高中英语2024届高考心理类阅读理解常考核心词汇详解（共31个）.doc

高考英语心理类阅读理解常考核心词汇详解1.Aggressive resv 形容词中文释义侵略性的，好斗的；有进取心的例句Aggressive behavior is often a sign of underlying frustration or anger.(攻击性行为通常是潜在挫折感或愤怒的迹象。)She has an aggressive personality and is always determined to win.(她性格好强，总是决心要赢。)同义词 assertive, hostile, combative反义词passive, docile, submissive搭配 aggressive behavior, aggressive personality拓展词组be aggressive towards sb.对某人有攻击性an aggressive sales strategy 有进取心的销售策略易错点拨 aggressive 和 assertive 都是积极主动的，但 aggressive 更倾向于负面含义，包含敌意和攻击性，而 assertive 则更强调自信和坚定。2.Amuse mjuz 动词中文释义逗乐，使发笑；使娱乐例句The clown's antics amused the children.(小丑的滑稽动作逗乐了孩子们。)She amused herself by reading a book.(她通过读书来消遣。)同义词 entertain, delight, divert反义词bore, tire, weary搭配 amuse oneself, be amused by拓展词组find sth.amusing 觉得某事有趣be easily amused 容易被逗乐易错点拨 amuse 是及物动词，后面要接宾语，例如 amuse sb.(使某人开心) 或 amuse oneself (自娱自乐)。3.Anxious 'æks 形容词中文释义焦虑的，不安的；渴望的例句She felt anxious about the upcoming exam.(她对即将到来的考试感到焦虑。)He was anxious to hear the news.(他渴望听到这个消息。)同义词 worried, apprehensive, eager反义词calm, relaxed, unconcerned搭配 be anxious about, be anxious to do sth.拓展词组an anxious wait 焦急的等待suffer from anxiety 患有焦虑症易错点拨 anxious 和 eager 都有“渴望”的意思，但 anxious 更强调担忧和不安，而 eager 更强调热情和期待。4.Attitude 'ættjud 名词中文释义态度，看法，意见例句He has a positive attitude towards life.(他对生活持积极的态度。)Her attitude towards the project was unclear.(她对这个项目的态度不明确。)同义词 viewpoint, perspective, opinion反义词apathy, indifference搭配 have an attitude towards, change one's attitude拓展词组a positive/negative attitude 积极/消极的态度attitude change 态度转变易错点拨 attitude 比 opinion 更持久和稳定，opinion 可以是暂时的，而 attitude 则更能反映个体的价值观和信念。5.Background 'bækrand 名词中文释义背景，出身，经历例句The student's family background influenced her educational opportunities.(学生的家庭背景影响了她的受教育机会。)His troubled background contributed to his criminal behavior.(他坎坷的经历导致了他的犯罪行为。)同义词 experience, history, upbringing反义词foreground搭配 family background, educational background拓展词组come from a wealthy background 出身富裕家庭have a background in psychology 有心理学背景易错点拨 background 不仅指出身背景，也指影响个体心理状态的过往经历和环境因素。辨析例句His family background is wealthy.(他的家庭背景富裕。)He has a background in computer science.(他有计算机科学背景。)6.Belief blif 名词中文释义信念，信仰，相信例句She has a strong belief in the power of education.(她坚信教育的力量。)His religious beliefs were very important to him.(他的宗教信仰对他来说很重要。)同义词 faith, conviction, trust反义词disbelief, skepticism搭配 hold a belief, change one's beliefs拓展词组belief system 信仰体系core beliefs 核心信念易错点拨 belief 比 faith 的范围更广，faith 通常指宗教信仰，而 belief 可以指任何方面的信念，包括对科学、政治或个人的信念。辨析例句He has faith in God.(他信仰上帝。)She has a belief that hard work leads to success.(她相信努力工作会带来成功。)7.Blind bland 形容词中文释义瞎的，失明的；盲目的，看不清真相的例句The accident left him blind in one eye.(事故导致他一只眼睛失明。)He was blind to her faults.(他对她的缺点视而不见。)同义词 sightless, visionless, unaware反义词sighted, aware, perceptive搭配 be blind to, turn a blind eye to拓展词组blind spot 盲点blind faith 盲目信仰易错点拨 blind 除了指生理上的失明，也可比喻心理上的“盲目”，例如对事实视而不见或对问题缺乏认识。