专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx

专题28完形填空之说明文类考点题型 技巧考向分析说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下：1.文章多用现在时态说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。3.文章主题明确，层次分明说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。1.利用说明文首句，明确说明对象2.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等）。3.逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。【题型分析】Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28_ , your body clock is confused. You're sleepy all day, but when it's time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you're 29 _jet lag(时差反应）.28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading toHow long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 _to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she is 2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately检测训练1、  The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 1  six months out of the year.    "Of course, we 2  it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 3 , but down in the valley it's darker it's like on a 4 day.”    But that 5  when a system of high-tech 6  was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 7  their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that   9  them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10  and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's central 11 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together.    "People have been 13  there and standing there and taking 14  of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all 16  the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 18  residents.    "It's not very 19 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 20 .”1. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely2. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice3. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide4. A. cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm5. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mattered6. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras7. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined8. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use9. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows10. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year11. A. libraryB. hallC. squareD. street12. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped13. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting14. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold15. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent16. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store17. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly18. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved19. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy20. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing2、There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with 6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 . Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and have been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very involved with local schools. 18 all stories that come out of international exchange, theres a (an) 19 in this one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.1. A. adoptingB. hostingC. raisingD. teaching2. A. internationalB. promisingC. needyD. urban3. A. relativesB. collegesC. housesD. friends4. A. missesB. remembersC. praisesD. loves5. A. QueuingB. WorkingC. CallingD. Ordering6. A. surpriseB. angerC. delightD. fear7. A. announcedB. realisedC. explainedD. concluded8. A. obviouslyB. frequentlyC. probablyD. originally9. A. make upB. give awayC. take overD. bring about10. A. talentedB. involvedC. organizedD. relaxed11. A. familiarB. flexibleC. positiveD. controversial12. A. sacrificeB. devotionC. responseD. addiction13. A. teachingB. remindingC. questioningD. warning14. A. requiredB. advisedC. determinedD. considered15. A. compulsoryB. widespreadC. validD. unusual16. A. frightenedB. relievedC. attractedD. challenged17. A. foundedB. inspiredC. joinedD. permitted18. A. ExceptB. LikeC. Rather thanD. Regardless of19. A. differenceB. anecdoteC. amusementD. lesson20. A. mindsB. homesC. eyesD. schools3、A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his 7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8 but without necessarily achieving 9 result.Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 14 by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkeys some psychology is just like 15 of human beings.1. A. keptB. roseC. fedD. caught2. A. movingB. removedC. discoveredD. covered3. A. happilyB. anxiouslyC. hurriedlyD. instantly4. A. suddenlyB. accidentallyC. occasionallyD. quickly5. A. asB. thatC. whatD. until6. A. ButB. WhenC. ThereforeD. Thus7. A. directionsB. explanationsC. performancesD. instructions8. A. effortB. strengthC. powerD. force9. A. expectingB. interestingC. satisfyingD. desired10. A. whatB. howC. whyD. which11. A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimplyD. Nearly12. A. putB. sendC. payD. shift13. A. gestureB. mouthC. handD. eye14. A. taken awayB. taken offC. taken overD. taken on15. A. thatB. theC. thoseD. this4、When my daughter, Mia, was invited to a kids pool party, my heart sunk. My 41 sometimes got in the way of me doing activities with her.There were moments that should have 42 as a warning, like the family party where I had frightening heart palpitations(心悸) and saw Mia looking at me in 43 , but I just nut it to the back of my 44 .One day, one close friend 45 me, “Seriously, you are the biggest YOU Ive ever seen. So, from now on youre coming to the Slimming World group with me.” Later, her words 46 in my mind. There I was, aged 33, overweight and starting to have heart 47 . What would Mia do if she lost her dad? 48 , I was pulled into the group. With the consultants explanation of the eating plan, I started a dinner with lots of vegetables. The next week, I was 49 to find Id lost 6 poundsthis might actually 50 !With more confidence, I decided to practise swimming, 51 one day being a body-confident dad, splashing(戏水) around 52 at a pool party with Mia. As I 53 my swimming distance, my weight loss become even 54 . Mia loved seeing the change in me and the 55 shone on her face.Im also proud of myself for turning my life around, for Mia.41. A. weightB. sightC. heightD. look42. A. escapedB. servedC. stoppedD. disappeared43. A. joyB. excitementC. curiosityD. horror44. A. neckB. handC. mindD. shoulder245. A. taughtB. laughedC. askedD. warned46. A. workedB. circledC. wokeD. rose47. A. examinationsB. functionsC. problemsD. researches48. A. ImmediatelyB. CalmlyC. GraduallyD. Fairly49. A. upsetB. sadC. amazedD. nervous50. A. fade awayB. settle downC. break outD. pay off51. A. imaginingB. forgettingC. admittingD. worrying52. A. slowlyB. happilyC. secretlyD. cautiously53. A. observedB. predictedC. increasedD. measured54. A. evidentB. dullC. reliableD. strange55. A. angerB. anxietyC. fearD. pride5、As our Earths temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our worlds forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to 1 the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 2 of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 3 death rate.Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to 5 , and in some cases, the forests are 6 permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down.As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 11 the variety of those systems. 12 , some endangered species are unable to 13 and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 15 out on the wonders of forests?1. A. protectB. preventC. saveD. free2. A. movementB. situationC. processD. operation3. A. higherB. firmerC. lighterD. smaller4. A. choiceB. measureC. qualificationD. chance5. A. growB. rescueC. recoverD. decline6. A. ignoredB. lostC. hurtD. left7. A. accessibleB. enjoyableC. acceptableD. favorable8. A. attentionB. commandC. trustD. support9. A. frightenedB. paidC. ruinedD. wasted10. A. commonB. originalC. distantD. strong11. A. affectingB. improvingC. forgettingD. reflecting12. A. BesidesB. SurprisinglyC. OtherwiseD. Unfortunately13. A. devoteB. keepC. adaptD. lead14. A. due toB. in addition toC. instead ofD. in spite of15. A. passB. missC. breakD. bring6、My family went on holiday for a week this summer. I was surprised to learn the sleeping 71 for the night my young daughter had agreed to sleep in a first-floor bedroom by herself.As we 72 , we discussed the deer we had 73 on our way. “I hope we could see a bear or two this 74 !” my wife shouted. At bedtime, my wife and I went to the upstairs room, and my parents-in-law (岳父母) headed for a 75 on the first floor. My wife and I were about to sleep when our daughter appeared with a/an 76 look on her face. She said a 77 was scratching (刮出刺耳声) at her window. I decided it would be best if I slept downstairs and my daughter shared the room with my wife.On my way down, I passed my father-in-law, asleep in front of the 78 .I was in bed only a few minutes when I heard a tap tap on the window outside. Something was indeed out there. 79 , it wasnt a bear I told myself. I fell asleep soon. Some time later, I was 80 by a strange sound. I saw a large 81 in the doorway and froze as it 82 closer to me. I realized what it was only after my father in-law bent down to give me a kiss. “Its David.” My father-in-law jumped back. We laughed 83 at the awkward moment, and I explained his granddaughters bedroom 84 . I told him that the only thing 85 than a bear attack was Papa Bear coming in to kiss me good-night.71. A. schedulesB. arrangementsC. plotsD. routines72. A. settled inB. broke inC. looked downD. calmed down73. A. shotB. huntedC. trainedD. spotted74. A. eveningB. weekC. monthD. year75. A. studyB. kitchenC. bedroomD. bathroom76. A. worriedB. embarrassedC. delight