4、中考英语必背必练词汇-阅读完形高频词汇.doc

中考阅读完形高频词汇详解1. thought n. 思想；思考；想法；关心v. 想，思考；认为（think的过去式和过去分词）【例句】They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various thoughts【翻译】他们非常吃惊，怀着各种想法来到大厅。【解析】thought 一般用于两种情况.。第一种为动词think的过去式/过去分词，例如：He thought they needed to know the direction to it. （他认为它们还需要知道到那里去的方向。）第二种用法作名词，译为思想、想法。例句中即为此用法。2. carefully adv. 小心地【例句】Then they were asked to write their names on their respective（各自的）balloons carefully【翻译】然后，他们被要求在各自的气球上小心地写上名字。【解析】carefully是care的派生词，care的其他派生词也是高频词汇，需要考生记忆。careful adj. 仔细的，小心的 例句：We have to be careful with fire.（但我们用火时，我们应该小心。）careless adj. 粗心的；无忧无虑的；淡漠的 例句：The boy was so careless that he knocked into a tree. （这个男孩如此粗心以至于撞到了一棵树上。）carelessly adv. 粗心地；不注意地；无忧无虑地 例句：The boy carelessly put the cup on the edge of the table and it fell off.（这个男孩粗心地把杯子放在桌子边沿上，结果杯子掉到了地上）3. solution n. 解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答【例句】Many times in our life，sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems【翻译】在我们的生活中，很多时候，分享和帮助他人给了我们真正的解决方案。【解析】solution为solve的名词形式。solve vt. 解决；解答；溶解。solve problems “解决问题”同样是重点短语。4. information n. 信息，资料；知识；情报【例句】I search information and practice English listening and speaking with their help.【翻译】在它们的帮助下，我可以搜索信息，并且练习英语听力和口语。【解析】information的动词形式为inform。 inform vt. 通知；告诉；报告。例句： How do I inform them of my arrival time?（我要怎么通知他们我到达的时间呢？）5. suggest vt. 提议，建议；启发；使人想起；显示；暗示【例句】Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain【翻译】我们的研究表明, 在生命早期暴露在绿色空间可能导致有益于大脑的结构性变化。【解析】suggest常见意思为“建议“，但是在本句中译为 “表明”。它的名词形式为suggestion，也是完形填空中的高频词汇。 suggestion n. 建议；示意；微量，细微的迹象 例句：Do you have any suggestion?（您有什么建议吗?。）6. improvement n. 改进，改善；提高【例句】Selfimprovement may not be everybody's favorite word，but if we look at things in a different way， we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved【翻译】自我提高可能不是每个人都喜欢的词，但是如果我们以不同的方式看待事物，我们可能会有更大的机会享受整个过程，而不是数着日子，直到我们完全改善。【解析】improve 为其动词形式。 vt. 改善，增进；提高的价值What do you think we should do to improve our environment? 你认为要改善我们的环镜我们应该做些什么?7. disappear vi. 消失；失踪；不复存在【例句】When the calves' mothers were older and more experienced at raising babies, this beneficial “grandmother effect” disappeared even if the actual grandmothers were still around.【翻译】当小牛犊的母亲年纪大一些，在抚养孩子方面更有经验时，这种有益的“外婆效应”就消失了，即使真正的外婆还在身边。【解析】注意记忆与disappear相关的词汇appear vi. 出现；显得；似乎；出庭；登场The Telegraph brand will appear on some products but not all. 每日电讯报的品牌将出现在某些产品上，但并非全部产品。appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，露面You should not remark on her appearance. 你不应该评论她的外貌。disappearance n. 消失；不见 This principle also explains the disappearance of sound. 这一原则同样适用于声音的消失。8. consider vt. 考虑；认为；考虑到；细想【例句】It's even more difficult for policy makers and school officials to channel funds (资金) towards classes like drama, when the skills arts subjects develop are considered “soft skills.”【翻译】对于政策制定者和学校官员来说，更难将资金用于戏剧类课程，因为艺术类课程的发展被认为是“软技能”。9. ruin v. 破坏，糟蹋；毁灭，【例句】But the basketball hoop in their neighborhood park had been ruined by a fallen tree.【翻译】但是他们附近公园的篮球圈被一棵倒下的树给毁了。【解析】注意同义词辨析。 destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”，程度较深。例如：  The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。ruin 也是指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”，但这种破坏不指毁灭某物，而是指长期损坏的结果。