专题09情态动词(虚拟语气)-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx

专题09情态动词(虚拟语气)考点题型 技巧考向分析英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；尤其要注意情态动词+完成式是高考中的重点所在。对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。复习建议情态动词：1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法；2. 掌握情态动词表达情感、态度、语气等方面的用法。虚拟语气：1. 掌握虚拟语气的基本用法；2. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法；3. 掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法；考点导航考点01 情态动词的基本用法1）can，could与be able to 1表示能力，意为能，会。2）may与might 1表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustnt，表示不可以禁止阻止之意。2may/might as well动词原形意为最好，倒不如，may/ might well动词原形，意为很可能。3）must与need 1must用于否定句，表示禁止，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。 need需要，有必要 ，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。2. need也可用作行为动词，需要, 有必要，可以用于各种句式中。【巧学妙记】need的用法助记口诀实义动词表需要，后接名、代、不定式。need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表需要，没有人称、数之变。其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。【易混辨析】dare和need 1. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。 2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to 3. dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 4)will与would 1表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有总是或总要之意。5)shall，should与ought to 1shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3should表示义务、职责等，意为应该。4ought to表示应该。5shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的应该。考点02情态动词表推测的用法1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为有时会；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为可能，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant意为不可能，语气很强烈。2may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为有可能；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为可能不，表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为一定，必定，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为应该，即含有按道理来说应当如此的意思。考点03情态动词have done的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done(1)本来能够做但却未做(2)可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情1.must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成一定做过某事，该结构只用于肯定句。 2.cant have done表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成不可能做过某事。3.can have done表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成可能做过吗？。4.could have done是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。5.may have done表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是可能已经或也许已经，用于肯定句中。 6.might have done表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 7.would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来会。8.should have done意思是本来应该做某事，而实际没做。shouldnt+have+done表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。9.ought to have done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成理应做，往往表示遗憾。与should have done用法基本一样。 10.need have done表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。neednt have done则表示本来不需要做某事而实际做了考点04if条件句中的虚拟语气1）if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示将来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。3）省略if的倒装句在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。4）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。 （1）用but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句。（2）用otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。（3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。考点05从句中的虚拟语气1）用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为should动词原形，should可以省略。【特别提醒】 suggest表暗示，insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气。 2）用于主语从句中常见句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ . + that. It is sbs order/desire/suggestion/advice/ . + that. It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ . + that 从句谓语形式：（should+）动词原形3）用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是should动词原形，should可以省略。4）wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，构成：主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were。2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。5）would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为宁愿；但愿。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。6）在It is (about/high) timethat从句中，谓语动词常用过去式或should动词原形表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。7）as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。8）if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。【题型分析】1.Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should2. You _ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A. mustB. shouldC. mustntD. shouldn't3.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished4. Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might5.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had1. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.2.As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not to let me.3.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 4.I like eating tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.5.Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.6.The artist was sure he would63(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed.1. 65（When/As) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river.2.And，as more children were born，more food 59(need).3.By about 6000 BC，people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.4.New methods 65 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.5.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that) opened in 1759.检测训练、单项选择1.Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that _ in the parking lot.A. leftB. would leaveC. was leftD. had been left2.I _ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.A. had intendedB. has intendedC. intendedD. has been intended3. I hate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they _ me all the time.A. disturbB. have disturbedC. disturbedD. are disturbing4.Charlie's wheelchair _ out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.A. runB. have runC. had runD. was running5. You really did a good job,Robert! I was just doing my job and anyone in my position_the same like me.A. might doB. could doC. should have doneD. would have done6.They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven7. If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put8.I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured9.If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch10.If it_ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been11._not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it12.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had13.I can't find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left14.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written、单句改错下列各句均有一处错误, 请标出并改正。（一）1.1f my brother was here，everything would be all right.2. If he hadnt been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.3. Therefore we strongly suggested that similar events are held every year. bad la4. The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily after the deadline. 5. We must found ways to protect our environment6. Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they must just be quiet people.7. -Its the office! So you may know eating is not allowed here.-Oh, sorry.8. If you made better use of your time, you might have learned more.9. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam was at the age of six months old. 10. It mustn t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.（二）1.Id rather you saw the film yesterday.2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.3.I wish I knew the truth of the matter.4.If you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.5.You could do better，but you didnt try your best.6.If we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier.7.He suggested that we took the teachers advice.8.If he had been studying hard，he would work in the office now.9.But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey.10.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.、语法填空1.The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct) .3.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms.、短文填空（一）Miss Fang couldnt read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she _1_go to the Health Service and see a doctor.You should see a doctor as soon as possible， she said.You _2_need glasses.When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor _3_see her at 3：30.Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.The doctor _4_take you at about ten to four， the appointment clerk suggested._5_I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？Miss Fang thought she _6_(not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldnt be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, I think I _7_make it at ten to four.Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, _8_I leave at 3：45 today？I _9_have an eye examination. As expected, the teacher said, Yes, of course you _10_.