浅析翻译目的论视角下情景语境在字幕翻译中的运用——以《我们这一天1》为例.doc

ContentsChinese Abstract2English Abstract31. Basic Introduction41.1 Background Introduction of Subtitle Translation41.2 Development of Subtitle Translation51.3 Introduction of Situational Context52. literature Review62.1 Researches at Home62.2 Researches Abroad63. Theoretical Framework73.1 General Introduction to Skopos Theory .73.2 Three Principles of Skopos Theory83.3 The Importance of Skopos Theory93.4 The Relationship Between Situational Context and Skopos Theory94. The Application of Situational Context in Subtitle Translation under the Guidance of Skopos TheoryA Case Study of This Is Us 1104.1 A Brief Introduction of This Is Us 1104.2 The Principle of Purpose and Situational Context104.3 The Principle of Coherence and Situational Context134.4 The Principle of Loyalty and Situational Context155. Conclusion18References19浅析翻译目的论视角下情景语境在字幕翻译中的运用以我们这一天1为例摘 要随着中外文化交流日益频繁，外国影视作品的字幕翻译已经成为一种必然趋势。但是就目前国内外对这方面的研究还存在着许多不足之处，因此寻找新的研究视角对影视字幕翻译进行探讨就显得格外重要。本文旨在以我们这一天1的经典台词为研究对象，以翻译目的论的为理论指导，从情景语境出发来分析翻译目的论中目的原则、连贯原则和忠实原则和情景语境的具体联系，探讨两者的结合在字幕翻译运用中的优势。综合以上分析可以得出，翻译目的论和情景语境的结合运用能够在字幕翻译的过程中更具有针对性、更连贯、更准确地传达信息。关键词：字幕翻译；情景语境；翻译目的论On the Application of Situational Context in Subtitle Translation under the Guidance of Skopos Theory A Case Study of This Is Us 1AbstractWith the increasing frequent cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, subtitle translation of foreign film and television works has become an inevitable trend. However, as far as the researches at home and abroad are concerned, there are still many shortcomings. Therefore, it is particularly important to seek new theoretical guidance and explore the subtitle translation from a new perspective. The purpose of this paper aims to study the subtitle of This is Us 1, under the theoretical guidance of Skopos theory to analyse the specific relationship among the principle of purpose, the principle of coherence and the principle of loyalty in Skopos theory from the perspective of situational context, and explore the advantage of such combination in subtitle translation studies. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the application of Skopos theory in situational context can achieve the purpose of delivering the information in a way that is more targeted, more coherent, and more accurate.Key words: subtitle translation; situational context; Skopos theory1. Basic Introduction1.1 Background Introduction of Subtitle TranslationHenrik Cottlieb, the representative of 20th century subtitle translation theory, defines the subtitle translation as the rendering in a different language of verbal message in media, in the shape of one or more lines of written text, presented on the screen in synch with the original verbal message (姚伟, 2014), which means that translation activities between two different languages in the film and television style are usually placed directly below the opening of the film and displayed in single or double lines. The translation dictionary editors Shuttleworth and Cowie define subtitle translation as the process of providing synchronized captions for film and television dialogue, that is, subtitle translation is the process of providing simultaneous explanatory text for a movie or television (姚伟, 2014). Combining the above two definitions, it is believed that subtitle translation should be a translation activity of interpretative written information that is intended to provide video files with vocal cords and image information in another language.Translation is an important means of communication between different languages and cultures. As a cultural carrier, film and television also need translation as a link. Due to the gradual integration of the global economy and culture, many western film and television works have flooded into the Chinese market, these films not only enrich peoples entertainment, but also provide opportunities for the exchange and dissemination of different cultures. However, if these film and television works from different languages, cultures and backgrounds want to spread well among the Chinese audience, the first thing to do is to overcome the language obstacles. The purpose of film and television subtitle translation is to convey the information to the audience in a specific cultural context under the constraints of time and space, so that they can better understand and appreciate the film works and different cultures. For filmmakers, the purpose of high-qualified subtitle translation is to help them attract more viewers to watch the movie so that they can get higher box office revenue. For translators, subtitle translation can exercise their translation skills and have more opportunities to learn translation strategies to improve their translation ability. More importantly, subtitle translation aims at spreading culture and promote communication invisibly and effectively.1.2 Development of Subtitle TranslationThe translation of film and television subtitles can convey the cultural message in the film and realize the literary value and commercial value. It has become an important way of cultural communication. However, there are still many shortcomings in the subtitle translation, such as the translators misunderstanding of the context, or the inaccurate translation caused by the lack of relevant professional knowledge and background knowledge. These problems need further improvement to find the most suitable translation method to ensure the quality of subtitle translation and ultimately meets the needs of the audience and cultural exchanges.The first trend is entertainment and fashion-oriented film and television (胡磊, 2012). Modern society is full of various life and work pressures, people have to constantly release the pressure of work and life. To a certain extent, watching film and television allows the audience to relax their body and mind. Of course, this is also reflected in the language of film and television, and entertaining phrases often appear in many film and television works.The second trend is the dominance of the strategy of domestication (胡磊, 2012). Influenced by cultural factors, domestication and foreignization are two significant strategies of film-and-caption translation. Both translation strategies have their markets. The third trend is the improvement of translation. Early subtitle translations were done by professional companies and professional teams. Today, this pattern is broken. In addition to this professional translation team, there are a large number of free film and television subtitle translation teams, that is, the network subtitle group (胡磊, 2012). However, the network subtitle group also has problems such as the overflow of network words, excessive pursuit of translation speed, and blurred translation standards. It needs to attract the attention of follow-up researchers, and then solve these problems of subtitle translation in the future to improve the quality of subtitle translation.1.3 Introduction of Situational ContextSituational context refers to the actual situation in which speech acts occur. It determines the actual meaning of the words conveyed by the speaker in a particular situation. It generally includes the time, occasion, object, and characteristics of the speaker (邢艳华, 2009). Canadian linguist Michael Gregory divides the contextual factors into three categories: the field of discourse, the mode of