专题13 定语从句-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx

专题13定语从句考点题型 技巧考向分析考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分定语从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。复习建议一、关系代词引导的定语从句；二、关系副词引导的定语从句；三、“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句；四、as引导的定语从句；考点导航考点01关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。2whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”来代替。3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。 (2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, .，the last修饰时。(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。5在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。考点02关系副词引导的定语从句当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；来源:Z&xx&k.Comwhy表原因的介词(如for)which。1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；why表原因的介词(如for)which。xkw2way和time后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。如：考点03“介词which/whom”引导的定语从掌握“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：1关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：2介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。3关系代词前介词的确定(1) 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定(2)根据先行词来确定。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。4“名词/代词介词关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largestofwhich/whom”等。5 “复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。6“介词which/whom不定式”结构考点04as引导的定语从句1as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。注意：such.as.与such.that.的区别such.as.中的as引导的是定语从句，而such.that.中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。(从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。2关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：(2)意义不同as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well knownas is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：(3)用法不同【题型分析】1.Children, in my opinion,_creative ability is unbelievably rich, should be trained in that area.AwhichBwhatCwhoDwhose2.There are nearly one hundred foreign students in our university, most of_ are from America and Australia.AwhichBthemCwhomDthose3.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _ we can learn without repeating them.Afrom whichBin whichCwith whomDfor whom4.He has been busy with his work the whole day, _ has made his girlfriend unhappy.AwhichBitCthatDwhat5.At last we found a path leading to the top of the mountain,_ we saw a beautiful sunrise.Ain whereBin whichCwhichDfrom where6.The Voice of China set up a big stage _ those people with a talent for music could stand out and realize their dreams.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich1.They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals. 2.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark. 3.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.4.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 5.Im not sure _ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 6.Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 假定你是李华。你在国际学校就读的好友Tom想了解你校下周六将进行的劳动课。请你给他写 一封电子邮件，内容如下：1.介绍劳动课的内容；2.邀请参加；3.提醒相关事项。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。检测训练、单项选择1Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.AwhomBwhoseCasDwhere2.There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, _ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.AwhichBwhereCamong themDamong which3.After a 57-day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place, _ they believed was the South Pole.AwhichBwhereCthatDas4.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhy5.I think you've got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise you'll fail.AwhenBwhereCthatDwhich6.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, _ is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere7.There are hundreds of scenes in English novels _ characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves, which mirrors their feelings.AthatBwhereCwhichDwhen8.He often goes to school by bike, _ helps him keep fit.AwhereBwhichCwhenDthat9.Here are four experiments we have to finish before June 6th, _ two should be done in the wild.Aof whichBwhoseCin whichDthat10.I place those photos taken with my friends _ I can see them every day so that it could remind me of those beautiful days.AwhatBthatCwhenDwhere11.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.AwhereBwhichCthatDwhen12.He may have missed the train, _ he wont arrive in another hour.Ain which caseBin that caseCunder which conditionDon that occasion、语法填空1Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31_ works alongside her in the family business said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.2.The Crescent Spring, _beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for visitors.3.The sample, _ includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones.4.It marked the successful conclusion of Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, _ began in 2004.5.The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, _ are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds even outside the reserve.6.As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, _ can cause colds or coughs.7.Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, _in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury.8.The 2020 Summer Olympics, _ were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.9.In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, _is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of youth.10.The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot, _ is so big that Earth could fit inside it.11.While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu zheng, _ is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.12.The valley including a museum claims to be the only place _visitors can safely observe wild Asian elephants.、短文填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It's never been so important to spend time outside,1that's because it's the only place to experience different scenes or for the mental and physical good provided by fresh air and exercise. It's not always easy to be2(motivate), which, however, is where nature collecting can help.Start by looking3(closely) at the flowers in your garden or trees on your street than ever before. How many species or unusual features can you spot? Pick up a fallen leaf or examine a pretty flower. Allow yourself time4(stop), breathe, switch on your sensory antenna(触角) and connect with the bigger picture. Make5extra effort to look, listen, smell, touch and taste. When you form new habits, why not set yourself the challenge of collecting and identifying 100 natural6(treasure) over the seasons,7(use) some relevant knowledge?When it8(come) to displaying your finds, there are many methods to explore, from container displays, and pressed-flower art9other works of art. You can also take photos or make drawings of live animals, rare plants or other items,10you think need to stay in the wild, such as seashells and pebbles(鹅卵石) on the beach. Make it personal and, above all, enjoy!、书面表达阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。I was in my room, slowly getting ready to head to the community theater with the rest of my family. I wasn't in the mood for being onstage. “Kate, come here,” my mom called from down the hall. I found my mom outside the bathroom, holding a wet book. Henry, my new stepbrother, was nearby, working on a complicated string knot, as usual.My mother gave the book a shake. “Henry's book is in the bathtub. Did you put it there?”“Not on purpose,” I said. “It was already on the edge, and it happened to fall in when I stepped out of the tub.”My mother glared at me, something she never did before I had a stepfamily. “You could have picked it up,” she said. "That would have been the kind thing to do.”As Henry walked ahead of us to the car, my mom took me aside. "This is our corner of the world now, Kate," she said. "Let's try to make it a good one.”The community theater was busy when we got there. Theater used to be what my mom and I did togetherone play a year for our special thing. With Henry involved, it didn't seem so special anymore. Henry's dad, who had arrived earlier to help set up, was already in costume. “Dear children,” he called in a theatrical voice, “Come to Father.” I thought he was a nice guy even before he and my mother started dating. Unfortunately, I now had a stepbrother to deal with. Soon, it was curtain time. I peeked out at the audience and noticed that the darkened theatre was full. My heart beat faster. I forgot my annoyance at Henry as the lead actress sang, “The hills are alive with the sound of music!” Nothing compared to show nights. Before long, it was my turn. I went onstage, song book in hand. As we kids lined up before Henry's dad, who was playing the part of our father, I realized how poorly I'd tied the string on my skirt which was over leggings. I should have asked my mom for help. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。And then, suddenly, the string knot on my skirt came untied. _I shot Henry a grateful glance._