精品解析：江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

南京师大附中2022-2023学年度第2学期高二年级期中考试注意事项英语试卷考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1.本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。2.答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Where did the boy find the frog?AIn the park. BIn the house. CIn the garden.2.Who is the man speaking to?AA bank clerk. BA hotel receptionist. CA restaurant manager.3.What size does the man want?ASmall. BMedium. CLarge.4.What does the woman want to do?AGo shopping. BSave money. CBuy a new house.5.How do the children feel?AExcited. BSleepy. CBored.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Why does the man want to open a new account?AFor daily use. BFor saving money. CFor a more expensive purchase. 7What is the mans main problem?AHe doesnt own an ID card. BHe doesnt get enough money. CHe doesnt have the right documents.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.What size shoes does the man probably often wear?A42. B41. C40.9.What is probably the mans favorite type of exercise?ARunning. BTennis. CHiking.10.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?ATeammates. BHusband and wife. CSalesperson and customer. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Where are the speakers?AAt a clothing store. BAt their house. CAt a travel agency.12.How long will the speakers stay in the Swiss Alps?AFor two days. BFor five days. CFor seven days.13.What does the woman suggest the man do?A.Try packing the suitcase. B.Buy clothes for the travel. C.Wear jackets onto the plane. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.What does the man say about his working experience?AHe owned a small business years ago. BHe worked at a company for several years. CHe has taught Spanish for a couple of years.15.Why does the man want to leave his present job?ATo gain higher pay. BTo get a full-time job.CTo work close to home.16.What is the man interested in?ATravel. BComputer games. CForeign languages. 17What question did the man ask the woman?AWhen he is supposed to start work. BWhat responsibilities he would have. CWhen he will be informed about his application. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.What is the main idea of the talk?AWays to save the planet. BNew rules around electric cars. CThe production of plastic bottles.19.When will the production of petrol cars stop?ABy 2021. BBy 2025. CBy 2030.20.What does the speaker suggest as alternatives to plastic bottles?AGlass bottles. BMetal bottles. CWood bottles. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFrequently Asked Questions for Yellowstone National ParkHow much is the entrance fee?$85-Private, non-commercial vehicle; $30-Motorcycle or snowmobile (winter);$20-Visitors 16 and older entering by foot, bike, ski, etc.*This fee provides the visitor with a 7-day entrance permit for both Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.Where should we stay?Your decision may depend on how much time you have and what you want to see the most. If you plan on visiting Yellowstone National Park for only a few days and want to experience some of the main attractions then West Yellowstone would be a good base. If you want to have the full park experience then perhaps lodging (住宿) at Old Faithful would be a good choice. If you want to view the most wildlife, then we suggest the Northeast Entrance.When is the best time to visit the park?This depends on what your interests are. Spring has abundant wildlife, roaring waterfalls and wild weather. Summer has it all including the most crowds, so youd better get out early and eat your breakfast on the road! Fall is a special time of year. Everything seems to be declining including the crowds. Winter is a time of being a bit of social isolation. In years past it was more “economical” to visit most of the park. Now it is more restricted unless you can afford a snow-coach or guided snowmobile tour.Can I get Cell and Wi-Fi?Free public Wi-Fi is available at Al-bright Visitor Center and at some park lodges for registered guests. Cell service is extremely limited, with reception only available in or near major developed areas. In summer, service often reaches its limit in these areas.Yet, it is sad to see the latest generation fade away from normal everyday activities and conversation. Get out, look around, admire the wonders. Therere plenty of natural and human distractions around every corner. The last thing we want to do is distract visitors from Yellowstones wonders especially while driving.1. How much is the entrance fee in total if Jeffery makes a self-driving trip to Yellowstone with his father and his 14-year-old daughter during the winter vacation?A. $50B. $85C. $105D. $1252. The underlined sentence implies that .A. most of the park was restricted to visitors in winter in the pastB. visiting Yellowstone in winter is preferred by most local peopleC. winter used to be the best time to visit the park in terms of expensesD. nowadays most people choose to tour the park on a snow-coach in winter3. We can learn from the passage that .A. the wireless connection is not satisfactoryB. Old Faithful provides a full view of the parkC. the entrance ticket applies to Yellowstone onlyD. younger generations make up the majority of park visitors【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章回答了几个关于黄石国家公园旅游的问题。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据How much is the entrance fee?部分中“$85-Private, non-commercial vehicle ($85-私人、非商业车辆)”可知，杰弗瑞在寒假期间与父亲和女儿自驾游黄石公园需要支付私家车入场费85美元。故选B项。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线句及后文“In years past it was more “economical” to visit most of the park. Now it is more restricted unless you can afford a snow-coach or guided snowmobile tour.(在过去的几年里，参观公园的大部分地方更为“经济”。现在的限制更多了，除非你能负担得起雪上马车或有导游的雪上摩托之旅)”可知，上下文描述了过去和现在的情况，现在冬天去参观的费用是很高的。由此推知，划线的句子表明，就费用而言，冬天曾经是参观公园的最佳时间。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Can I get Cell and Wi-Fi?部分中“Free public Wi-Fi is available at Al-bright Visitor Center and at some park lodges for registered guests. Cell service is extremely limited, with reception only available in or near major developed areas. In summer, service often reaches its limit in these areas. (阿尔布赖特游客中心和部分公园小屋为已登记的客人提供免费公共Wi-Fi。