专题十四 非谓语动词（课件）-2022年中考英语语法知识点大全.pptx

备战备战2022中考英语语法专题过关中考英语语法专题过关 专题十四专题十四 非谓语动词非谓语动词20212021年中考考点真题年中考考点真题1.(济南)Have you finished your book report yet?No,I havent.I plan _ it this weekend.A.write B.wrote C.writing D.to write2.(呼和浩特)Because of COVID-19,the government advised us _ to the public places less.A.goingB.to goC.not to go D.go3.(云南)The earth is in great danger now.We have to do something _ it.A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.protectedD考点考点1：动词不定式的用法：动词不定式的用法BC20212021年中考考点真题年中考考点真题4.(苏州)Dont get on the bus before _（清点）the total number of your team members.5.(阜新)Youd better avoid _（make）such a mistake again in our daily life.6.(黑龙江)Would you mind _(close)the door？counting考点考点2：动名词的用法：动名词的用法makingclosing20212021年中考考点真题年中考考点真题7.(成都)It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind _ hard.A.blownB.blowing C.to blow8.(大庆)He spoke louder to make himself _（hear）.B考点考点3：分词的用法：分词的用法heard非谓语动词非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式基本形式基本形式:to+动词原形动词原形;省略省略to的不定式的不定式否定形式否定形式:not to do sth.形式形式句法功能句法功能作主语作主语作定语作定语作宾语作宾语作状语作状语作宾语补足语作宾语补足语作表语作表语 图 解 语 法动名词动名词分词分词与疑问词连用与疑问词连用形式形式:动词原形动词原形+ing形式形式句法功能句法功能作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作表语作表语作定语作定语现在分词形式现在分词形式:动词原形动词原形+ing过去分词形式：过去分词形式：done形式形式句法功能句法功能现在分词表主动、表进行现在分词表主动、表进行过去分词表被动、表完成过去分词表被动、表完成1.不定式的形式不定式的形式(1)基本形式：基本形式：to动词原形；动词原形；省略省略to的不定式；的不定式；(2)否定形式：否定形式：not to do sth.。动词不定式，为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不动词不定式，为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。动词不定式的定义和构成动词不定式的定义和构成考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法作主语作主语动词不定式作主语，动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数谓语动词用第三人称单数。为保持句子平衡，常用为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语作形式主语。To do morning exercises is good for our health.Its good for our health to do morning exercises.考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法动词不定式做真实主语的特殊句型：动词不定式做真实主语的特殊句型：“It is+形容词形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为意为“做某事对某人来做某事对某人来说是说是的的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，如。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，如difficult，easy，important，dangerous，impossible等。等。It is imponant _people_(learn)good manners.“It is+形容词形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为意为“做某事对某人来说做某事对某人来说是是的的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，如如kind，nice，right，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。等。Let me help you carry the box，Granny.Thank you,Li Lei.Its very nice_ you_(help)me.for to learn of to help.“Its a/ones+n.（task/duty/job）.+to do sth.”意为意为“做某事是做某事是的任务的任务/职责职责/工作工作”。如：。如：Its our duty_(keep)our city clean and beautiful.Yes.We should do something for it.“It takes sb some time to do sth.”意为意为“某人做某事花某人做某事花费多长时间费多长时间”。It takes him two hours every week _(do)the housework.考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法 to keep to do 考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法作作宾语宾语动词不定式作宾语，表明意图，希望或决定的内容。动词不定式作宾语，表明意图，希望或决定的内容。1.有些及物动词如有些及物动词如afford，need，agree，ask，decide，choose，hope，offer，plan，hate，refuse等用不定式做宾语，结构为等用不定式做宾语，结构为“动词动词+to do sth.”。He decided to buy a new car.2.有些动词或动词词组如有些动词或动词词组如decide,know,show,tell,forget,remember,learn,find out等可以用等可以用“疑问词疑问词+to do sth.”结构作宾语。结构作宾语。They havent decided whether to accept the invitation.3.find/feel/think+it+adj./n.+to do sth.句型中句型中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的后面的to do sth.。The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法作作宾语补足语宾语补足语在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，表示宾表示宾语所代表的人或物所做的动作。语所代表的人或物所做的动作。常跟宾语补足语的动词有：常跟宾语补足语的动词有：wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,allow,prepare,force,wait for,invite等等.The teacher wants us all to become good pupils.此动作的执行者是此动作的执行者是“我们我们”谓语动词如果是使役动词谓语动词如果是使役动词make，let，have或表示或表示感觉的动词感觉的动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to等，后面复合结构中的不定式不带等，后面复合结构中的不定式不带to，They made the boy go to bed early.