,normally,rarely等状语连用。等状语连用。He seldom eats meat.I never sit up late into the night.2.表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态。表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态。She loves music.She lives in a villa at the foot of the hill.3.表示普遍真理、事实表示普遍真理、事实,也用在格言中。也用在格言中。Water boils at 100.Time and tide wait for no man.时不待人。4.在由在由when,before,as soon as,till/until,if,as long as,although/though,as,whatever等引导的表示时间、条件、让步、比等引导的表示时间、条件、让步、比较等状语从句中较等状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。用一般现在时代替一般将来时。You will surely succeed if you try your best.I shall tell her the news the minute she gets here.在if的条件从句中可用情态动词will:If the car wont start,call me any time.will表一时的倾向If he wont tell us the truth,well ask his classmates.will表意愿If you will wait a moment,Ill go and tell the manager that you are here.will表意愿If you wait a moment,Ill let you in.客观情况if的条件从句中，当主句的结果是从句时，可以在从句中用will:Open the window if it will help you sleep.5.一般现在时可用于指将来时间一般现在时可用于指将来时间,表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件,或或者事先安排好的动作。常用的动词有者事先安排好的动作。常用的动词有:be,arrive,begin,come,start,depart,end,leave,go,stop,finish,open,close等。等。When does he leave for the south?He leaves next week.The plane takes off at eight and arrives in Beijing at eleven.一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示将来，但前者多表示非个人的计划，指按时间安排将发生的事,而后者一般表示说话人自己打算干什么。l leave tomorrow.(a plan not necessarily made by me)I am leaving tomorrow.(1 have decided to leave)We start for Shanghai tomorrow morning.(日程表上安排好不变的事情)We are starting for Shanghai tomorrow morning.(打算,可以有变动)6.在新闻标题、历史简介、小说章节标题或小说、电影、戏剧情在新闻标题、历史简介、小说章节标题或小说、电影、戏剧情节介绍、图片说明中节介绍、图片说明中,常用一般现在时。常用一般现在时。US president holds talks with British Prime Minister.EX-PRESIDENT DIES7.代替现在完成时代替现在完成时:“it be+时间时间+since”结构。结构。It is/has been 10 years since I took the college entrance examination.8.表示仍旧有影响的已故人物的言行或状态表示仍旧有影响的已故人物的言行或状态,或引用书面材料。或引用书面材料。Chaucer writes that love is blind.Shelly says,If winter comes,can spring be far behind?”9.有时一般现在时和一般过去时连用有时一般现在时和一般过去时连用,因为所取时间点不同。因为所取时间点不同。As the town does not have any entertaining places to go,we spent the evening treating the foreign friends to some real Chinese food.长期客观的情况长期客观的情况过去某次行为过去某次行为二、现在进行时二、现在进行时:am/is/are doing1.表示现在正在进行的、或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。表示现在正在进行的、或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。Its blowing hard.正在进行John is losing hair.现阶段Age is telling on her.她渐渐老了2.表示按最近计划或安排将要进行的动作表示按最近计划或安排将要进行的动作,或即将开始或结束的动作。或即将开始或结束的动作。此类的动词常有此类的动词常有:go,leave,come,arrive,land,meet,move,start等。等。l am publishing a book this year.计划When a bird is dying,its cry is pitiful.即将鸟之将死，其鸣也哀3.现在进行时与现在进行时与always,forever,continually,constantly等连用，表示重等连用，表示重复的动作，使人感到不满、厌倦或不合理复的动作，使人感到不满、厌倦或不合理,有时还表示赞赏、满意。有时还表示赞赏、满意。He is perpetually interfering in my affairs.不满不满The man is always boasting.厌倦厌倦The students are making progress constantly.满意满意4.wonder,hope等少数动词的进行时可以表示委婉语气等少数动词的进行时可以表示委婉语气,尤其想要表现尤其想要表现得礼貌或友好得礼貌或友好,在不确定对方作何反应时。在不确定对方作何反应时。You said that there were only 50 books in the boxes.I am just wondering whether you counted them all?比l just wonder更礼貌Im hoping youll give us some suggestions.5.现在进行时可以表示命令、拒绝、不同意现在进行时可以表示命令、拒绝、不同意,通常只指一次性动作。通常只指一次性动作。You are not going.你不要去。Youre sitting over there.你坐那边去。6.现在进行时有时可以表示否定意义或言外之意。现在进行时有时可以表示否定意义或言外之意。You are wasting time!别浪费时间了!不耐烦不耐烦You are telling me!你在教我做事!(不用你说!)Now you are talking.终于说人话了!(这还差不多)注意注意:如果动词含有以下几种意思，一般如果动词含有以下几种意思，一般不用于进行时不用于进行时。1)心理活动心理活动:love,like，hate,know,understand,realize,remember,believe,agree,etc.;2)属性或拥有属性或拥有:have,own,possess,belong to,consist of,etc.;3）感官类系动词）感官类系动词:seem,appear,look,sound,taste,etc.;4)行为结果行为结果:accept,admit,receive,allow,decide,promise,etc.I believe you now.The group currently consists of five people.但是但是强调动作强调动作或或只持续目前一段时间只持续目前一段时间的情况时，也可以根据语境使用进行的情况时，也可以根据语境使用进行时。时。Jean stays with us quite often.The children love having her here.状态状态Jeans with us at the moment.The children are loving having her here.强调此刻强调此刻的情形的情形I regret that the company will have to be sold.我做了这个决定且感到遗憾我做了这个决定且感到遗憾I am regretting my decision to give her the job 我越发意识到这是错误的决我越发意识到这是错误的决定定三、一般过去时:did1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the Yellow Mountain.2.表示过去习惯性动作。表示过去习惯性动作。Wherever he travelled in those years,he wrote down what he saw and heard.3.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.We would not leave until she came back.4.表示某种感情色彩。表示某种感情色彩。You asked for it!你自找的你自找的!(责备责备)l told you so.我早就告诉过你。我早就告诉过你。(你就是不听你就是不听)would rainwould come四、过去进行时:was/were doing1.表示过去某一时刻或某阶段内正在发生的动作。He was playing table tennis at five yesterday afternoon.The students were still singing when the teacher stepped in.2.用于时间过条件状语从句中表示过去将来正在进行的动作。She told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.(would be sleeping)3.表示某种持续动作作为背景（某种画面、情形),以此引出一般过去时表示的新动作。I was leaving the office when the telephone rang.正要做某事忽然发生另外正要做某事忽然发生另外一件事一件事(意外意外)The baby was crying and suddenly,the crying stopped.(情形情形)4.表示按计划安排过去将要发生的动作,过去的预想。She was departing the next month.=She planned to departHe knew that the plane was taking off in ten minutes.5.与与forever,continually,always,constantly等连用等连用,表示某种感情色彩。表示某种感情色彩。She was always changing her mind.不满不满he was forever making mistakes.6.表示将来的情况，有时表示不耐烦等情绪。表示将来的情况，有时表示不耐烦等情绪。I thought you were never coming.我以为你再不来了呢。我以为你再不来了呢。Id rather you were going at once.我宁愿你立即走。我宁愿你立即走。(虚拟语气虚拟语气)7.表示过去未实现的愿望或打算。表示过去未实现的愿望或打算。He was watching the game yesterday,but he was too busy.本来要看的本来要看的The match was taking place the next day,but it had to be cancelled because of the heavy rain.原定第二天举行原定第二天举行过去进行时和一般过去时比较过去进行时和一般过去时比较:1).过去进行时可以表示过去反复做的动作，而过去进行时可以表示过去反复做的动作，而般过去时表示只做一次般过去时表示只做一次的动作。的动作。He was waving his hand.他不断地挥手。He waved his hand.他挥了挥手。2).过去进行时表示正在进行尚未完成的动作，而一般过去时则表示已完过去进行时表示正在进行尚未完成的动作，而一般过去时则表示已完成的动作。成的动作。They were talking about it.I didnt want to disturb them.他们正在谈论They talked about it and made a decision.他们谈了那件事并作了决定3).过去进行时略带感情色彩过去进行时略带感情色彩,而一般过去时则表示客观陈述。而一般过去时则表示客观陈述。He was always leaving his clothes on the floor!他老把衣服扔在地上(责备责备)He left his clothes on the floor.他把衣服扔在地上(客观陈述客观陈述)五、现在完成时五、现在完成时:have/has done1.