专题16 长难句与复杂句子分析-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx

专题16 长难句与复杂句子分析考点题型 技巧考向分析阅读理解得分低，往往是因为文章看不懂，文章中的句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法考点导航考点01长难句的常见形式1复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。2分隔结构高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。提醒：分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。3成分省略或倒装在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。考点02长难句突破策略通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法找主谓语，即找主干成分较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。方法二：并列复合句的处理方法找并列连词方法三：主从复合句的处理方法找从属连词方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句【题型分析】1. The old man was puzzled by the fact that _ medicine he took, _ he seemed to be.A. the less, the betterB. the most, the worstC. little, wellD. the more, and the worst【答案】 A【解析】考查固定句型。句意：老人感到困惑的事实是：他吃的药越少，他似乎身体越好。此处为“the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”结构，表示“越，越”。故选A。2. _ is no doubt that the Rio Olympics were a great success.A. ThereB. ItC. WhenD. If【答案】A【解析】考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，里约奥运会取得了巨大的成功。表示“毫无疑问”用固定句型There is no doubt that，符合句意。故选A项。3. Work harder, Jim. _you practice, _ you can understand.A. The most; the bestB. The more; the betterC. The less; the betterD. The least; the worst【答案】 B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：多加努力，吉姆！你练习得越多，你就能理解得越好。此处为句型“the+比较级，the +比较级”，意为“越，越”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。故选B。4. It was the first time that she _ such a heavy rain.A. had witnessedB. has witnessedC. should witnessD. witnessed【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这是她第一次目睹这么大的雨。“It was the first time that”为固定句型，that引导的从句中使用过去完成时，其基本构成形式是：had done。故选A。5. The weather forecast says its going to rain tomorrow. Well, I prefer_ rather than_ on a rainy day.A. going out; staying at homeB. to stay at home; go outC. going out; stay at homeD. staying at home; to go out【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：天气预报说明天会下雨。下雨天我宁愿待在家里也不愿意出门。表示“宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事”用固定句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.。故选B项。6. We were heatedly arguing about the financial matter _the telephone rang unexpectedly.A. whileB. asC. as soon asD. when【答案】D【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我们正在热烈地讨论财务问题，突然电话铃响了。固定句型sb was/were doing when.译为“某人正在做这时候”。故此题选D。7. Electricity plays _ part in our life that it is unimaginable to live without it.A. such important B. so important C. such important aD. so important a 【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：电在我们生活中起着如此重要的作用以至于没有它生活难以想象。分析句子可知，play a part in是固定搭配意为“起作用”，且根据句型“such+a（an）+单数可数名词+that.”意为“如此.以至于.”与“so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词”可相互替换。故选D项。8. _is required that under no circumstances _he betray his motherland even if there are temptations like money or beauty.A. What; canB. It; couldC. It; shouldD. What; could【答案】C【解析】考查主语从句和倒装。句意：要求他在任何情况下都不应该背叛他的祖国，即使有金钱或美丽等诱惑。此处为固定句型It is required that sb./sth. should do.“要求某人/某事做.”，此处it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，且从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分为(should) do ；从句中，状语under no circumstances “决不”置于句首，所在句子需要部分倒装，将情态动词should置于主语he之前。故选C项。1. 努力减少生产产量并降低我们制作和购买的东西的数量是我们的义务。(cut back on)_ production and reduce the number of things_.【答案】 It is our duty to try to cut back on we make and buy. 【解析】考查固定短语、固定句型和定语从句。表示“是我们的义务”用固定句型It is our duty to do sth.；表示“努力做某事”应用try to do sth.，此处使用动词不定式作真正的主语；表示“减少”用动词短语cut back on；表示“我们作和购买的”使用定语从句，此处引导词that作宾语，可以省略；表示“我们”应用we作主语；表示“制作和购买”应用make and buy，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是we，谓语动词使用原形。故填It is our duty to try to cut back onwe make and buy。2. 你对考试成绩满意吗？非常满意。这是我最好的成绩了。Are you content with the result of the exam?Not a little. I _ one.（“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义）【答案】cant have a better【解析】考查固定句型，形容词比较级。分析句子，该空为谓语部分，根据题目要求“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义，及汉语提示“这是我最好的成绩了”，意思是说“我不可能有比这次更好的成绩了”，可以表达 I can't have a better one。故填cant have a better。3. 鲍勃经常在健身房运动。难怪他身材那么好。Bob often works out in the gym. _.【答案】No wonder (that) he has such a good figure/It's no wonder (that) he has such a good figure【解析】考查固定句型/主语从句。根据句意，表示“难怪”用No wonder (that)/ It's no wonder (that)；表示“身材好”用have such a good figure。根据主句动词works可知，时态是一般现在时。主语是第三人称he，故动词变单三。故答案为No wonder (that) he has such a good figure/It's no wonder (that) he has such a good figure。4. It _ _ me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想起我把伞忘在楼上了。【答案】occurred to 【解析】考查固定句型和时态。对比中英文句意可知，空处需表示“突然想起”之意，It occurs to sb. that为固定句型，意为“某人突然想起”，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填occurred to。5. 如果你能就如何学好英语给我提供一些建议我将不胜感激。I _ _ _ _ you could give me some advice on how to learn English well.【答案】would appreciate it if 【解析】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“如果将不胜感激”句型为sb. would appreciate it if，it作形式宾语。故填would；appreciate；it；if。6. _ to protect the environment.该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。