手机服务非常有限，只有在主要开发地区或附近才能接收到信号。在夏季，这些地区的服务常常达到极限)”可知，公园里的无线信号差强人意。故选A项。BOn January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first person to have a heart transplanted successfully into him from a pig. On that occasion, mere operation success was the goal. This operation is a milestone for xenotransplantation (异种移植) the transfer of organs from other species to human patients.For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantations basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it. In the case of pigs, the most important marker of foreignness is a sugar molecule (分子) called alpha-Gal. While this molecule does not exist in humans, antibodies to kill it do. So no transplant from a pig with alpha-Gal would last more than a couple of minutes in a human body. In 2003 pigs were produced with a changed genome so as to prevent the enzyme (酶) responsible for making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right direction, but other barriers popped up.The pig for Davids operation had a genome changed in ten ways to increase the chances of success. Three genes had been removed to reduce the risk of a human antibody rejecting the organ. A fourth a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation. And six human genes had been added to promote acceptance.There are other concerns. One is any unknown rejection mechanism. Another is the possibility that the organ may pass viruses to its new host. The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.In theory, pigs can be raised to provide humans with any solid organ, but some will be more complex than others. Moreover, even if these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the worlds demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.4. What is the basic problem of xenotransplantation?A. The human body lacks alpha-Gal.B. The human body resists foreign tissues.C. The life of the transplanted organ is too short.D. The enzyme is prevented from making alpha-Gal.5. Why was a growth gene removed in Davids case?A. Because it would change Davids genome.B. Because it would lead to heart enlargement.C. Because it would make the heart more acceptable.D. Because it would be recognized by Davids antibodies.6. What can we learn about the pig?A. It saved the patients life perfectly.B. It had a decreased number of genes.C. It had an unknown rejection mechanism.D. It was raised in a virus-free environment.7. What is the authors attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation?A. Optimistic.B. Indifferent.C. Disturbed.D. Uncertain.【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首例异种移植手术成功，大卫·贝内特成为第一个从猪身上成功移植心脏的人。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantations basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it.”（几十年来，研究人员一直试图解决异种移植的基本问题。这就是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织。）可知，异种移植的基本问题是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织，由此可知，异种移植的基本障碍是人体抵抗（排斥）外来组织。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation.”（第四个是生长基因，也被移除，以确保移植后心脏不会扩大。）可知，移除生长基因是为了确保移植后心脏不会扩大。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.”（讨论中的那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的，以减少感染的机会，但仍然有可能感染病毒。）可知，为了减少感染的机会，那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Moreover, even these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the worlds demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.”（此外，即使这些障碍可以克服，大多数研究人员仍然承认，增加异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求可能需要几十年。然而，这一消息之后，最终发生的可能性增加了。）可知，作者认为，这次异种移植手术的成功，表明未来异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求的可能性增加了，由此可知，作者对异种移植的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。CWhat do Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths (神话)?Joseph Campbell studied myths from all over the world and published a book called “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth, or Heros Journey. So, what is the “Heros Journey”?He thinks of it as a cycle in his book. The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The heros darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.The Heros Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated, because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. You leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you and then you recover and do it again. You dont literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.”What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions (试镜) for the school play? Baseball tryouts? Love?Watch for this formula (公式) in books, movies, and TV shows you come across. You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again.8. What is the correct order of the “Heros Journey”?Return to the ordinary world but upgrade to a new level. Receive a call to adventure and assistance from a wiser man. Set out on the adventure and go through a series of tough trials. Face a life-or-death crisis and be reborn with some special power.A. B. C. D. 9. Why is Heros Journey myth so popular?A. Because its a way to learn about the past.B. Because its a way to reflect on our world.C. Because these stories are part of human culture.D. Because these stories are always being updated.10. Which of the following may the author disagree with?A. We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger.B. Difficulties we face tend to be treasures in life.C. Our comfort zone will promote our development.D. We should watch more movies and shows for the formula.11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?A. Where to Find a Hero.B. Be Your Own Hero.C. How to Conquer Your Fear.D. Seek Your Scary Cave.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍英雄的旅程，倡导大家倾听冒险的召唤，接受挑战，征服恐惧。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The heros darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero. (旅程开始于英雄收到一个神秘的信息，一个邀请，或一个挑战。英雄步出平凡安稳的家门，展开冒险。在一些年长、聪明的人的帮助下，他解开了一个谜语，杀死了一个怪物，从陷阱中逃脱。然后，英雄最黑暗的时刻到来了，他面临死亡，甚至为了能够重生，必须先死过一次。结果，英雄获得了一些宝藏、特别的认可或力量，这些在不同的故事中有所不同。在所有的冒险之后，英雄回到了他的平凡世界，但他再也不是昔日吴下阿蒙)”可知，英雄的旅程是：接到冒险的召唤并受到智者的帮助踏上冒险之旅并经历一系列艰难的考验面对生死危机，获得重生和特殊能力回到平凡的世界，超越过去的自己，提升到新的水平。对应的正确顺序是。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Heros Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting update