专题08非谓语动词-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx

专题08非谓语动词考点题型 技巧考向分析非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。复习建议1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义；2. 掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态；3. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能；4. 掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。考点导航非谓语动词的形式和意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成考点01非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。(3)作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。在“主语系动词表语(形容词)to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。考点02非谓语动词作宾语1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan; agree，ask/beg，help。此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。考点03非谓语动词作宾补1感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：2使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的情况 考点04非谓语动词作定语1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。2过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。3不定式作定语表示未做的事情。考点05非谓语动词作主语和表语1不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。2动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。3下列句型中常用动名词作主语：考点06独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。1. 名词/代词+形容词2. 名词/代词+现在分词3. 名词/代词+过去分词4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式5. 名词/代词+介词短语6. 名词/代词+副词7. 名词/代词+名词8. with 复合结构它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。二、独立主格结构的用法它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。1. 作时间状语2. 作条件状语3. 作原因状语4. 作伴随状语5. 表补充说明注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。【题型分析】1._ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy2.I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught3.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceedC. exceeded D. exceeding4.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed5. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take1. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit.2.But some students didn't want _63_ (wear) the uniform.3.Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,4.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. 5.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.6.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _declared_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.7.When we got a call _68_ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was _a_ joke.All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.检测训练、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（一）Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. She thought I had hurt 4 (I),says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. I gave up hope of finding my ring again, she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder. （二）America is a 1._(develop) country. It has a history of more than 200 years. When it was founded，only men were permitted _2_(attend) school. Women could not get a higher education or hold public office.The women's place was considered to be at home.Women _3_(work)outside were not common.They usually had poor jobs and little respect to them. However，with time _4_(pass) by，colleges or universities 5._(found) for women have increased. In the early part of the century，women were finally allowed 6. _(vote)During and since World War ，women have been regarded as a necessary part of the country. Today，many women hold important positions or careers. But many women are not 7._(satisfy) with their today's situation.They claim that they dont get_8_(pay) as the same as men for the same job. Some top positions_9_（hold) by men in the past are still in men's hands.In many ways, women's life is still dominated by her husband or father. So there is still a long way for them 10._(go)（三）There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one _1_(love) herOne day, _2_(feel) very sad and lonely, she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly _3_(catch) in a bushThe young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of _4_(fly) away , the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，” the good fairy said to the girl, “I will give you any wish that you would like _5_( get ).” The little girl thought for a moment and then replied, “I want to be happy.”Leaning toward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl _6_(grow) up, there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves _7_(tell) the secret of happiness by her.She would only smile and answer, “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her, _8_（fear） that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her.So they begged her _9_(tell) them what the good fairy said.The lovely old woman simply smiled, _10_(say), “She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”、单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请标出并改正。1. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.2.1 showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.3. Absorbing in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.4. Having working for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.5. Then another teacher read n few letters to students writing by parents.6. There was a short, fat gentleman followed her. 7. Have classes in such a beautiful environment, we feel very happy,8. Because we had not eaten ice cream for a long time, we got very exciting.9. please contact me if you have any difficulty find the book.10. I might have to retire again just get some more of these biscuits.