专题 23 语法填空说明文（解析版） --学易金卷：十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）.docx

专题23语法填空2023年语法填空Test 1【2023年新高考全国卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _36_ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether _37_ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), _38_ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the _39_ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long haos birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _40_ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _41_ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _42_ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with _43_ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _44_ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _45_ (want) more next time.【答案】36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted 42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45. wanting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether.or. “是还是”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。Test 2【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong _41_ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully _42_ (build) system of ring roads.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _43_ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural _44_ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldnt work, _45_ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. _46_ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I _47_ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years _48_ (record) everything I discovered.The _49_ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _50_ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.【答案】41. to 42. built 43. which#that 44. wonders 45. but 46. Having visited 47. was amazed 48. recording 49. remarkable 50. means【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从到”，用介词to。故填to。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldnt work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。【47题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。【50题详解】考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。Test 3【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) _41_ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesops fables date to the _42_ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _43_ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, _44_ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, _45_ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _46_ (intend) for everyone._47_ (difference) from traditional fables, Carsons story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _48_ saving their environment.The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carsons theme is a more weighty _49_ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still _50_ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended 47. Different 48. for 49. warning 50. be employed【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。【42题详解】考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在明日寓言中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。【48题详解】考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对负责。故填for。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。【50题详解】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。Test 4【2023年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When _14_(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.Mangroves can help soften waves and protect _15_(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China _16_(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.【答案】14. seen 15. cities 16. has established【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。【14题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。【15题详解】考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。【16题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。Test 5【2023年北京卷】Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention _17_ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, _18_ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action _19_(address)the struggles of people around the world _20_(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.【答案】17. to 18. where 19. to address 20. facing【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。2022年语法填空Test 1【2022年新高考全国 卷】The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). _36_ (cover)an area about three times _37_ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _38_ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _39_ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _40_ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, _41_ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _42_ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _43_ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve _44_ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _45_ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【答案】36. Covering 37. the 38. were 39. to increase 40. is designed 41. and 42. populations 43. eventually 44. as 45. that【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。【38题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。【40题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。【42题详解】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。【44题详解】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。【45题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。Test 2【2022年全国乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _41_ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate _42_ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _43_ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _44_ (large) tea-producing country, China has a _45_ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a _46_ (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _47_ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion Tea Road Cooperative Planwas also issued in accordance with the initiative. _48_ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, _49_ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _50_ (it)first