专题17阅读理解命题来源句式-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（教师版）.docx

专题17阅读理解命题来源句式考点题型 技巧考向分析题型特点及命题趋势分析近几年来全国以及各省的高考英语试题，发现阅读理解部分的主要特点是：1.内容新颖，语言地道几乎所有的阅读材料都来自于国外的媒体或者仅在语言上稍做了加工，但是都保持了原文地道的语言特点。2.体裁多样，话题广泛阅读理解考察最多的是说明文，占45%左右，其次为记叙文，占30%左右，应用文和议论文各占15%和10%。3.题型分布合理，突出智力题目的考察力度近几年的高考英语考试大纲对学生的考察角度大都从以下几个方面着手：(1)理解主旨和主要意义。(2)理解文中具体信息。(3)根据上下文推断生词的意义。(4)做出简单的判断和推理。(5)理解文章的基本结构。(6)理解作者的意图，观点和态度。高考阅读时间分配1.4篇7580分钟，平均每篇1520分钟。2.读文章的时间分配：用68分钟完成第一遍阅读，1014分钟来琢磨题目，每题平均2分钟。高考阅读的特点：文章单词量不大，但句型结构复杂。(熟背大纲，将每篇文章中的长难句摘录下来，加以背诵)作者的观点不一定明确。选项的迷惑性比较大。复习建议阅读理解是历年高考命题中难度最大、分值比例最高的题，高三英语复习一般要求学生在3035分钟内完成5篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解。每题2分，共计20小题，总分40分，属客观题部分。高三学英语主要测学生对一篇大概300字的书面英语理解能力，即在阅读中准确地获取信息的能力以及推断材料隐含意义的能力。考点导航阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：标志类、指示类的信息。a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with等b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast等c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result等d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;what'more;furthermore等e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first等以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握具有感情色彩显示作者态度的词:blind盲目的(贬)excessively过分的阅读理解答题技巧1.先审题，后阅读在做阅读理解部分的试题时，许多学生急于先精读文章，而不看题目所问。而事实上，对于一些特殊的文章首先应该对后面的题目浏览一下，弄清楚每一道题问的是什么，然后再带着问题有目地地阅读文章。2.精读全文，找到主旨高考阅读理解的考查点是理解文章的主旨和要义，这就需要我们在读文章时找准文章的主旨句，理解文章大意。一般情况下，在一些新闻报道中，主题句一般都出现在文章的第一段，以概括全文的中心。而在说明文或者议论文中，作者则在段首开门见山地提出文章说明的中心或阐述的观点或在篇末概括全文，少部分文章的中心句出现在句中，而极少部分文章的主旨需要读完全文来进行自我概括。总之，找到主题句对做主旨大意题有很大帮助，而高考阅读理解则以这样的题目出现得较多，也是近几年来考题的一个热点，几乎每个阅读里面都会出现，所以一定要加强这一部分的训练。【题型分析】1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.2. Where was it that you found your lost pen?3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.         4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.         5. Outsides were two men.1.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat. 2.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer. 3.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.4.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead. 1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.2. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat.  3. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）4. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way.    5. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat.  But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall).  Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat.  This seems to be what causes the health problems.1. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. .2. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.3. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）4. the result is no sound.  Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）5. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.检测训练1Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating system. Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores. Emily Cohen, a policy director, says the National Council supports the IMPACT system She says, “This is an evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is ineffective.” Michelle Rhee created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system in the nations capital.Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of their rating is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. “Testing is probably one of the-its the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So its not just looking at student test performance, it is using other sources of data.”Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school system and improved. School officials say these teachers received help to become better.1. We can infer from paragraph l and 2 that_.A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. CB. this is the first year that teachers are firedC. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schoolsD. schools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teachers2. The teachers ratings depend on_.A. the test scores the students getB. their relationship with school officialsC. test scores and other sources of dataD. how well their students perform in the class3. The authors attitude towards the IMPACT system is_.A. objectiveB. positiveC. negativeD. questioning4. The best title for the text might be_.A. New School YearB. The IMPACT SystemC. Teachers Are DismissedD. Students Test Scores【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了华盛顿学校实施新的教师评估系统IMPACT系统，不够好的教师将被解雇，不能留下来。1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay. (上个月，哥伦比亚特区的公立学校告诉206名教师，他们不够好，不能留下来)”和第二段中“But in Washington the rating system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. (但在华盛顿，评分系统并不受与教师工会签订的劳动合同的约束。所以学校官员有更多的自由)”可知，华盛顿特区的学校官员有更多的权利解雇教师。故选D项。2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores. (该系统称为IMPACT。教师每年在教室里被观察五次，每次至少30分钟。他们也由学生的考试成绩来判断)”和倒数第二段中“Testing is probably one of the-its the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So its not just looking at student test performance, it is using other sources of data.”(“测试可能是我们掌握的关于教师表现的最客观的数据之一。所以它不只是考察学生的考试成绩，还使用了其他数据来源。”)”可知，教师的评分取决于学生的考试分数和其他数据来源。故选C项。