专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(教师版).docx
专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致1.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I _ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【答案】wished【详解】考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。2.(2023年浙江卷1月)Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】were permitted【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。3. (2023年浙江卷1月)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often_ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 【答案】featured【详解】考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。1. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【答案】were【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护,所以要用一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。2. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 【答案】is designed【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。本句句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,维护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填is designed。3. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Henry _42_ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _43_ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 42. 【答案】was fixing【详解】考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。43. 【答案】threw【解析】考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。4. (2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others _ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】 . are . changing【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意:但科布和其他人现在对推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会、改变他们的个人行为、为应对气候变化危机尽自己的一份力量的想法提出了质疑。第一空,根据时间状语now可知,句子使用现在进行时,主语Cobb and others为复数,be动词应用are,与空后的questioning构成现在进行时;第二空,分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,change与逻辑主语idea之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式与pushing并列,作后置定语。故填are,changing。5. (2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics many of the climate scientists _ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】have promised【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:例如,在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上,大约200名学者其中许多气候科学家承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来,尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知,主句应使用现在完成时,主语“many of them climate scientists”是复数,因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。6.(2022年浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】is viewed/has been viewed【详解】考查时态语态。句意:经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等,被认为是科学家们聚在一起交流信息的重要方式。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系,故可以用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态,且动名词作主语,谓语用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。7.(2022年浙江卷6月)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vincis “Mona Lisa” he _ (notice)her smile right away. ”【答案】noticed【详解】考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版蒙娜丽莎时,他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。8.(2022年北京卷)This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally _ (have) no recognizable smell. 【答案】has【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。9.(2022年天津卷)Food and medical supplies_ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.A. distributeB. distributedC. are distributedD. were distributed【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知,Food and medical supplies作主语,为复数,与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系,故需要用被动语态be distributed;根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知,句子需要用一般过去时态,故be动词要用were。故选D项。10.(2022年天津卷)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, _ teenagers to make better decisions.A. prepareB. preparesC. is preparingD. are preparing【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定,句子主语为Critical reasoning,谓语动词应用单数形式,此处为客观陈述,应用一般现在时。故选B项。1. (2021年新高考I卷)You cant help wondering how hard it_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】was【详解】考查一般过去时。句意:你禁不住想知道,当时的人们要把这些石头放在合适的位置有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,“把石头放到适当的位置”陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。2. (2021新课标II卷)Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, Id send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】was【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:每当我听说有企业使用塑料,我就会发一封电子邮件。我写信给最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知,这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中谓语动词用单数。故填was。3. (2021年浙江卷6月)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】has proved/has proven【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:它不像乔治·华盛顿在波霍马克河上的种植园那样令人印象深刻,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明是游客无法抗拒的。根据句型分析,此空应填谓语动词,且prove为系动词,没有被动结构形式,再结合句中since一词,可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。故填has proved或has proven。4. (2021年浙江卷1月)Marys niece wrote, “The little home _(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.” (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】was painted【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:玛丽的侄女写道:“这个小房子被漆成了白色。它惹人喜爱、洁净。玛丽喜欢它。”分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,根据上文的was和loved可知,此处为一般过去时态,主语The little home和谓语动词paint是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done),The little home是单数,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。5. (2021年浙江卷1月)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _ (sell) most of their furniture. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】sold【详解】考查时态。句意:1861年,林肯被选举为国家总统后,他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语,用and连接,所以都用一般过去时,故填sold。6. (2021年浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _ (consider) healthy.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】is considered【详解】考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意:它的计算方法是将一个人的体重以公斤为单位除以身高以米为单位的平方,BMI介于19至25(认为)健康之间。此空应填入consider的谓语形式,根据前半句的It is可判断时态为一般现在时,且根据句意“19到25之间的BMI(体重指数)被认为是健康值”,可知BMI与consider为被动关系,是一般现在时的被动语态,且主语BMI是第三人称单数形式。故答案为is considered。7. (2021年浙江卷1月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain _ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】was【详解】考查动词时态。句意:研究发现,在1985年至2017年间,女性和男性的平均农村BMI增加了2.1。然而,在城市中,女性的增长率为1.3,男性为1.6。此处是在讲1985年至2017年间城市中人们BMI值增加情况,是描述过去发生的事情,且上一句描述当时农村情况时用一般过去时,故此处也应为一般过去时。故填was。8. (2021年北京高考)As it _ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 【答案】connects【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意:当大脑把事物联系起来时,它就会把它们变成一个故事,然后你就会做梦。根据语境和主句中的turns判断从句也用一般现在时态,从句主语是it(指代your brain),单数,故谓语也用单数。故填connects。9. (2021年北京卷)There _(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】has been【详解】考查时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,在过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,主要是由全球气温上升引起的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知句子用现在完成时态。 根据a dramatic可知谓语用单数。故填has been。10.(2021年天津卷)Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he _ jobs by a dozen computer companies.A. has offeredB. has been offeredC. had offeredD. had been offered【答案】D【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句,含By the time引导的时间状语从句,主句动作先于从句动作,且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系,是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。