【课件】阅读理解猜测词义课件-2024届高考英语二轮复习.pptx

阅阅读理解解题技巧读理解解题技巧 之之猜测词猜测词义义 If you come across new words,expressions and sentences when reading,what will you do?lookthemupinthedictionary查字典查字典ignorethemandcontinuereading跳读跳读guessthemeaning猜词义猜词义文中意思文中意思01构词法构词法派生法（派生法（Derivation）【前前缀/后后缀】合成合成(Compounding)转化法（化法（Conversion）构词法构词法派生法（派生法（DerivationDerivation）-词缀词缀法法 前缀前缀suffix:1.pre-reading,preview,prepay2.rewrite,reconsider,reuse3.disagree,dislike,disappear4.miniskirt,minibus5.incorrect,indirect,impossible6.foretell,forecast,forehead7.semicircle,semi-final8.antiwar,anti-Japanesewar8.microphone,microwave9.underground,underachiever10.supermarket,superman11.postwar,post-reading12.unfair,unhappy13.irregular,irresistable14.misunderstand,mislead15.overhead,overeat,overuse16.subway,submarine17.international,interactive18.transcentury,transnational1.Heknewhowthedarknessanddullnessofwinteralwaysgotmedown.2.Myfathermovingaroundmysteriously3.Iinventedasuccessfulvariationofbaseball.4.Ihadtolearnmylimitations.5.Shespokeslowlywithsomebitterness.神秘地变化形式，不同版本限制悲惨 找后缀，猜测词义 _黑暗沉闷_Conclusion:regular(adj.)有规律的有规律的irregular(adj.)_regularly(adv.)_前前缀后后缀prefixprefix_(prefix/suffix)changesthemeaningofthewordsand_(prefix/suffix)changesthepartofspeech(词性性)ofthewords.suffix有规律地有规律地没有规律的没有规律的前缀&后缀合成合成(Compounding)write down the meaning of the underlined words.1.There is no doubt that a majority of parents are overworked,and overscheduled._2.When asked why he failed to pass the exam,Tom said he had always been absent-minded in the class recently._ 3.Im self-employed jobber,which means I work for myself and do what I love._4.His driving licence was suspended because of drunk driving._过度劳累过度劳累日程过满日程过满 心不在焉的心不在焉的自由职业的自由职业的驾照驾照转化法（化法（Conversion）Task4:write down the meaning and part of speech of the underlined words.1.Women shoulder the burden of childcare._2.We opened doors and windows to air out the house._3.Immediate action should be taken to better the environment._4.A dictionary is a must for English learning._5.It is not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives,but what we do consistently._ vt.承担vt.给通风vt.改善；使更好n.n.必须做的事必须做的事v.塑造语境法猜境法猜测词义Technique1:_1.Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.2.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.3.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout65,000yuanayear.4.Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.木工动物学家牧羊人夜班1.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.2.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.3.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 65,000 yuan a year.4.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.Conclusion:定义或释义关系常由定义或释义关系常由:由由_从句，或由从句，或由_等词汇或等词汇或_号来表示。或由号来表示。或由_引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语同位语，用，用逗号隔开，构成逗号隔开，构成同位关系同位关系。定语_becalled;beknownas,bedefinedas破折号is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway_Technique1定义定义/释义释义Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.圆胖的圆胖的Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.节约的节约的Technique2:_1.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.2.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.1.fat as pump as.plump 2.waste money however thirftyConclusion:由由_等连接的两个词等连接的两个词构成同义关系构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有表转折关系的词常有_等。等。and,or,like,asas,thesameasbut,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though,onthecontraryTechnique2同义同义/反义反义Technique3:_1.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.2.Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.3.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.4.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.浑浊的浑浊的复制品复制品精明的精明的修剪修剪Conclusion:常用关联词，如_等来表示前因后果。because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,so,sothat,suchthat,thereforeTechnique3因果关系因果关系Technique4:_1.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.2.Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveovenect.Conclusion:常用常用_等引出例子，等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称即是词义可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称即是词义,因此我们要注意因此我们要注意_词的积累。词的积累。家禽家禽家电家电suchas,like,forexample,forinstance上下义Technique4举例归纳举例归纳Technique5:_1.