辨析例句He is blind and cannot see.(他失明了，什么也看不见。)She is blind to the consequences of her actions.(她对自己的行为后果视而不见。)8.Challenge 'tæln 名词中文释义挑战，难题；质疑，怀疑例句Raising a child with special needs is a challenge.(抚养有特殊需求的孩子是一个挑战。)He challenged the validity of the experiment.(他对实验的有效性提出质疑。)同义词 difficulty, problem, task反义词ease, simplicity搭配 face a challenge, overcome a challenge,拓展词组challenge oneself 挑战自我meet the challenge 迎接挑战易错点拨 challenge 可以指外在的困难，例如工作或学习上的难题，也可以指内心的自我挑战，例如突破自我设限。9.Character 'kærkt(r) 名词中文释义性格，品质；特点，特性例句He has a strong character and is not easily influenced by others.(他性格坚强，不容易受他人影响。)The main character in the novel is a complex and fascinating individual.(小说中的主角是一个复杂而迷人的人物。)同义词 personality, nature, disposition反义词搭配 a person of character, a strong/weak character拓展词组character development 性格发展character flaws 性格缺陷易错点拨 character 比 personality 更强调道德品质和价值观，personality 更偏向于个体独特的行为模式和心理特征。10.Choice ts 名词中文释义选择，抉择；选择权，选择范围例句She had a difficult choice to make.(她要做一个艰难的选择。)We have a wide choice of restaurants in this area.(这个地区有很多餐厅可供选择。)同义词 option, alternative, selection反义词搭配 make a choice, have no choice, a wide/limited choice拓展词组choice behavior 选择行为freedom of choice 选择自由易错点拨 choice 涉及心理决策过程，个体需要权衡利弊，并根据自身价值观和目标做出选择。11.Conceited kn'sitd 形容词中文释义自负的，自大的，骄傲自满的例句He was so conceited that he thought he was better than everyone else.(他太自负了，以为自己比所有人都强。)同义词 arrogant, egotistical, vain反义词humble, modest, unassuming搭配 a conceited person, a conceited attitude拓展词组have a conceited opinion of oneself 自视甚高易错点拨 conceited 指过分自信或自大的心理状态，通常带有负面含义。12.Considerate knsdrt 形容词中文释义体贴的，考虑周到的例句It was considerate of you to offer to help.(你主动提出帮忙，真是体贴。)同义词 thoughtful, kind, caring反义词inconsiderate, thoughtless, selfish搭配 be considerate of/towards sb., a considerate person拓展词组show consideration for others 体谅他人易错点拨 considerate 指能够体谅他人感受和需求的心理品质，是一种积极的品质。13.Desire dza(r) 名词中文释义欲望，愿望；渴望例句He has a strong desire to succeed.(他有着强烈的成功欲望。)Her desires were simple: a happy family and a comfortable life.(她的愿望很简单：一个幸福的家庭和舒适的生活。)同义词 wish, want, longing反义词aversion, dislike搭配 have a desire for, fulfill a desire拓展词组desire for knowledge 求知欲易错点拨 desire 比 wish 的程度更强，wish 指一般的愿望，而 desire 则更强调强烈的渴望和追求。14.Determination dtmnen 名词中文释义决心，毅力；决定，确定例句With determination and hard work, he achieved his goals.(凭借决心和努力，他实现了目标。)The jury reached a determination of guilt.(陪审团做出了有罪的裁决。)同义词 resolve, willpower, decision反义词indecision, hesitation搭配 show determination, make a determination拓展词组determination to succeed 成功的决心易错点拨 determination 比 decision 更强调毅力和坚持，decision 指做出的选择，而 determination 则更强调实现目标的决心和毅力。15.Discrimination dskrmnen 名词中文释义歧视，区别对待例句Racial discrimination is a serious problem in many countries.(种族歧视是许多国家面临的严重问题。)She experienced gender discrimination in the workplace.(她在工作场所经历了性别歧视。)同义词 prejudice, bias, bigotry反义词equality, fairness, justice搭配 discrimination against, racial/gender discrimination拓展词组fight against discrimination 反对歧视discrimination laws 反歧视法易错点拨 discrimination 指基于偏见而对某一群体不公平地对待，是一种负面的社会现象。