考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法作作状语状语动词不定式可在句中作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等，动词不定式可在句中作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等，一、作目的状语。一、作目的状语。动词不定式可以独立作目的状语，也可以用在动词不定式可以独立作目的状语，也可以用在so as(to)或或in order(to)后表示目的。从结构上讲，不定式作目的状后表示目的。从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语置于语置于句首时句首时，通常用，通常用逗号与句子隔开逗号与句子隔开；如果置于；如果置于句末句末，前面则不用句号。前面则不用句号。He got nearer to see clearly.The blind men felt the elephant in order to find out what it looked like.To improve their service,the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法作作状语状语二、作结果状语。二、作结果状语。动词不定式作结果状语通常用于动词不定式作结果状语通常用于 tooto，enough to等等结构。如：结构。如：The boy is too short to reach the bookshelf.The girl was kind enough to help the old man off the bus.三、作原因状语。三、作原因状语。动词不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后，这些形容词动词不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后，这些形容词有有happy,ashamed,sorry,glad,angry,discouraged,shocked 等。等。They were proud to have found the cave paintings.考点考点1 1：不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法作作定语定语不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和修饰关系。1.主谓关系He is always the first person to come.2.动宾关系She has a child to take care of.3.同位关系We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.4.修饰关系Now it is time to begin our class.1.It is necessary for us students_the listening ability.A.to improve B.improving C.improve D.improves2.In order _ for the competition,my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.A.not to be late B.not being late C.to be late D.being late3.Some stars take part in the live s reaming(直播带货).Yes,they make efforts _ product sales in order to help local farmers.A.to provide B.providing C.to improve D.improving4.Harry invited me _ with him when his parents were out of town.A.stay B.stayed C.staying D.to stay5.We dont have enough money for our field trip.What shall we do?The best way _ money is to sell newspapers.A.raise B.to raise C.raising D.raised不定式的不定式的基本用法基本用法-考点练习考点练习A作主语作主语A作状语作状语C作宾语作宾语D作宾语补足语作宾语补足语B作定语作定语动名词的形式动名词的形式动词原形动词原形+ing动名词是具有名词性质的动词形式动名词是具有名词性质的动词形式,是一种非谓语动是一种非谓语动词词,这种形式兼有这种形式兼有动词性质动词性质和和名词性质名词性质,在句子中可以在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分做主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,几乎名词能做的几乎名词能做的成分动名词都能作成分动名词都能作,所以动名词可以说是更倾向于名所以动名词可以说是更倾向于名词，因此叫动名词。词，因此叫动名词。动词名词的定义和构成动词名词的定义和构成考点考点2 2：动名词：动名词的的基本用法基本用法1、直接位于句首、直接位于句首Swimming is a good sport in summer.2、用、用 it 作形式主语，把动名词作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语真实主语)置于句尾作后置于句尾作后置主语。置主语。It is no use telling him not to worry.作作主语主语动名词作表语时，表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，动名词作表语时，表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows.=Cleaning the windows is your task.作表语作表语考点考点2 2：动名词：动名词的的基本用法基本用法作作定语定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。This is a swimming pool.(The pool is used for swimming.)作作宾语宾语1.作某些及物动词的宾语,某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，而不能用不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有：admit,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,include,keep,practise,suggest,understand等。The student admitted being careless in doing homework考点考点2 2：动名词：动名词的的基本用法基本用法作作宾语宾语2.某些短语动词后只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作宾语，常见的短语动词有 give up,cannot help,keep on,put off,depend on,be busy,think about,succeed in,worry about,feel like,insist on,be/get used to,look forward to,pay attention to,prefer.to.,devote oneself to.等。They insisted on visiting that plant the next weekWe are used to living in this city.某些动词后可接动名词或不定式，但两者的意义或用法有差别。remember,forget,regret后接动名词，表示动名词的动作先于谓语先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式，表示不定式的动作后后于谓语于谓语动词的动作。I remember buying this book.I remember to buy this book.考点考点2 2：动名词：动名词的的基本用法基本用法作作宾语宾语发生在发生在remember之前之前发生在发生在remember之后之后stop,quit，go on,leave off后接动名词作宾语，表示停止经常或正在做的事；后接不定式作目的状语作目的状语，表示停下正在做的事而去做另一件事。