《美联储英文》课件.pptx

Federal Reserve English PPT courseware目录CATALOGUEIntroduction to the Federal ReserveFederal Reserve Monetary PolicyFederal Reserve Financial RegulationThe Federal Reserve and the Global EconomyOutlook for the Future of the Federal ReserveIntroduction to the Federal ReserveCATALOGUE01The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 with the passing of the Federal Reserve ActThe Federal Reserve System was created to provide the nation with a safer,more flexible,and more stable financial and economic systemThe Feds history has been marketed by periods of financial crises and economic booms,leading to changes in its structure and operations over timeThe Establishment and History of the Federal ReserveThe Fed has the responsibility to maintain the stability of the financial system and the economyIt achieves this by setting interest rates,regulating banks and other financial institutions,and providing financial services to deposit institutionsThe Fed also plays a role in safeguarding the safety and soundness of the payment systemThe functions and responsibilities of the Federal ReserveThe Fed is composed of a Board of Governors in Washington,DC,and two regional Federal Reserve Banks located throughout the United StatesThe Board of Governors is responsible for the overall supervision and control of the Fed,while the Federal Reserve Banks provide financial and other services to deposit institutions and the U.S.governmentEach Federal Reserve Bank is governed by a board of directors composed of representatives of the banking industry and the publicThe Organizational Structure of the Federal ReserveFederal Reserve Monetary PolicyCATALOGUE0203Modifying long term interest rates Managing the supply of credit to control long term interest rates and mortgage rates01Stabilizing inflation Maintaining price stability by keeping inflation rates low and predictable02Promoting maximum employment Assisting in the creation of jobs and reducing unemploymentThe goals of monetary policyReserve requirements Setting the minimum amount of capital that banks must hold to support their operationsDiscount rate Setting the interest rate at which the Fed ends to deposit institutionsOpen market operations Buying and selling government securities in the open market to control the money supply and interest ratesMonetary policy toolsPolicy decisions The Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC)meets regularly to set monetary policy goals and strategies The Feds staff conducts open market operations to implement policy decisions The Fed sets target interest rates for overnight loans and deposit rates The Fed monitors economic indicators and received feedback from financial markets to assess the effectiveness of monetary policyMarket operationsInterest rate targetsEvaluation and feedbackThe implementation process of monetary policyFederal Reserve Financial RegulationCATALOGUE03The goals and principles of financial regulationStability of the financial systemEnsure the stability and integrity of the financial system by reducing the risk of financial crises and panicConsumer protectionProtect consumers from unfair,conceptual,or abusive financial products and servicesEfficiency and competitionPromote efficiency and competition in the financial system to lower costs and improve servicesFostering innovationEnhance financial innovation to meet the evolving needs of the economyBanking regulations Set capital,liquidity,and leverage requirements for banks to ensure their resilienceDerivatives regulations Regulate the trade and clearing of derivatives to limit systemic riskInsurance regulations Monitor insurance companies to ensure they have sufficient capital to meet their observationsMortgage regulations Establish standards for mortgage lending to prevent premature lending and fraudMain regulatory measures and means Monitor new financial products and services to assess their risks and benefitsNew products and services Supervise the use of technology in financial services to ensure it is safe and secureTechnology in finance Coordinate with international regulatory authorities to address cross border risksGlobal financial integration Establish regulatory sandboxes to envelope innovative ideas while ensuring consumer protectionRegulatory sandboxesSupervision of financial innovationThe Federal Reserve and the Global EconomyCATALOGUE04Monetary Policy Impact The Federal Reserves decisions on interest rates and money supply affect global financial markets and economics Higher interest rates can attract foreign capital,strengthening the US dollar and affecting exchange ratesTrade implications The Feds policy can influence the US trade balance through its impact on the value of the dollar A strong dollar can make US exports less competitive,while imports come more feasibleCross order Banking The Feds regulations on banks and financial institutions can affect global banking networks and financial stability Changes in capital requirements or liquidity standards can have ripple effects globallyThe Impact of Federal Reserve Policy on the Global EconomyJoint Policies The Fed collaborates with other central banks on monetary policy decisions,specifically during financial crises They may coordinate interest rate cuts or asset purchase programs to stabilize global financial marketsInformation Exchange Central banks share economic data,market intelligence,and analysis to better understand global financial conditions This helps them make informed decisions that consider global spill over effectsFinancial Stability Initiatives Central banks work together to identify and address potential risks to the global financial system This includes monitoring cross border capital flows,bank supervision,and cooperation on financial regulationCollaboration and coordination between the Federal Reserve and central banks of other countries010203Inflammatory pressures Rising global inflationary pressures can affect the Feds monetary policy decisions If imported infection is a concern,the Fed may raise interest rates or take other measures to contain infectious spillsGlobal Growth Outlook The Fed considers the global economic growth outlook when setting monetary policy A weak global economy can have negative spill over effects on the US economy,which may prompt the Fed to adapt more accommodative policiesTrade Tensions and Geopolitical Risks Uncertainties around trade agreements,targets,and geopolitical conflicts can affect the Feds policy decisions The Fed may factor these risks into its assessment of the economic outlook and adjust policy accordinglyThe Impact of Global Economic Situation on Federal Reserve PolicyOutlook for the Future of the Federal ReserveCATALOGUE05Economic growth01 The Federal Reserve expects the US economy to continue to grow at a modal space,supported by strong consumer spending and business investmentInfluence02 The Fed antibiotics that infection will remain closed to its 2%target,reflecting a strong labor market and rising wavesUnemployment03 The Fed expects the unemployment rate to remain low,but to gradually rise as the economy approaches full employmentForecast of Future Economic SituationInterest rate policy The Fed plans to gradually raise interest rates to a level that is neither too low nor too high,in order to control inflation and support economic growthAsset purchases The Fed may adjust its asset purchase program,known as quantitative easing,depending on the economic situation and the effectiveness of its previous purchasesFuture direction of monetary policyDodd Frank Act The Fed is committed to implementing the Dodd Frank Act,which aims to strengthen financial regulation and reduce the risk of future financial crisesInternational regulatory cooperation The Fed is also working with international regulatory agencies to develop global standards for financial regulation and to address cross border regulatory issuesFuture financial regulatory reformTHANKS感谢观看