16.Disturb dstb 动词中文释义打扰，使不安；弄乱例句I'm sorry to disturb you, but I have a question.(很抱歉打扰你，但我有一个问题。)The news of the accident disturbed her greatly.(事故的消息让她非常不安。)同义词 bother, interrupt, upset, disrupt反义词calm, soothe, comfort, reassure搭配 be disturbed by, disturb sb.'s peace拓展词组a disturbing thought 令人不安的想法feel disturbed 感到不安易错点拨 disturb 不仅指外在的干扰，例如噪音或打断谈话，也指内心的不安和焦虑。17.Emergency mdnsi 名词中文释义紧急情况，突发事件例句In case of emergency, please call 911.(如果发生紧急情况，请拨打911。)The hospital has a special unit for emergencies.(医院有一个专门处理急诊的部门。)同义词 crisis, urgency, disaster反义词搭配 in case of emergency, a state of emergency拓展词组emergency services 紧急服务emergency response 应急响应易错点拨 emergency 指需要立即采取行动的突发事件，通常会对个体心理状态造成影响，例如产生焦虑、恐惧等情绪。18.Envy 'envi 动词/名词中文释义嫉妒，羡慕例句She envied her sister's success.(她嫉妒姐姐的成功。)He felt a pang of envy when he saw his friend's new car.(看到朋友的新车，他感到一阵嫉妒。)同义词 jealousy, covetousness反义词admiration, contentment搭配 envy sb.for sth., be filled with envy拓展词组green with envy 嫉妒得发狂易错点拨 envy 和 jealousy 都有“嫉妒”的意思，但 envy 更强调对他人的优势或成就感到不满，而 jealousy 则更强调对失去所爱之人的占有欲。辨析例句He envied her wealth.(他嫉妒她的财富。)She was jealous of her boyfriend's ex-girlfriend.(她嫉妒男朋友的前女友。)19.Faith fe 名词中文释义信仰，信念，信任例句He has faith in God.(他信仰上帝。)She kept the faith despite all the challenges.(尽管面临种种挑战，她仍然坚持信念。)同义词 belief, trust, confidence反义词disbelief, doubt, skepticism搭配 have faith in, keep the faith拓展词组faith in humanity 对人类的信任religious faith 宗教信仰易错点拨 faith 通常指宗教信仰，也指对某事或某种观点的坚信和执着，强调不怀疑和不动摇。20.Fear f(r) 名词中文释义害怕，恐惧；担忧，担心例句She has a fear of heights.(她有恐高症。)He expressed his fears about the future.(他表达了对未来的担忧。)同义词 fright, terror, dread, anxiety反义词courage, bravery, fearlessness搭配 be afraid of, be filled with fear, a fear of拓展词组face one's fears 面对恐惧fear of failure 害怕失败易错点拨 fear 比 afraid 的程度更强，指对危险或威胁的强烈情绪反应，可以是理性的，也可以是非理性的。21.Frustrate frstret 动词中文释义使沮丧，使灰心；使受挫例句The constant traffic jams frustrated her.(持续的交通堵塞让她感到沮丧。)His attempts to find a job were frustrated by his lack of experience.(由于缺乏经验，他找工作的努力受挫了。)同义词 disappoint, discourage, thwart, hinder反义词satisfy, fulfill, please, gratify搭配 be frustrated by/with, feel frustrated拓展词组frustration tolerance 挫折承受力易错点拨 frustrate 指个体在追求目标受阻时产生的消极情绪，例如失望、灰心或愤怒。22.Judgement 'mnt 名词中文释义判断（力），评价；意见，看法；判决例句He has good judgement and is able to make sound decisions.(他判断力强，能够做出明智的决定。)In my judgement, this is the best course of action.(依我看来，这是最好的行动方案。)同义词 discernment, wisdom, opinion, verdict反义词搭配 make a judgement, have good/poor judgement拓展词组error of judgement 判断失误cloud one's judgement 影响判断易错点拨 judgement 指个体对事物进行分析和评估的能力，也指对某事的看法和评价，强调理性和客观。23.Lonely 'lnli 形容词中文释义孤独的，寂寞的；荒凉的例句She felt lonely after her husband died.(丈夫去世后，她感到很孤独。)The house stood on a lonely hilltop.(房子坐落在一个荒凉的山顶上。)同义词 solitary, isolated, alone, deserted反义词accompanied, sociable, lively搭配 feel lonely, a lonely place拓展词组suffer from loneliness 遭受孤独之苦易错点拨 lonely 指个体缺乏社会联系或感到被孤立的心理状态，强调情感上的空虚和渴望陪伴。