专题 04 动词和动词短语(教师版)-十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）.docx

专题04动词和动词短语 2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】 She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. 2. 考查动词。句意：她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，介词with多余。故删除with。20221.【2022年天津卷第二次】 If we continue to_ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.A. highlightB. identifyC. ignoreD. prevent【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。2.【2022.6新高考1卷 完形填空】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we _47_, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly _48_ our peaceful morning trip. 47. A. signed upB. calmed downC. checked outD. headed off48. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. completedD. recorded【答案】D、B【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。3.【2022.6全国甲卷 完形填空】When I first dated Steve, I _43_ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.43. A. fearedB. doubtedC. hopedD. learned【答案】D【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。4.【2022.6全国乙卷 完形填空】They simply _58_ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. 58. A. hold backB. relate toC. insist onD. make up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。5.【2022年1月浙江卷】"I was simply 37      a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at  her home in Toronto.37.A.getting over    B.going through   C.holding on   D.passing down【答案】B【解析】根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾，主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知，她在经历（going through）一种糟糕的体验。2021年1【2021年天津卷第一次】Henry David Thoreau was happy to _ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.AjudgeBdifferCwithdrawDbenefit【答案】C【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。2. 【2021年天津卷第二次】I wanted to make dumplings but found I had _ flour, so I went out to buy some.A. made up forB. run out ofC. kept away fromD. got down to【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。3. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have_ the same for nearly 40 years.A. stayedB. turnedC. grownD. got【答案】A【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。2020年1.【2020·江苏卷】There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _ garbage in a short time.A. clarifyB. justifyC. satisfyD. classify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。2. 【2020·江苏卷】The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, _ a new generation of virtual reality.A. allowing forB. accounting forC. calling forD. compensating for【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使成为可能，促进的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。3【2020·天津卷】I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother _ him.Adrank a toast toBplayed a joke onCkept an eye onDmade an apology to【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为干杯；B. played a joke on开的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。4【2020·天津卷】We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she _, saying that she felt like walking.AunderstoodBacceptedCcompromisedDdeclined【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。5【2020·天津卷】We cant _ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesnt work.Atake upBcarry outCkeep onDput off【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesnt work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。6【2020·天津卷】We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she _, saying that she felt like walking.AunderstoodBacceptedCcompromisedDdeclined【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。20191.【2019年江苏卷】More wind power stations will _ to meet the demand for clean energy.A. take upB. clear upC. hold upD. spring up24.D【解析】考查动词词组。句意：为了满足新能源的需求，更多的风力发电站将会被建立起来。A. take up开始从事，占领，开始干（工作）；B. clear up整理，收拾，解决（问题）；C. hold up（论点、理论等） 站得住脚，阻挡，举起；D. spring up出现，涌现。故选D。2. 【2019年江苏卷】A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ man's intelligence and creativity.A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring34.B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。3.【2019年天津卷】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't _ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。20181. 【2018年江苏卷】Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.A. indicate B. investigateC. imitate D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。2. 【2018年江苏卷】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.A. calls for B. calls onC. calls off D. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。3. 【2018年天津卷】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。4.【2018年天津卷】 It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquireC. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display 显示;B.acquire 获得;C.teach教 ;D.test测试。故选 B。20171. 【2017年江苏卷】Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】25. B 【解析】考查短语辨析。hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手； B. bring out使显现，阐明，出版；C. pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取使显现之意，故选B。考点：考查动词短语辨析2. 