它也可用来表示抽象概念。damage 是程度较小的“破坏”、“损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。例如：  The storm damaged several houses in the village.暴风雨损坏了这个村子的几间房子。 10. influence n. 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事vt. 影响；改变【例句】They aimed at learning the influence of human's activities on the environment by studying the garbage.【翻译】他们旨在通过研究垃圾来了解人类活动对环境的影响。【解析】influence 还常用于动词。We influence each other, grow together. 我们相互影响，一起成长。11. surprise n. 惊奇，诧异；突然袭击vt. 使惊奇；奇袭【例句】Alia was surprised by her structure (构图) and self-control involved in drawing a portrait.【翻译】艾莉亚对她的结构图和画肖像时的自控能力感到惊讶。【解析】surprise 作名词时常译为“惊奇，惊喜”，例句：To my surprise, he plays football very well. 使我惊奇的是，他足球踢得很好。 surprise作动词时常译为“使惊奇”，例句：Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity. 告诉他们要做什么，他们会用他们的创造力来震撼你。 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的，出人意料的，例句中即为形容词用法12. frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬【例句】We often believe that someone or rather, most people are better than us - when in actual, the fact is, most people are more frightened than us.【翻译】我们经常相信有人或者更确切地说，大多数人都比我们好事实上，大多数人比我们更害怕。【解析】frighten 作动词常译为“使惊吓”，例句：Did the noise frighten you? 那声音使你害怕吗? frightened adj. 害怕的；受惊的；受恐吓的，例句中即为此用法。13. suffer from 遭受，患病，忍受，患【例句】Scientific studies have shown that if indoor temperatures are high in hot weather, people will suffer from certain health problems and have a lower productivity.【翻译】科学研究表明，如果在炎热的天气里室内温度很高，人们就会患上某些健康问题，生产效率也会降低。【解析】suffer vt. 遭受；忍受；经历，常与from搭配出现。需记忆词组。14. embarrass v. （尤指在社交场合）使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难；使复杂化；陷入经济困难；妨碍（人、移动、行动）【例句】I felt so embarrassed that I didn't know what to do.【翻译】我感到很尴尬，不知道该怎么办。【解析】embarrass 作动词，常以为“使尴尬”，例如：Do not do anything to embarrass yourself or China。不要做让你或中国蒙羞的事。 embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的，例句中即为其形容词用法。 unembarrassed adj. 不尴尬的15. adequate adj. 充足的；适当的；胜任的【例句】More than 60 percent of children and teens do not get adequate sleep, which can put their health at risk.【翻译】超过60%的儿童和青少年睡眠不足，这会危及他们的健康。【解析】adequate sleep 译为“充足的睡眠”16. contribute vt. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献【例句】Other factors, such as noise and light pollution , contributed to the problem.【翻译】其他因素，如噪音和光污染，导致了这个问题。【解析】contribution n. 贡献；捐献；投稿 例句：We will do more contribution for beautifying our life and home environment . 我们将做更多的贡献，为美化我们的生活和家庭环境。17. pollute vt. 污染；玷污；败坏【例句】Other factors, such as noise and light pollution , contributed to the problem.【翻译】其他因素，如噪音和光污染，导致了这个问题。【解析】pollute 为重点动词，译为“污染”。例句：We should not pollute our rivers with waste. 我们不应让废弃物污染我们的河川。 pollution n. 污染，污染物，例句中即为名词用法。air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 noise pollution 噪音污染 light pollution 光污染18. serious adj. 严肃的，严重的；认真的；庄重的；危急的【例句】Lack（缺失）of sleep among children and teenagers deserves high attention, because it can seriously affect their health and growth.【翻译】儿童和青少年缺乏睡眠值得高度关注，因为睡眠不足会严重影响他们的健康和成长。【解析】serious为形容词，常译为“严重的”，例句：What will you do with the serious problem? 你将如何处理这严重的问题? 另一个常用用法译为“严肃的，认真的”，例句：You should be serious about your job. 你应该认真对待你的工作。 seriously adv. 认真地；严重地，严肃地，为副词形式。例句中即为此用法。*deserve vi. 应受，应得vt. 