discourse, and the tenor of discourse. The field of discourse refers to the experience thar can reflect the communicative purpose and role of language users in a specific context. The mode of discourse refers to the form of language communication, also known as the channel or medium of communication, that is, spoken and written language. The tenor of discourse refers to the relationship between the speaker and the receiver in the communicative situation and the communicative intention of the speaker (秦秀白, 2002).The analysis of situational context is an important means to grasp the artistic conception and atmosphere of film and television drama lines. Especially in the translation of characters in film and television works, it can not be separated from the situational context on which it depends. Through the analysis of situational contextual clues, understanding and grasping the specific situation of character dialogue in the original work can help the translator to establish a good contextual consciousness in the process of translation, and then determine the meaning of words in accordance with situational context, then improve the ability of analyzing context. Without a certain situational context, if the audience want to master the structure and meaning of the language fragments in film and television dramas, that will be difficult.2. literature Review2.1 Researches at Home Domestic research on the subtitle translation of English film and television works started later than western countries, and the development is not fully mature. Chinas well-known research experts in film and television translation research include Professor Qian Shaochang from the School of Journalism and Communication at Shanghai International Studies University and Professor Ma Zhengqi from the School of International Communication at Communication University of China. Professor Qian Shaochang clearly pointed out the importance of film and television translation in the paper Translation of Film and Television The More and More Important Fields in Translation Fields published in 2000 (钱绍昌, 2000), and he himself has been engaged in film and television translation for a long time. His works include the American drama Growing troubles, The Grand Hotel, The Thorn Birds and so on. Professor Ma Zhengqi mainly studies translation and cross-cultural communication. His translations of The Missing Mystery and Madame Curie have also won the National Award“Flying Award”. The completed research projects include “film translation research” and “media and cross-cultural communication” (王璐雯, 龚小平, 2018). But in general, whether it is the practice of film and television translation and the related theoretical research of film and television translation, China is still relatively backward compared with the western countries. At present, the shortage of film and television translation research in China has formed a great contradiction. The academic status of film and television translation research still needs to be improved, and the related strategies and skills of film and television translation still need further study.2.2 Researches AbroadWestern scholars started early on the translation of film and television works. Nowadays, western European scholars are most active in the Western film translation studies. The translation studies started from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. Traduction et Cinema in the journal Le inguiste/De taalkundige published in 1956 and Cinema et traduction, a special edition of Babel published in 1960, can be said to be the earliest theoretical studies of film and television translation in Europe. The article On Subtitles in Television Programmes published by Dollerup in 1974 was the first to study subtitle translation alone for the first time (王璐雯, 龚小平, 2018). In the 1990s, the western film and television translation studies began their “golden age”, and the theory of film and television translation studies made a breakthrough in the development of film and television translation studies. In 1991, Luyke, in collaboration with four European film and television translators, published Overcoming Language Barriers in Television: Dubbing and Subtitling for the European Audience. In 1992, Swedish subtitle translator Ivarsson published his book Subtitling for the Media: A Handbook of An Art. After 1995, western film and television translation research entered a period of rapid development, and related theoretical research increased significantly. The research results of European scholars were particularly remarkable. ESIST (European Association for Studies in Screen Translations) is a film and television translation research organization established in Europe, there are teachers and professional translators in the association, and many other members are well-known scholars in the field of subtitle translation. The EU (European Union) has also given great support to this organization (王璐雯, 龚小平, 2018).3. Theoretical Framework3.1 General Introduction to Skopos TheoryThe Skopos theory was first proposed by Vermeer (1978) in his book Framework for a General Translation Theory in 1978. He believes that any translation act is determined by the purpose of translation, that is, the purpose determines the means. In fact, the development of Skopos theory has three stages. The first stage is the nascent stage, focusing on early theoretical research at the language level. In the 1970s, Katharina Reisss research officially opened the curtain of earlier study in Skopos theory. In her book, Reiss (1971) transplants the German psychologist Carl Billers views on language function, and further puts forward the corresponding translation strategies. Reisss view makes translation theory get rid of the traditional static language analysis model, which is a great progress in the history of translation and lays the foundation for the birth of Skopos theory. The second stage is the development period, focusing on the social and cultural factors of Skopos theory research. By the late 1970s, the study of Skopos theory had made great progress. Vermeer (1978) put forward the concept of Skopos theory for the first time. The theory of Vermeer allows a text to exist according to different purposes, and the translation is defined as a cross-cultural communication in a certain cultural context. Then, Mantari (1981) emphasized the translators choice and the translation readers situation, so that the translation theory study completely get rid of the limitation of the text itself. The third stage is the mature stage, which is a comprehensive study of Skopos theory. In 1988, Nord combined with the theories that appeared before, proposed a more detailed model of “translation discourse analysis”. In 1997, in the book Purposeful Behavior, Nord comprehensively summarized the various ideas of Skopos theory. At this point, the study of Skopos theory has gradually matured.Skopos theory emphasizes that the translator should focus on the intended purpose of the translation, and adopt practical translation methods and strategies based on this purpose, but whatever method and strategy is determined by the purpose of translation, the following three main principles should be followed in the translation process: the principle of purpose, the principle of coherence, as well as the principle of loyalty.3.2 Three Principles of Skopos Theory3.2.1 The Principle