表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,着眼于现在。着眼于现在。常与常与yet,just,before,recently,once,lately,ever,never等不确定的等不确定的时间状语连用时间状语连用,不能不能与特定的过去时间状语连用与特定的过去时间状语连用(e.g.in 2020,last year)The past has vanished like smoke.往事如烟往事如烟/逝者往矣。逝者往矣。l have heard John say something against you on several occasions.2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。并可能延续下去的动作。常与表示包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用常与表示包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用,如如so far,up to now,since last year,for a long time,all my life,for ages,all day,during the past/last few years,these days,etc.She has been away from school during the last few weeks.Up to now,we have had no news from her.3.一般非延续性动词一般非延续性动词不与不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是在但是在否定结否定结构构中可以。中可以。I have bought the book for a month.x l have had the book for a month.I havent bought anything for a month.4.在after,as soon as,if,till,when等引导的状语从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.(will have finished)5.以下句型要用现在完成时以下句型要用现在完成时:It/This is/will be the first/second/last.time that.It/This is the best/worst/most interesting/adj最高级名词最高级名词+that.This is the first time(that)Ive heard her sing.It is the most interesting novel(that)he has ever written.现在完成时和一般过去时比较现在完成时和一般过去时比较:现在完成时重在说明现在的情况现在完成时重在说明现在的情况,表示过去与现在的关系强调结果表示过去与现在的关系强调结果;一般过去时则只涉及过去的行一般过去时则只涉及过去的行为或状况本身。为或状况本身。试比较:I have read the novel.强调了解这部小说内容/完成一项任务I read the novel last week.强调上周做的动作(阅读小说)My chief purpose has been to find a real solution.一直在努力My chief purpose was to find out a real solution.过去的努力 l can speak some Spanish because I have lived(live)in Spain for one year.现在仍住西班牙现在仍住西班牙I can still speak some Spanish because l lived(live)in Spain for one year.与现在不接轨与现在不接轨,说明是过去住西班牙一段时间说明是过去住西班牙一段时间六、现在完成进行时六、现在完成进行时:have/has been doing1.表示一个从过去某时开始发生表示一个从过去某时开始发生,一直持续到现在并可能持续下去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作。的动作。Arent you tired?Youve been working here all day.Now that she is out of job,Lucy has been considering going back to school.2.表示动作表示动作刚刚结束刚刚结束(有时指出结果有时指出结果)。Ive just been waving good-bye to her.3.表示某种表示某种感情色彩感情色彩。Whos been telling you such nonsense?谁告诉你这种无稽之谈的谁告诉你这种无稽之谈的?（气愤（气愤)You have been giving me everything.你给了我一切你给了我一切(感激感激)4.表示重复表示重复(指指断断续续断断续续,而非一直不停而非一直不停)。Weve been discussing the matter several times this year.现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较;1).现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的动作现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的动作,或某个过去的动作对现或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果在的影响或产生的结果,也可表示延续性也可表示延续性;现在完成进行时则强调动现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。作的延续性。I have thought it over.(已经考虑过已经考虑过)I have been thinking it over.(一直在考虑一直在考虑)Be careful!Jim has been painting the door.(油漆没干油漆没干)Jim has painted the door.(油漆可能已干油漆可能已干,强调结果强调结果)2).现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复性现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复性;现在完成时一般不表现在完成时一般不表示反复（但同示反复（但同always,often等连用也可表示重复的动作）。等连用也可表示重复的动作）。Have you been meeting him recently?你最近经常同他见面吗你最近经常同他见面吗?Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗你最近见过他吗?现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较:3).现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩;现在完成时一般平铺直现在完成时一般平铺直叙，偶尔带有感情色彩。叙，偶尔带有感情色彩。l have been waiting for you for two hours.(可能不耐烦可能不耐烦)l have waited for you for two hours.(说明一个事实说明一个事实)4).love,know等状态动词通常用于现在完成时等状态动词通常用于现在完成时,不用于现在完不用于现在完成进行时。成进行时。He has loved Helen since he was in middle school.不用不用:He has been loving.They have known each other for ten years.不用不用:They have been knowing.七、过去完成时七、过去完成时:had done1.表示在过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前表示在过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的已经发生、完成的动作或情况。动作或情况。By the end of last week,she had written two papers.2.过去完成时常用在有过去完成时常用在有hardly,scarcely,barely,no sooner.than等副词的句子等副词的句子中。中。No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.3.intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think 等动词的过去完成时等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个可以用来表示一个本来打算本来打算做而做而没有做没有做的事。的事。I had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.我本来昨天要去看你的，但是刚出门就有人来访。(=intended to have called on)We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasnt in.我们本想把消息告诉她的，但是发现她不在家。(=meant to have told)提示提示:after,before,when从句中，有时候可用一般过去时，有时从句中，有时候可用一般过去时，有时候可用过去完成时。根据情况决定。候可用过去完成时。根据情况决定。Jane went out to the park after she had read/read the paper.Before he came,he had discussed/discussed it with the manager.4.hope,expect,think,want等词的过去完成时常用于等词的过去完成时常用于比较比较结构中。结构中。He did better than we had thought.Things went more smoothly than we had expected.5.first/second/third/last time同过去完成时连用。同过去完成时连用。It was the first time he had lost the game.It is the first time he has lost the game.八、过去完成进行时八、过去完成进行时:had been doing1.表示表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作，这个动作可能的动作，这个动作可能刚结束刚结束,可能可能延续延续下去下去,也可能也可能不延续不延续。She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in.试比较:She was fifty.She had been writing the novel since she was thirty.她已经50岁了，自30岁起她就写这部小说了。(50岁时候仍在写)He came home at eleven.She had been waiting for him for two hours.他11点回家来的,她已等了他两个小时。(11点时不等了)2.表示表示反复反复的动作、的动作、企图企图、情绪情绪、最近的、最近的情况情况等。等。He had been telling you this.他多次跟你说这件事。试比较:The girl had cleared up the room,so it was very tidy.(强调结果强调结果)The man had been clearing up the room,so we had to wait outside.(强调动作持续强调动作持续)九、一般将来时九、一般将来时:will/shall do1.表示表示将要将要发生的动作或存在的发生的动作或存在的状态状态。I shall be late home tonight.He will graduate from Harvard University next year.2.表示将来表示将来反复反复发生的动作发生的动作,也表示也表示倾向倾向、习惯习惯、必然必然发发生的事。生的事。Spring will come again.Oil and water will not mix.3.可以表示将来时的一些结构可以表示将来时的一些结构:(1).be going to do 表示表示决定、打算决定、打算要做什么事要做什么事,或有或有迹象迹象表明即将发生、可表明即将发生、可能会出现什么情况能会出现什么情况,有趋势。有趋势。l am going to buy a new coat this winter.(主观打算主观打算)The ice is going to break!(客观迹象客观迹象)be going to和和will区别区别1)will表示表示说话人认为说话人认为有望发生的事有望发生的事,可指遥远的将来可指遥远的将来;be going to指有指有迹象迹象表明表明某事即将或肯定发生某事即将或肯定发生,表示客观事情的发展。表示客观事情的发展。He will get better.他的病会好的。(认为最终会恢复健康认为最终会恢复健康,不指不指 立马恢复立马恢复)He is going to get better.他的病就要好了。(指有恢复的迹指有恢复的迹象象)Dont stand on that rock.Its going to fall.