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.2.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.3.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩颤抖颤抖生活经验，生活常识，逻辑推理生活经验，生活常识，逻辑推理Tomcantfindhissneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsC.shoesD.ballsTomcantfindhiswhitesneakers.Tomcantplaytennisnowbecausehecantfindhiswhitesneakers.Technique6:_上下文上下文4.举例归纳1.定义/释义2.同义反义语境法猜境法猜测词义3.因果关系5.生活经验2.同义反义6.上下推断典型例题典型例题1.WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.推断单词的含义推断单词的含义Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”mean?A.acquireB.exportC.destroyD.distribute反义词法2.Withthecommunicationgadgets,suchasmobilephonesandiPads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.Theunderlinedwordgadgetsisclosestinmeaningto_.A.toolsB.messagesC.barriersD.skills举例归纳法3.Itdoesntsoundlikeacommonthingtododuringthemathclass，butBethanyLambethateacherfromWakeCountysaysthateversincesheinstalled(安装安装)cyclingmachinesunderherstudentsdesks,thequalityoftheirworkhasimprovedgreatly.Studentsaremorefocusedand,moreimportantly,theyarenolongerrestlessallthetime.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrestlessmean?A.disappointedB.seriousC.nervousD.impatient4.Abagisusefulandthewordbagisuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases.Oneistoletthecatoutofthebag.Itisthesameastotellasecret.Johnletsthecatoutofthebagmeanshe_.A.makeseveryoneknowasecret B.thewomanboutacatC.buysacatinthebagDsellsthecatinthebag定义/释义5.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyoullneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soitsapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Theunderlinedphraseapipedreammeans_.A.Apracticalidea.B.AvainhopeC.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire因果关系法6.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear.Theunderlinedphrasemoppingupmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingup常识法“Small-town swot”is no mocking matter Memes on“xiaozhen zuotijia,or“small-town swot”-a term people have coined to describe those from rural area who worked hard to get admission to a university-are back on Chinese networking sites.The term is nothing new and was once used by those from humble beginnings in a self-mocking way or by others who mocked them for lacking border vision and social resources,but it is also proof of fairness in education and employment opportunities and class mobility.Not long ago,netizens used to ridicule their rural counterparts by saying they can solve questions on exam papers but lacked flexibility even blaming them for working overtime.It led to those with humble beginnings feeling like misfits.However,this clearly does not hold water any more.So many rural young people have got a better life after gaokao,dubbed one of the most grueling exam in the world,which determines which universities it takes can attend on the basis of their scores.Thanks to higher education,many youngsters from humble beginnings got brighter job prospects and social mobility.“Small-town swot”is no mocking matter Memes on“xiaozhen zuotijia,or “small-town swot-a term people have coined to describe those from rural area who worked hard to get admission to a university-are back on Chinese networking sites.The term is nothing new and was once used by those from humble beginnings in a self-mocking way or by others who mocked them for lacking border vision and social resources,but it is also proof of fairness in education and employment opportunities and class mobility.“Small-town swot”is no mocking matter Not long ago,netizens used to ridicule their rural counterparts by saying they can solve questions on exam papers but lacked flexibility even blaming them for working overtime.It led to those with humble beginnings feeling like misfits.However,this clearly does not hold water any more.So many rural young people have got a better life after gaokao,dubbed one of the most grueling exam in the world,which determines which universities it takes can attend on the basis of their scores.Thanks to higher education,many youngsters from humble beginnings got brighter job prospects and social mobility.词义猜测词义猜测逻辑关系逻辑关系同义或近义同义或近义反义反义因果因果解释说明解释说明下定义下定义定语从句定语从句同位语同位语举例举例标点符号标点符号 构词法构词法合成；合成；派生；派生；转化转化文化常识文化常识语境语境MindMap:Thanks