《全球变暖英文》课件.pptx

GlobalWarmingEnglishOverviewofGlobalWarmingGreenhousegasemissionsEvidenceofglobalwarmingMeasurestoaddressglobalwarmingInternationalCooperationandPolicyPersonalactionsandparticipationOverviewofGlobalWarming01GlobalwarmingreferstothephenomenonwheretheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthcontinuestorise.ThemaincharacteristicsofglobalwarmingincludeanincreaseinEarthsaveragetemperature,glaciermelting,risingsealevels,andanincreaseinthefrequencyandintensityofextremeclimateevents.DefinitionandcharacteristicsThemaincauseofglobalwarmingistheincreaseingreenhousegasemissionscausedbyhumanactivities.Humanactivities,suchasburningfossilfuelsanddeforestation,releaselargeamountsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,leadingtoanexacerbationofthegreenhouseeffectandultimatelycausingglobalwarming.ThecausesofglobalwarmingGlobalwarminghasawide-rangingimpactonnaturalecosystemsandhumansociety.Globalwarmingmayleadtoanincreaseinthefrequencyandintensityofextremeclimateevents,suchasfloodsanddroughts;Negativeimpactsonagricultureandfisheries;Anditleadstospeciesextinctionandadecreaseinbiodiversity.Meanwhile,globalwarmingwillexacerbatepovertyandsocialinequality,andhavefar-reachingimpactsontheglobaleconomy.TheimpactofglobalwarmingGreenhousegasemissions02Carbondioxideisthemostabundantgreenhousegasemittedfromhumanactivities,mainlythroughtheburningoffossilfuelsIthasalongatmosphericlifetime,allowingittoaccumulateintheatmosphereandtrapheat,leadingtoglobalwarmingCarbondioxideemissionsareresponsibleforapproximately80%oftheradialforcingcausedbyallgreenhousegasesCarbondioxideMethaneisagreenhousegasthatismorepotentialthancarbondioxideintrappingheatMethaneemissionsareresponsibleforabout16%oftheradialforcingcausedbyallgreenhousegasesItisinvitedfromnaturalsourcessuchaswetlandsandanimalhusbandry,aswellashumanactivitieslikericecultivation,landfills,andnaturalgasproductionMethaneNitrogenoxidesareexcitedfromcombustionprocessessuchasvehicleexhaustsandpowerplantsTheycontributetotheformationofgroundlevelzone,aharshairpollutantthatcancauserespiratoryproblemsNitrogenoxidesalsoreactwithotheratmosphericcompoundstoformacidrain010203NitrogenoxideCFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons)CFCsaresyntheticgreenhousegasesthatwereusedinvariousapplicationslikereflectionandaerosolsTheyhavebeenphasedoutundertheMontrealProtocolduetotheirroleinunfoldingtheozonelayerCFCshavealongatmosphericlifetimeandareresponsibleforabout5%oftheradialforcingcausedbyallgreenhousegasesEvidenceofglobalwarming03VSGlaciersareretreatingatanincreasingrate,losingmassandshrinkinginsizeThisisduetowarmingtemperatures,whichisduetoicetomeltandglacierstoreceiveGlaciermeltingisakeyindicatorofglobalwarming,asGlaciersaresensitivetochangesintemperatureTheretryofglaciersiscontributingtosealevelriskandaffectingwaterresourcesinmanyregionsGlaciermeltingSealevelriskisadirectresultofglobalwarningAstheEarthstemperatureincreases,thepolaricecapsandglaciersmelt,causingsealevelstoriseSealevelriseposesasignificantthreattocoastalcitiesandlowlyingareas,asitcanleadtoflooding,erosion,andplacementofpeopleRisingsealevelsalsoaffectmarineecosystemsandinfrastructureSealevelriseExtremeweathereventssuchasheatwaves,droughts,floods,andstormsarebecomingmorefrequentandintensiveduetoglobalwarmingTheseeventsarecausedbychangesinatmosphericcirculationpatternsandtemperaturegradients,whichareinfluencedbyrisinggreenhousegasemissionsExtremeweathereventshavenegativeimpactsonhumanhealth,infrastructure,andtheenvironmentExtremeweathereventsGlobalwarmingisdrivingspecificationsextractionandcausingsignificantchangestoecosystemsAstemperaturesrise,somespecificationsareunabletoadaptquicklyenoughtothechangingenvironmentandfaceextensionEcosystemsarealsoexperiencingshiftsinspecificationscomposition,range,andbackgroundThiscanleadtoalossofbiodiversityanddisruptecologicalbalanceThelossofspecificationsandecosystemshasnegativeimplicationsforhumanwellbeingandsustainabledevelopmentSpecificationsextractionandecosystemchangesMeasurestoaddressglobalwarming04要点三CarbondioxideemissionsImplementingpoliciestoenhancethereductionofcarbondioxideemissionsfromfossilfuels,suchastaxationoncarbonemissionsorpromotingcleanenergysources要点一要点二MetalemissionsInvestingintechnologiesandpracticestoreducemetalemissionsfromagriculture,landfills,andnaturalgasproductionNitrousoxideemissionsPromotingsustainableagriculturalpracticesthatreduceNitrousoxideemissionsfromfertilizeruse要点三ReducinggreenhousegasemissionsEnergysavingappliancesEnhancingtheproductionandpurchaseofenergyeffectiveappliances,suchasLEDlights,effectiveairconditioningandheatingsystemsEnergysavingbuildingsAdoptingenergysavingdesignfeaturesinnewbuildingsandretrofittingexistingbuildingstoimprovetheirenergyefficiencyTransportationefficiencyPromotingpublictransportation,cycling,walking,andpoolingtoreduceindividualvehicleemissionsImprovingenergyefficiency DevelopingrenewableenergySolarenergyInvestinginsolarpaneltechnologyandsupportingpoliciesthatencodethewidespreadduseofsolarenergyWindenergyDevelopingwindturbinetechnologyandestablishingwindfarmstogeneratecleanenergyGeothermalenergyExploringanddevelopinggeothermalresourcestoprovidecleanheatandpowerPlantingnewforestsPromotingtheplanningofnewforestsondeforestedlandtoabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereForestpreservationEncouragingtheprotectionofexistingforestsbypromotingsustainableloggingpracticesandpreventingdeforestationAfforestationandForestProtectionInternationalCooperationandPolicy051992UnitedNationsFramewoThisagreementwassignedattheEarthSummitinRiodeJaneiroandenteredintoforceon21March1994Itcommitsitspartstolimitgreenhousegasemissionsandpromotesustainabledevelopment要点一要点二2015ParisAgreementThisagreementwasadoptedatthe21stConferenceofthePartiestotheUNFCCCinParis,France,andenteredintoforceon4November2016Itaimstolimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2Cabovepreindustriallevelsandpusheffectstolimititto1.5CInternationalClimateAgreementNationalclimatepolicySomecountrieshaveimplementedcarbontaxes,whichareleftonemittersofgreenhousegasesThetaxesaredesignedtoresourceemitterstoreducetheiremissionsandprovidegovernmentrevenueforclimatechangemitigationmeasuresCarbontaxesManycountrieshaveimplementedpoliciestoenrichthedevelopmentanduseofrenewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpowerThesepoliciesoftenincludesubsidiaries,taxincentives,andmandatesforacertainpercentageofrenewableenergyinthenationalenergymixRenewableenergypoliciesEnvironmentalreportingCorporationsareincreasinglyrequiredtoreportontheirenvironmentalimpacts,includinggreenhousegasemissions,wateruse,andwastegenerationThesereportsareoftenpreparedinaccordancewithinternationalstandardssuchastheGlobalReportingInitiative(GRI)ortheCarbonDisclosureProject(CDP)GreenconsumerConsumersarebecomingmoreawareoftheenvironmentalimpactsofproductsandservicesandareincreasinglydemandingsustainablealternativesCorporationsarerespondingbyofferingmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyproductsandservicesandbyengaginginsustainablebusinesspracticesCorporateSocialResponsibilityandSustainableDevelopmentPersonalactionsandparticipation06EnhanceenvironmentalawarenessJoinorsupportenvironmentalorganizations,participateinenvironmentalactivities,andworktogetherwithotherstopromoteenvironmentalprotection.ParticipateinenvironmentUnderstandingthecauses,impacts,andresponsemethodsofglobalwarmingisthefoundationforraisingenvironmentalawareness.UnderstandingthebasicconceptsofglobalwarmingFollowenvironmentalnews,reports,andscientificresearchtounderstandthelatesttrendsandresponsemeasuresonglobalwarming.PayattentiontoenvironmentalnewsandinformationEnergyconservationandemissionreductionIndailylife,trytoreduceenergyconsumptionasmuchaspossible,suchassavingwaterandelectricity.GreentravelChoosegreenmodesoftransportationsuchaspublictransportation,cycling,orwalkingtoreduceprivatecartravel.ReasonableuseofelectricalappliancesTrytominimizetheuseofhighenergyconsumingappliancesandmakereasonableuseofelectricalequipmentsuchasairconditioningandtelevision.ReduceenergyconsumptionCyclingorwalkingChoosecyclingorwalkingforshorttripsorsuitabletravelconditions.GreentravelsoftwareUsegreentravelsoftwaresuchascarpoolingandbikesharingtoreducevehicleemissions.PublictransportationPriorityshouldbegiventopublictransportationsuchasbuses,subways,etc.ChoosegreenmodesoftransportationTHANKS感谢观看