不要站在那块岩石上，它要倒了。(迹象迹象)Dont stand on that rock,It will fall.不要站在那块岩石上，它会倒的。(站在岩石上导致的结果站在岩石上导致的结果)2)be going to和和will均可表示均可表示“意图意图”，但，但事先考虑过事先考虑过的意图用的意图用be going to,不是事先考虑不是事先考虑的意图用的意图用will.-Why have you torn the letter into pieces?-I am going to rewrite it.(事先考虑的事先考虑的)-It is really a big stone.-I will help you to remove it.(临时决定临时决定,不经考虑不经考虑)(2)一般现在时一般现在时和和现在进行时现在进行时可表将来可表将来 (参照之前所学参照之前所学)(3)be to do1)此结构表示此结构表示计划、安排计划、安排,或用来或用来征求意见征求意见。The highway is to be open in May.They are to be married in October.Am I to take over his work?我是不是要接管他的工作?(征求意见)2)表示应该怎么做或应该发生什么，也表示表示应该怎么做或应该发生什么，也表示命令命令、禁止禁止、义务义务或或可能性可能性。接近接近should,could,must,ought to等。等。You are to blame for your carelessness.都怪你粗心，闹成这样。(should)You are not to smoke in the room.(must)No one is to leave the office without permission.(can)We searched everywhere but the ring was not to be found.(could)(3)表示不可避免将要发生某事表示不可避免将要发生某事,必然要发生的事必然要发生的事,后来将发生的事。后来将发生的事。Better days are soon to follow.The worst is still to come.(4)be about to do用于表示用于表示即将即将发生的动作发生的动作,句中句中不用不用具体表示具体表示将来将来的时间状语的时间状语。Sit down everyone.The film is about to start.The lecture is about to begin.The lecture is about to begin soon.注意注意:be not about to的意思是的意思是“不愿意不愿意,不打算不打算”。John is not about to do that again.约翰不愿再做那件事了。(=not willing to)(5)be on the point/verge/eve/brink of,表示表示即将即将发生的事。发生的事。He is on the point of making a round-the-world tour.The country is on the brink of disaster.那个国家正处于灾难的边缘。The two countries are on the verge of war.这两个国家正濒于战争。试比较几种结构试比较几种结构:I shall sail for the desert island.(单纯未来单纯未来)I will sail for the desert island.(意愿意愿)I sail for the desert island.(计划好计划好)I am sailing for the desert island.(计划计划,可变动可变动)l am to sail for the desert island.(事先计划事先计划,较正式较正式)l am about to sail for the desert island.(快发生快发生)l am on the point of sailing for the desert island (即将发生即将发生)十、将来进行时十、将来进行时:will/shall be doing1.表示将来表示将来某个时刻某个时刻或某或某一段时间一段时间里正在里正在进行进行的或的或持续持续的动作。的动作。What will you be doing this time tomorrow?2.代替一般将来时。代替一般将来时。Ill be seeing Mr.Jackson tomorrow.(=will)Stop the child or he will be falling over.(=will)3.用将来进行时询问别人的用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算计划、打算，比用一般将来时，比用一般将来时更礼貌更礼貌；也；也可表示较缓和的可表示较缓和的命令命令或或碰巧发生碰巧发生的事。的事。Will you be staying here long?你在这里要待长时间吗?(礼貌询问礼貌询问)When will you be paying back the money?你何时还钱呢?(委婉命令委婉命令)Will you be using your car tomorrow?If not,can I borrow it?(碰巧也用碰巧也用)4.用于表现将来的情形用于表现将来的情形,带有带有感情感情色彩。色彩。We shall be thinking of you.Ill be loving you forever.十一、将来完成时十一、将来完成时:will/shall have done1.表示将来某时之前或某动作发生之前表示将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成已经完成的动作。的动作。I shall have finished it by next Friday.2.表示一个表示一个持续持续到将来某时或某动作之前的动作。到将来某时或某动作之前的动作。By next Monday,she will have studied here for three years.十二、将来完成进行时十二、将来完成进行时:will/shall have been doing 表示将来某时、某事表示将来某时、某事之前之前已已发生发生的动作的动作,一直持续到将来某一时间一直持续到将来某一时间(是是否持续要根据上下文否持续要根据上下文)。常同表示。常同表示将来将来的某一时间状语连用。的某一时间状语连用。By the time the sun sets,they will have been working on the farm for six hours.It will have been snowing for a whole week if it snows again tomorrow.十三、过去将来时十三、过去