Lets stop reading aloud.Lets stop to read aloud.He went on pointing out mistakes in the paper.He went on to point out mistakes in the paper.考点考点2 2：动名词：动名词的的基本用法基本用法作作宾语宾语作宾语作宾语,发生在发生在stop之前之前作目的状语作目的状语,发生在发生在stop之后之后动名词的动名词的基本用法基本用法-考点练习考点练习1._ is really dangerous.A.Drive cars fast B.Driving cars fastC.To drive car fast D.Driving car fast2.-Would you mind _ the windows?-No,I dont mind it.A.openingB.openC.openedD.opens3.We all know Lu Xun is good at _(write)stories.4.We always take a _ (sleep)bag and a foam mat（泡沫垫）when we go on a picnic.5.Loving nature is _（love）ourselves.A作主语作主语A作动词的宾语作动词的宾语writing作介宾作介宾sleeping作定语，表功能作定语，表功能loving作表语作表语现在分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：现在分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：1.作定语作定语现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。一般现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。一般说来，说来，单个单个现在分词一般可以现在分词一般可以前置前置作定语修饰名词，现在作定语修饰名词，现在分词分词短语后置短语后置作定语作定语修饰名词修饰名词。Keep quiet.Dont wake up the sleeping children.We live in a room facing the south.=We live in a room which is facing the south.考点考点3 3：分词：分词的的基本用法基本用法现在分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：现在分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：2.作表语作表语现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。表示主语的状态。The story sounds/is interesting.3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词或使役动词的现在分词作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。Some people leave the water running after washing hands.考点考点3 3：分词：分词的的基本用法基本用法过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：1.作定语作定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词修饰的名词一般说来，单个现在分词一般可以前置作定语一般说来，单个现在分词一般可以前置作定语修饰名词，现在分词短语后置作定语修饰名词修饰名词，现在分词短语后置作定语修饰名词We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.The concert given by their friends was a success.=The concert that was given by their friends was a success.考点考点3 3：分词：分词的的基本用法基本用法过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：2.作状语作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!(文章是被写的文章是被写的,而且已经被写而且已经被写）Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.（seen 为过去分词作状语为过去分词作状语,表表被看被看,由语境可知由语境可知,它的逻它的逻辑主语是城市辑主语是城市,城市是被看所以用过去分词城市是被看所以用过去分词.）考点考点3 3：分词：分词的的基本用法基本用法过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法：3.作表语The library is now closed.The glass is broken.(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词过去分词表示被动或完成被动或完成,现在分词现在分词表示主动主动或进行或进行.有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 现在分词形式来修饰物.The book is boring and Im bored in it.考点考点3 3：分词：分词的的基本用法基本用法主动主动被动被动分词的分词的基本用法基本用法-考点练习考点练习1.When I got out of the classroom,I saw some students _ basketball.A.playB.to playC.playingD.played2.Smart phones _ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.A.made B.makingC.to makeD.make3.There are some boys _(swim)in the river now.Its very dangerous.4.Its a popular program from CCTV (call)The Reader.C作宾语补足语，表主动作宾语补足语，表主动A作后置定语语，表被动作后置定语语，表被动作宾语补足语，表主动作宾语补足语，表主动swimming作后置定语语，表被动作后置定语语，表被动calledMany of my friends have computers at home.What are the computers used for?Andy is a top student.He likes searching for i on the Internet.He says the Internet always provides the latest news.Our E teacher says his computer makes it easier for him to do word processing.Its f and easier than writing with pens,isnt it?Jacky is a clever boy,and he says he is good at w computer programs.He hopes that he can be a successful programmer in the future.And my cousin s much time drawing and designing clothes on his 非谓语动词综合练习非谓语动词综合练习informationEnglishfasterwritingspendscomputer.Maybe it can help him to be a good fashion designer.Many of my friends s and receive emails online.Its faster than posting letters and it c nothing!Some of my friends say they can c with others on QQ.And Lucy says she is i in watching movies on her computer.She downloaded Harry Potter VI last week.Tommy often relaxes himself by p games on the computer,which sometimes makes his parents angry.非谓语动词综合练习非谓语动词综合练习sendcostschatinterestedplaying