【2017年江苏卷】A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen【答案】30. A 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. shape塑造，决定的形成，影响的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。3. 【2017年天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。4. 【2017年天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard.as (把看做)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致20161. 【2016年浙江卷】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon【答案】A【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分开的时候，我们就会获得很多。A. 将分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。考点：考查动词辨析。2. 【2016年浙江卷】When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt _ from the world.A. carried awayB. broken downC. cut offD. brought up 【答案】C【解析】句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。故选C。考点：考查动词短语。3. 【2016年浙江卷】When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that _ my interest.A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled【答案】C【解析】句意：最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。考点：考查动词辨析。4. 【2016年天津卷】Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A. put B. make C. take D. give【答案】C【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。短语take advantage of意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。考点：考查动词和短语。5.【2016年天津卷】 I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to _ a conversation with her. A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off【答案】A【解析】句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。考点：考查动词短语辨析。6. 【2016年江苏卷】He did not _ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流，沟通。根据句意可知C项正确。考点：考查动词词义辨析7. 【2016年江苏卷】Many businesses started up by college students have _ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；根据句意可知B项正确。20151.【2015年福建卷】 It is said that body language55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.A. lies inB. accounts forC. consists ofD. goes with【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A.lies in在于；B.accounts for说明、引起；C.consists of包括；D.goes with相伴。该句意思为：据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而你所说的话只占百分之七。故选B2.【2015年湖北卷】The team are working hard to _ the problem so that they can find the best solution.A.face B.prevent C.raise D.analyze 【答案】D【解析】句意:团队正在努力分析这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A 项“面对”;B 项“阳止”;C项“提出，举起”;D 项“分析”。故选 D 项。3.【2015年湖北卷】In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to _ that smoeone was moving about upstairs.A.whisper B.signal C.declare D.complain【答案】B【解析】句意：为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低声说，私语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项“（正式）宣称”；D项“抱怨”。故选B项。4.【2015年湖北卷】There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.A.leaves out B.goes against C.lies in D.makes up 【答案】C【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，和好”。故选C项。5.【2015年湖北卷】Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will _ sooner or later.A.stand out B.break up C.get out D.turn up 【答案】D【解析】句意:别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A 项“突出”;B 项“结束，解散，分手”C项“出去，出版，被泄露”; D 项“出现，露面”。故选 D 项。6. 【2015年江苏卷】Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential.A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop【答案】D【解析】句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速，加快”；B项“改善，提高”；C项“表现”；D项“发展”。故选D项。7. 【2015年江苏卷】The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for【答案】B【解析】句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A项“向申请，适用于”；B项“迎合，满足的需要，为提供服务”；C项“对有吸引力，呼吁”；D项“猎取，寻找”。故选B项。8.【2015年江苏卷】 The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on【答案】C【解析】：句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。9. 【2015年陕西卷】Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up【答案】A【解析】句意: Peter 在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up 章起，开始从事; put up 竖立;搭建;add up 加起来; breakup 结束; 分解。所以选 A。10. 【2015年天津卷】Tom had to _ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.A. turn inB. turn downC. turn overD. turn to【答案】B【解析】句意:上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A.turn in 上交;B.turn dow 拒绝C.turn over 移交;D.turn to 求助。根据向意可知选 B。11.【2015年天津卷】 If you have any doubts about your health, youd better _ your doctor at once.A. convinceB. consultC. avoidD. affect【答案】B【解析】句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。A. convince 说服；B. consult咨询； C. avoid 避免；D. affect影响。根据句意可知选B。12. 【2015年浙江卷】Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download【答案】C【解析】句意:研究已经表明，左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A 意为生产或制造，B 意为发音，C 意为处理，D 意为下载。该题考查的是词义辨析，4 个选项的意思都非常的不一样，所以在作答的时候，要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常识，耳朵不能够生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是 C。=13.【2015年浙江卷】Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away【答案】D【解析】句意: 肢体语言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的。A 意为拿走;B 意为扔掉;C意为放好;D 意为泄露，而且和 sed out 同义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配，这是动词加介词的搭配，其中四个介词都是一样的(away)，不同的是动词，正确理解四是个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。Take 意为皇走，throw 意为扔掉，Put 意为放，give 意为给。根据句意可以排除 ABC，所以得出答案为D 。14 .【2015年浙江卷】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or o