3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Michelle Rhee created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system in the nations capital. (Michelle Rhee创建了IMPACT系统。当她引领美国首都陷入困境的学校系统时，她积极的改革努力赢得了全国的关注)”和最后一段中“Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school system and improved. (在去年被评为“低效”的教师中，有近60%的人留在了学校系统并得到了改善)”可知，作者对IMPACT系统的态度是客观的。故选A项。4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But at least five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay. (但至少有5%的老师不会和他们一起回来。上个月，哥伦比亚特区的公立学校告诉206名教师，他们不够好，不能留下来)”和第二段中“The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores. (该系统称为IMPACT。教师每年在教室里被观察五次，每次至少30分钟。他们也由学生的考试成绩来判断)”以及下文的相关描述，可知，本文主要介绍了华盛顿学校实施新的教师评估系统IMPACT系统，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“IMPACT系统”符合题意。故选B项。2Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after she accidentally tore a rare Superhero poster worth about £150,000 live on air.To mark the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was tasked with showing rare magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: “Weve got a very special display here called The Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s. This is a special poster that is worth about £150,000 and there are only ten of them in the world.” Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the history of the comic book poster (连环画海报). Handling the image, Laura continued: “No ones really seen this before.”She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look”. “Ive got my gloves on but Im feeling really nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them.” As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one thats worth £150.000?”The set fell silent and the presenters werent quite sure how to react after the awkward moment. Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didnt know how to react to the “mishap”. “My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves?” Laura cried. Completely unaware of the joke, co-host Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right?” He added: “Im a bag of nerves now, Laura.”Meanwhile, newsreader Ranvir Singh said: “Weve probably got some insurance that covers this.” While panicked, Charlotte Hawkins looked around the studio and said: “Can we just glue that back down again? Can we go to an advertisement?”Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guysit was a joke! Its not really worth £150,000. Its worth nothing!” She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into tiny pieces.5. Which is the right order of the happening according to the passage?a. Lauras colleagues were at a loss b. the poster was completely ruinedc. Laura was blaming the gloves d. Laura tore the posterA. a-b-d-cB. a-d-b-cC. d-a-c-bD. d-c-a-b6. It can be inferred that Laura_.A. organized the start of a sci-fi festival London Super Comic ConB. felt really nervous so she decided to wear a pair of white glovesC. had bought some rare memorabilia about the Replicator ManD. successfully conducted a trick on her colleagues in a program7. The underlined word “mishap” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by_.A. accidentB. pieceC. girlD. program8. The underlined sentence in Para 5 passes us the message that_.A. Richard Arnold didnt want people to recognize himB. Richard Arnold tried to hide his anxietyC. Richard Arnold wanted to give himself a good beatD. Richard Arnold couldnt help laughing【答案】5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了早安英国天气预报员 Laura Tobin 在一个节目直播时不小心撕毁了一张罕见的超级英雄海报，成功地捉弄了她的同事，这令这让其他主持人和观众们哑口无语。5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one thats worth £150.000?”(当她试图把画从展示板上拿下来时，画被撕成了两半，劳拉尖叫道：“哦，我的天哪!这就是那幅价值15万英镑的原画吗?”)”可知d是第一个；第四段中“Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didnt know how to react to the “mishap”. (早安英国的主持人Charlotte Hawkins和Ranvir Singh(在她右边)不知道如何应对“意外”)”可知a是第二个；第五段中“My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves?” Laura cried. (“我的心都快跳出来了。是因为手套吗?”劳拉哭了)”可知c是第三个；以及最后一段中“She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into tiny pieces. (然后，她非常高兴地把画的其余部分撕成小碎片)”可知b是最后一个。因此顺序为d-a-c-b。故选C项。6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guysit was a joke! Its not really worth £150,000. Its worth nothing!” (显然，Laura很高兴自己能骗过同事，她最终揭露了：“伙计们，这是个笑话!它不值15万英镑。它一文不值!”)”可知，Laura在一个节目中成功地捉弄了她的同事。故选D项。7. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half (当她试图把画从展示板上拿下来时，画被撕成了两半)”和第四段中“Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didnt know how to react to the “mishap”. (早安英国的主持人Charlotte Hawkins和Ranvir Singh(在她右边)不知道如何应对mishap)”Laura把画撕成了两半可知，此时她的两个同事应该是不知道如何应对这个意外，因此猜测划线词mishap意为“意外”，因此可用accident代替。故选A项。8. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Completely unaware of the joke, co-host Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right?” He added: “Im a bag of nerves now, Laura.”(搭档主持Richard Arnold完全没有意识到这个玩笑，他用手捂住他的脸说：“我们会修补这个的，对吧?”他补充说：“劳拉，我现在非常紧张。”)”由Richard Arnold说自己现在非常紧张，可知，面对这个意外，Richard Arnold一时间没办法面对，因此Richard Arnold试图（用手）掩饰自己的焦虑。故选B项。3 For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She advises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “Its just like brushing your teeth, ”she says. “You dont want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to educate the public about storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff