初中英语外研版八年级下册M8U3写作指导（知识点+练习题）.doc

八年级英语下册 M8U3写作指导一、知识点【语法】that引导的宾语从句（一）放在动词后面的句子，称为“宾语从句”（二）可分为三类：一类是that引导的宾语从句；一类是whether/ if引导的宾语从句；一类是连接代词，连接副词引导的宾语从句。（三）that引导的宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词是that，当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，后面的句子一般用that引导，that没有任何意义。只有语法功能，目的使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句，that可省略。接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。引导that用于下列情况时不可省略：（1）当宾语从句的主语是that时，Eg: He says that that is a useful book.他说那是一本有用的书。（2）当从句前有插入语时Eg: It says, on the card, that it is made in China.卡片上说，它是中国制造。（3）当宾语从句中含主从复合句时Eg: Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 恐怕如果你丢了它，你必须付款。（4）当两个或多个宾语从句由 并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可省略外，其余从句中的that都不可省略Eg: He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.他说那部电影非常有趣，他非常喜欢看它。2.宾语从句的时态：（1）主句是现在的某种时态，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定Eg: (1) I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给我一本书。(2) He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.他告诉我他明天动身去纽约。（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。Eg: He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将参加跳高。（3）宾语从句表客观事实或真理，从句始终用一般现在时Eg: He told me that the earth is round. 他告诉我地球是圆的。注意：宾语从句中，当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等时，要否定前移。Eg: I dont think he is a good student.我认为他不是个好学生。【积累】1.go out alone 独自外出Eg: My mum doesnt allow me to go out alone.我妈妈不允许我独自外出。2.get lost = be lost 迷路Lost为lose的过去式及过去分词Eg: The girl got lost in the forest.那个女孩在森林里迷路了。3.Agree on . “同意.”Agree with sb. “同意某人”Eg: Most of us agree on one thing and we like money.我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情，我们喜欢金钱。I agree with what you say. 我同意你说的话。4.Go on a trip 去旅行 Eg: I want to go on a trip with my family in the summer holiday.我这个暑假想要和家人一起去旅行。5.go to the countryside 去乡下6.do sightseeing = do some sightseeing 观光go some sightseeing 去观光Eg: I want to do some sightseeing in the countryside.我想去乡下观光。7.not any more = no more 不再Eg: She isnt a student any more.她不再是一名学生。8.in the end “终于；最后”指经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后才发生finally “最后”只指一系列事物或论点的顺序at last “最后”可与finally互换，往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后Eg: (1) He bought the house in the end.最后他买了那个房子。(2) He spoke at the meeting finally. 他最后在会议上发言。(3) At last we arrived home. 最后我们到家了。9.be careful “小心”Be careful with . “小心保管.” Eg: You should be careful; the ground is wet.你应该小心，地面很湿。表“当心”时可单独使用，目的为了引起某人注意Eg: Be careful! Its wet on the ground.当心！地面很湿。be careful of/ about sth.小心某事Eg: We must be careful of the snakes. 我们必须小心蛇。be careful to do sth.小心地做某事Eg: He was careful to keep out of sight. 他小心地避开视线。三、写作本模块话题为“介绍旅游”写作范例：介绍张家界的景色第一步：确认时态为一般现在时和一般过去时第二步：描述张家界的地理位置及占地面积等信息第三步：介绍张家界主要风景点第四步：欢迎游览张家界范文：Zhangjiajie is about 480 square kilometres.It is about 400 kilometres from Changsha.Everyone likes its many unusual mountains, rivers and forests.There are a lot of different plants and animals there too.Zhangjiajie is famous for the strange shape of its tall rocks, and its beautiful sights.Visitors can stay in hotels or tents in the park.Zhangjiajie is popular with lots of visitors.Welcome to Zhangjiajie.二、练习题一、单项选择( )1.I hear that he _ to buy a new house tomorrow.A.go B.will goC.went D.goes( )2.My father told me that the earth _ around the sun.A.go B.will goC.went D.goes( )3.This is _ an interesting book _ I cant put it down.A.so; that B.such; thatC.too; to D.very; that( )4.- How often do you exercise?- _ ever.Because I am very busy with my work.A.Nearly B.HardlyC.Almost D.Always( )5.Water is important to _, so there are many water festivals around the world.A.everyone B.nobodyC.somebody D.something( )6.- Do you believe that humans could live on Mars?- I dont think _.A.if it comes true B.that it will come trueC.why it will come trueD.how does it come true( )7.The cake is _ delicious but dont eat _.A.too much; too much B.much too; too muchC.too much; much tooD.much too; much too( )8.He said he _ born in Heilongjiang.A.was B.is C.be D.will be( )9.I _ him to succeed.A.hope B.hope for C.wish D.make( )10.Best _ to you.Happy Teachers Day.A.Wish B.wishes C.hope D.hopes二、阅读理解（判断句子正误，正确T，错误F）Saturday, March 24thWe have arrived in the hot, wet city of Bangkok.This is our first trip to Thailand (泰国).All the different smells make us want to try the food.We are going to eat something special for dinner tonight.The hotel we are staying in is cheap and very clean.We plan to stay here for a few days, visit some places in the city, and then travel to Chiang Mai in the north.Tuesday, March 27thBangkok is wonderful and surprising! The places are interesting.We visited the famous market which was on water, and saw a lot of fruits and vegetables.Everything is so colourful and we have taken hundreds of photos already.Later today we will leave for Chiang Mai.We will take the train to the north, stay in Chiang Mai for two days, and then catch a bus to Chiang Rai.( )11.The writer has visited Thailand twice.( )12.They are going to eat something special for dinner on Saturday.( )13.They plan to stay in Bangkok for a few days, and then travel to Chiang Mai in the north.( )14.The writer thinks Bangkok is wonderful and surprising.( )15.They will leave for Chiang Mai on March 27th.三、写作介绍你家乡”jiangshan”的旅游，词数为90-100左右【答案】一、1 - 5 BDBBA 6 - 10 BBACB二、11 - 15 FTTTT三、Come to Jiangshan for you holiday.You will join a group of 20 people and stay two days.On the first day, you will visit Mount Jianglang in the morning.When yo stand at the foot of it, you will see three rocks.You walk on the mountain, you can see many plants around it.Its so quiet that you can hear birds singing.From the top you can see fields.In the afternoon, you will go to NianBaDu all the ancient town.Its very old town.It has an ancient path and many ancient buildings.The air here is fresh and you can hear the river making sound.If you like history, I believe you will like it.On the second day, you should go to the Moon lake.The lake looks like a moon and its very big.You can eat fresh fish.It tastes delicious.The trip is very exciting.Many people have said that the trip is very enjoyable.Dont wait.Join us with your friends.5