24.Nervous 'nvs 形容词中文释义紧张的，不安的；神经的例句She was nervous about the job interview.(她对工作面试感到紧张。)He had a nervous breakdown after losing his job.(失业后，他精神崩溃了。)同义词 anxious, apprehensive, tense, stressed反义词calm, relaxed, composed, confident搭配 be/feel nervous, a nervous person拓展词组nervous energy 紧张的精力nervous system 神经系统易错点拨 nervous 指个体感到焦虑和不安的状态，程度比一般的 uneasy 更强烈，常伴随着生理上的反应，例如心跳加速、出汗等。25.Occupation kjupen 名词中文释义职业，工作；占据，占领例句Her occupation is a teacher.(她的职业是教师。)The army's occupation of the city lasted for several months.(军队对这座城市的占领持续了几个月。)同义词 profession, job, career, work, employment反义词搭配 by occupation, a person's occupation拓展词组occupational hazards 职业危害occupational therapy 职业治疗易错点拨 occupation 指个人所从事的职业或工作，对个体心理状态和身份认同有重要影响。26.Opinion pnjn 名词中文释义意见，看法；评价，评估例句Everyone is entitled to their own opinion.(每个人都有权发表自己的意见。)In my opinion, this is the best solution.(在我看来，这是最好的解决方案。)同义词 view, belief, thought, idea反义词搭配 have/express an opinion, change one's opinion拓展词组public opinion 公众舆论a difference of opinion 意见分歧易错点拨 opinion 指个体对某事的看法和评价，可以是暂时的或不确定的，也可能受到他人的影响。27.Possess pzes 动词中文释义拥有，持有；支配，控制例句He possesses a vast fortune.(他拥有巨额财富。)She was possessed by a sudden fear.(她突然被恐惧所控制。)同义词 own, have, control, dominate反义词lack, lose搭配 possess sth., be possessed by/of拓展词组possess great courage 拥有巨大的勇气易错点拨 possess 除了指拥有物质或抽象的事物，也可指被某种思想或情绪所控制的心理状态。28.Shame em 名词中文释义羞耻，羞愧；耻辱，丢脸的事例句She felt ashamed of her behavior.(她为自己的行为感到羞愧。)His actions brought shame on his family.(他的行为给他的家庭带来了耻辱。)同义词 guilt, disgrace, humiliation反义词pride, honor搭配 feel ashamed, be ashamed of拓展词组a sense of shame 羞耻感易错点拨 shame 指个体因自身行为或经历而产生的负面情绪，例如做错事后的愧疚感或经历失败后的耻辱感。29.Stress stres 名词中文释义压力，紧张；重音，强调例句He is under a lot of stress at work.(他在工作中承受着很大的压力。)The speaker put stress on the importance of education.(演讲者强调了教育的重要性。)同义词 pressure, tension, strain, emphasis反义词relaxation, calmness搭配 be under stress, cause stress, stress management拓展词组stressful situation 压力大的情况cope with stress 应对压力易错点拨 stress 指个体对外部环境或内部需求产生的紧张反应，可以是生理上的，例如心跳加速、血压升高，也可以是心理上的，例如焦虑、担忧等。30.Suffer 'sf 动词中文释义遭受，经历；忍受，容忍；患病例句Many people suffered during the war.(战争期间，许多人遭受了苦难。)He suffers from chronic pain.(他患有慢性疼痛。)同义词 experience, endure, tolerate, undergo反义词enjoy, thrive搭配 suffer from, suffer a loss, suffer pain拓展词组suffer in silence 默默忍受易错点拨 suffer 指经历痛苦或不幸，会对个体心理状态造成负面影响，例如导致悲伤、焦虑或创伤等。31.Suspect sspekt 动词/名词中文释义(动词)怀疑，猜疑；(名词)嫌疑犯例句The police suspect that he is involved in the crime.(警方怀疑他参与了犯罪。)The suspect was arrested and questioned.(嫌疑人被逮捕并接受讯问。)同义词 (动词) doubt, mistrust, question; (名词) accused, suspect反义词(动词) trust, believe搭配 (动词) suspect sb.of sth., suspect that.拓展词组under suspicion 受到怀疑a prime suspect 主要嫌疑人易错点拨 suspect 指对某事或某人产生不信任或不确定的心理状态，通常基于一些证据或线索，但尚未得到证实。辨析例句I doubt whether he is telling the truth.(我怀疑他是否在说实话。) - 表示不确定I suspect that he is the thief.(我怀疑他是小偷。) - 表示怀疑某人有罪9