专题 21 完形填空说明文、议论文（教师版）--十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）.docx

专题21完形填空说明文、议论文2022年完形填空说明文、议论文Close 1【2022年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, theres something highly exciting about _21_ someone elses glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably _22_ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies _23_ .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was _24_ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our _25_ research results in child developmental psychology _26_ that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each _27_ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or _28_ . We then asked the child if she could _29_ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldnt. The same _30_ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: _31_ children said that they couldnt _32_ to her. A number of _33_ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects _34_ the questions and knew _35_ what was asked of them. Their _36_ to the questions reflected their true _37_ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply _38_ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our _39_ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _40_ when others use it.21. A. followingB. takingC. escapingD. directing22. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick23. A. exposedB. examinedC. untouchedD. imbalanced24. A. supportedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted25. A. disappointingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired26. A. explainedB. confirmedC. contradictedD. tested27. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. doctor28. A. feetB. noseC. handsD. ears29. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fool30. A. eventB. thingC. actionD. accident31. A. YetB. NowC. SoonD. Once32. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave33. A. instructionsB. descriptionsC. experimentsD. assumptions34. A. comprehendedB. predictedC. exploredD. ignored35. A. partlyB. honestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly36. A. responsesB. approachesC. contributionD. sensitivity37. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpose38. A. hold backB. relate toC. insist onD. make up39. A. limitationsB. requirementsC. theoriesD. findings40. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldnt _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。【38题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。Close 2【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they _16_ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out _17_ he were flying, his eyes wide with _18_. His trust in me is _19_ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of _20_ . I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets _21_ , it will need more effort and sound judgment_22_ . Trust is such an important part of a _23_ relationship that its something that cant _24_ to lose. Every time I _25_ Jacky to something new, hell do it only because he trusts me and feels _26_ in the knowledge that he wont get hurt ._27_ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _28_ that, when hes swimming in the big pool, Ill come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. _29_ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _30_ . It is something that every manager should work hard to _31_ among their team. If people dont trust you, theyre unlikely to _32_ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _33_ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _34_ you their best. Good _35_, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.16. A. deserveB. missC. loveD. know17. A. as ifB. in caseC. even thoughD. so that18. A. fearB. excitementC. doubtD. astonishment19. A. reasonableB. limitedC. absoluteD. important20. A. reliefB. satisfactionC. achievementD. responsibility21. A. olderB. busierC. quieterD. healthier22. A. on my behalfB. on my partC. in my honorD. in my name23. A. long-distanceB. high-riskC. parent-childD. teacher-student24. A. affordB. chooseC. waitD. expect25. A. attachB. compareC. adjustD. introduce26. A. safeB. happyC. proudD. grateful27. A. Above allB. In additionC. At firstD. For example28. A. admitB. believeC. suggestD. imagine29. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. SimilarlyD. Fortunately30. A. affectionB. determinationC. friendshipD. leadership31. A. assessB. organizeC. developD. understand32. A. repeatB. followC. changeD. forget33. A. gestureB. measureC. bondD. lack34. A. tellingB. givingC. sellingD. sending35. A. managementB. personalityC. communicationD. education【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 2 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment _7_”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a _8_ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _13_ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people dont trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。35.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。Close 3【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they _16_ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out _17_ he were flying, his eyes wide with _18_. His trust in me is _19_ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of _20_ . I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets _21_ , it will need more effort and sound judgment_22_ . Trust is such an important part of a _23_ relationship that its something that cant _24_ to lose. Every time I _25_ Jacky to something new, hell do it only because he trusts me and feels _26_ in the knowledge that he wont get hurt ._27_ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _28_ that, when hes swimming in the big pool, Ill come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. _29_ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _30_ . It is something that every manager should work hard to _31_ among their team. If people dont trust you, theyre unlikely to _32_ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _33_ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _34_ you their best. Good _35_, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.16. A. deserveB. missC. loveD. know17. A. as ifB. in caseC. even thoughD. so that18. A. fearB. excitementC. doubtD. astonishment19. A. reasonableB. limitedC. absoluteD. important20. A. reliefB. satisfactionC. achievementD. responsibility21. A. olderB. busierC. quieterD. healthier22. A. on my behalfB. on my partC. in my honorD. in my name23. A. long-distanceB. high-riskC. parent-childD. teacher-student24. A. affordB. chooseC. waitD. expect25. A. attachB. compareC. adjustD. introduce26. A. safeB. happyC. proudD. grateful27. A. Above allB. In additionC. At firstD. F