应受，应得19. apart from 除之外；且不说；并且【例句】Apart from the people asleep, almost everybody else was on their phones.【翻译】除了睡着的人，几乎所有人都在打电话。【解析】apart adv. 相距；与众不同地；分离着 adj. 分离的；与众不同的 例句：I could say till death do us apart.我还可以说直到死亡将我们分开。20. discover vt. 发现；发觉vi. 发现【例句】Then they discovered that a special type of bacteria (细菌), carried by the deer tick, was causing the disease.【翻译】然后他们发现由鹿虱携带的一种特殊类型的细菌引起了这种疾病。【解析】discovery n. 发现，发觉；被发现的事物。例句：After reading this, I have new discovery. 这次看完，我又有了新发现。21. successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地【例句】After much research, the cause of Lyme disease was successfully identified (确认), thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctors and patients.【翻译】经过大量的研究，多亏了许多科学家、医生和病人的辛勤工作，莱姆病的病因被成功地确认了。【解析】相关词链接：succeed vi. 成功；继承；继任；兴旺 Only by this means can you succeed. 只有用这个方法你才能成功。success n. 成功，成就；胜利；大获成功的人或事物。例句：What should we do to achieve success? 我们应该做什么来取得成功呢？successful adj. 成功的；一帆风顺的。例句：If I can be successful, you can. 如果我可以成功，你也可以。22. difficult adj. 困难的；不随和的；执拗的【例句】Its been difficult trying to live up to the expectations that were set by my brother.【翻译】要达到我哥哥的期望是很困难的。【解析】在作文中可以运用的句型“Its difficult for sb. to do sth.”(对某人来说做某事很困难)，例句：Its difficult for me to learn physics well.(对我来说，学好物理很困难。)difficulty n. 困难，困境。例句：Do you have any difficulties in your study?你在学习上有什么困难吗？23. express vt. 表达；快递adj. 明确的；迅速的；专门的n. 快车，快递，专使；捷运公司【例句】He expressed that he was grateful to me.【翻译】他表示感谢我。【解析】相关词链接：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情，脸色，态度，腔调，声调；式，符号；词句，语句，措辞，说法。例如：facial expression 面部表情24. inspire vt. 激发；鼓舞；启示；产生；使生灵感【例句】My brother and I have inspired each other to do the best we can.【翻译】我和哥哥尽我们所能激励彼此。【解析】相关词链接：inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计。例句：Where I go for inspiration: nature. 我去哪里寻求灵感：大自然。25. argument n. 论证；论据；争吵；内容提要【例句】Theyve also learned to deal with arguments and how to solve them.【翻译】他们还学会了处理争论以及如何解决这些争论。【解析】相关词链接：argue vi. 争论，辩论；提出理由 vt. 辩论，争论；证明；说服。 例句：I never argue with others. 我从不与他人争论。26. unnecessary adj. 不必要的；多余的，无用的【例句】Are we filling our time with unnecessary things？【翻译】我们是在用不必要的东西来填满我们的时间吗？【解析】相关词链接：necessary adj. 必要的；必需的；必然的necessity n. 必需品 例句：What are the basic necessities of life? 什么是基本的生活必需品？27. represent vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送【例句】It represents your freedom to focus on the things in life that really matter.【翻译】它代表着你自由地专注于生活中真正重要的事情。【解析】相近词辨析：present vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送 例句：This is what I present you in this article. 这正是我在本文中呈 现给你的。adj. 现在的；出席的 例句：The future is all I have at present 目前我唯一拥有的就是将来。n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 例句：Which present do you like?你喜欢哪个礼物？28. realize vt. 实现；认识到；了解；将某物卖得，把(证券等)变成现钱；变卖【例句】I realized this was exactly what Christopher wantedfriends who could accept him and love him for who he was.【翻译】我意识到这正是克里斯托弗想要的朋友们可以接受他，并且爱他。【解析】相关词链接：realization n. 实现；领悟 例句：Let's pull together for the early realization of four modernizations.让我们团结在一起为早日实现四个现代化而努力。29. achievement n. 成就；完成；达到；成绩【例句】In his view, homework has a positive effect on achievement.【翻译】在他看来，家庭作业对成绩有积极的影响。【解析】相关词链接：achieve vt. 取得；获得；实现；成功。例句：Together we can each achieve what we can not alone. 我们一起都可以达到什么样的，我们不能单独。