【答案】Its time for us to take measures【解析】考查固定句式。固定句式Its time for sb. to do sth.“是某人做某事的时候了”；短语take measures“采取措施”。结合句意可知应用一般现在时，故填Its time for us to take measures。7. _Lincoln is one of the greatest presidents in America. 林肯被公认为美国最伟大的总统之一。【答案】It is recognized that【解析】考查固定句式。固定句式It is recognized that“公认；人们认为”，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填It is recognized that。8. 她立刻想到这些是暴风雨到来的信号。_her that there were signs of an approaching storm.【答案】It immediately occurred to【解析】考查时态和固定句型。结合从句谓语 were可知，事情已发生，时态用一般过去时，固定句型It occurred to sb. that(某人突然想到)，副词immediately(立刻)。故填It immediately occurred to。检测训练、单项选择1. ( 河南)What did Tom say to you just now, John?He asked _A. why I am so happy today B. what will I do for the weekendC. who did I play football with after school D. if I could go to the movie with him tonight 【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。句意“约翰，刚才汤姆对你说了什么？”“他问。” 宾语从句用陈述句语序，故排除B、C项。主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去的某种时态。故选D。2. ( 广东)I wonder _It will fall on a Saturday.A. how will National Day fall on this yearB. how National Day will fall on this yearC. what day will National Day fall on this yearD. what day National Day will fall on this year 【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。句意“我想知道。”“它将会在一个星期六。”宾语从句应用陈述句语序，先排除A、C项；根据后面的答语推测询问具体在哪天。故选D。3. ( 武汉)What did the teacher say to you?He asked me _A. why I look unhappy then B. when did I go home last nightC. how could I solve the problem D. if I had got everything ready 【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。句意“你的老师给你说什么了？”“他问我。”宾语从句中应用陈述句语序，故排除B、C两项。宾语从句中的主句为一般过去时，从句也应为过去的某种时态，故选D。4. ( 南宁)Could you please tell me _？At 8：00 pm.A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leaveC. where the train will go D. where will the train go 【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意“请你告诉我？”“下午8点钟。”宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A、D，根据答语可知是询问时间，故选B。5. ( 兰州)What a lovely toy race car! Could you please tell me _？A. why did you get it B. when will you get itC. where you got it D. how will you get it 【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：多么可爱的玩具赛车啊！你能告诉我？宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故选C。6. ( 成都)Could you tell me_？My life is not what it used to be.A. what you think of yourselfB. how you like your present lifeC. what your life is like after you became famous 【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意“你能告诉我？”“我的生活跟过去不一样了。”根据答语“我的生活跟过去不一样了”可知问句应询问过去和现在两种生活的不同。故选C。7. ( 哈尔滨)Look at the man in blue! Do you know_？Oh, he is a policeman.A. what does he do B. what he does C. how he does 【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词和语序。句意“看那个穿蓝色衣服的男士，你知道？”“哦，他是一位警察。”宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A；再结合回答可知询问职业。应用what。故选B。8. ( 呼和浩特)There are so many foggy days recently. We all wonder _A. how is the air pollutedB. why the air is seriously pollutedC. what can we do to prevent that bad weatherD. what are the real reasons 【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词及语序。句意：最近这些天都多雾。我们都想知道。宾语从句语序应为陈述句语序，再结合句意可知是表达“想知道为什么空气受到了严重污染”。故选B。9. ( 连云港)What did Max just say to you?He asked me _A. if I would like to go skating B. when did I buy this CDC. where I will spend the weekend D. that I had a good time 【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意“刚才麦克斯跟你说了什么？”“他问我。”宾语从句使用陈述句语序，故排除B项。从句中的时态要与主句保持一致，主句是一般过去时，从句中也应使用过去某种时态，故排除C项。根据语境可知从句应是问句形式，故选A。10. ( 青岛)Excuse me. Could you tell me _ about the local history and culture? Of course. You can check it on this computer.A. how can I get the information B. what information did I getC. where I can get the information D. that I got the information 【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意“打扰了。你能告诉我关于本地历史和文化吗？”“当然了。你可以在这个电脑上查查。”宾语从句为陈述句语序，故排除A、B两项；又根据答语可知选C。11. ( 滨州)Which song do you like better, Maria?I prefer the song Manual of Youth _ is sung by TFBOYS.A. which B. who C. whom D. where 【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意“玛丽亚，你比较喜欢哪首歌？”“我更喜欢TFBOYS唱的青春修炼手册。”先行词是Manual of Youth，指物，且在从句中作主语，故选A。12. ( 天水)My grandparents still live in that old village _ the local government has decided to keep.A. which B. where C. when D. what 【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我的祖父母依然居住在那个当地政府已经决定把它留下来的古老的村庄里。先行词为village，且从句中keep后缺少宾语，故空格处需要有关系代词指物，故用which。故选A。13. ( 十堰)Shiyan is one of the best places _ people would like to visit.A. that B. which C. where D. who 【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：十堰是人们想要游览的最好的地方之一。先行词被形容词最高级修饰时要用that，故选A。14.What kind of TV show do you prefer?I like the ones _ make me laugh.A. who B. whom C. that D. what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意“你更喜欢哪种电视节目？”“我喜欢让我笑的节目。”句子中的先行词为the ones, 引导定语从句要用关系代词that。故选C。15.( 绵阳)I prefer movies _ me something to think about.A. which gives B. that gives C. that give D. who give【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：我比较喜欢引人深思的电影。先行词为movies，故关系代词应为that或which，所以排除D；先行词movies为复数形式，所以从句中后面的谓语动词也应用复数形式，故选C。