初中英语2024届中考宾语从句知识讲解和练习.doc

中考英语宾语从句知识讲解和练习一、宾语从句的概念和结构1.在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。I like my teacher.(名词作宾语)I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语)I decide to study hard.(不定式作宾语)I know him. (代词作宾语)I know Mr Li teaches English.(句子作宾语)She asked if the answer was right.(句子作宾语)即当宾语是由一个句子在充当时，这个句子就叫宾语从句。2.结构：主句 + 连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句宾语从句的类型： 动词宾语从句：主语 + 动词+ 宾语从句此类动词有：say, tell, think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等如：I hope that our team will win the match. 介词宾语从句：主语 + 谓语 + 介词 + 宾语从句如：I agree with what you said just now. 形容词宾语从句：主语 + be + 形容词+ 宾语从句此类形容词有：afraid, sure, glad, sorry等如：I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.二、宾语从句三要素（一）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序。陈述句语序：主句 + 引导词 + 主语+ 谓语 + 其他成分Helen says that    she   will learn French next year.                引导词  主语    谓语【易错点】语序不变的情况：1.疑问句的特殊语序Whats wrong?/ Whats the matter?/ What happened?Which is the way to ?Who引导的特殊疑问句且who做主语I dont know whats the matter?Can you tell me who is over there?2.感叹句You cant imagine how sad I was yesterday.【典型例题】1.Excuse me, can you tell me _? A.where is there a good place to liveB.where a good place is to liveC.where is a good place to liveD.where there is a good place to live【答案】D2.Could you tell me _?  Sure.Walk straight along this street and you'll find it.A.how can I get to the post officeB.where was the post officeC.which is the way to the post office    D.where the post office was【答案】C3.Do you know when _ today.A.is the bookstore closed  B.does the bookstore close C.the bookstore closesD.is the bookstore closing【答案】C4.You cant imagine _ when they received these Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they wereC.how excited were theyD.they were how excited【答案】B5.The manager came up to see _.A.what was the matter B.what the matter was    C.what is the matter D.what the matter is【答案】A（二）宾语从句的时态1）主现从不限（需要性原则）主句是一般现在时，从句不限时态，可根据需要选用任何时态。（从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态）He says that he is good at English.He says that he has been ill for two days.I dont know if he will come tomorrow.2）主过从过(呼应性原则)主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。（引用请注明给力英语公众号）He asked me where I lived.He said that she had been ill for two days.She said that she would return soon.3.特殊情况：1) 当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”.He said that the earth is round.2)当主句是Could/Would you tell me.? 时，could/would表示语气委婉，不表示过去时态。Could you tell me if you are the first one to arrive here?【典型例题】1.用所给动词的适当形式填空(1) The radio says it _ (be) cloudy tomorrow.(2) She said that she _ (fly) to Japan in a week.(3) He asked what they _ (do) at eight last night.(4) The teacher told his students that light _ (travel) faster than sound.【答案】will be; would fly; were doing; travels2.Excuse me, do you know _ yesterday?Sure.It closed at 6:00 p.m.yesterday.A.when the bookstore closesB.when does the bookstore close C.when the bookstore closedD.when did the bookstore close 【答案】C3.We are glad to hear that the Greens _ to a new flat next week.A.move        B.movedC.will move  D.have moved【答案】C【解析】句意：我们很高兴听到格林一家下周要搬去新公寓。考查宾语从句和一般将来时的用法。解题思路：这是一个由that引导的宾语从句，主句使用一般将来时，从句可以使用各种时态；由从句中next week可以看出主句要使用一般将来时，故答案选C。4.The police wondered _.A.whose handbag it is B.whose handbag it was  C.whose handbag is itD.whose handbag was it【答案】B【解析】wonder想知道，实义动词，后面跟的是宾语从句。A.时态不对，根据wondered可知从句也要用过去时；CD.语序不对，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故选：B。解析：警察想知道它是谁的手提包.（三）宾语从句的连接词连接代词：that，whether/if疑问代词：who，whom, whose，what，which疑问副词：when，where，how，why（1）that引导宾语从句只起连接作用，其本身没有意义，在口语中常可省略：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( that + 陈述句 )I think（that）you should be more careful我觉得你应多加小心。I'm afraid（that）he wont come on time我恐怕他不会准时到。（2）whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( whether /if + 陈述句 ) I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我不知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样看待。【易错点拨】能用if不能用whether的情况：if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。I wonder if she is a doctor.if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，此时从句遵守“主将从现”原则。If it rains tomorrow, I won't come.能用whether不能用if的情况：1.当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。I want to know whether he is still living in Beijing or not2.在to do不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。I dont know whether to see my doctor today.3.介词后只能用whether。I worry aboutwhether I hurt her feelings.4.含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时，最好用whether。I dont know whether he will come if it doesnt rain tomorrow.（3）疑问代词和疑问副词引导宾语从句疑问代词who，which，what，whose，whom以及疑问副词when，where，how，why均能引导宾语从句，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。疑问代词：* Do you know whose dictionary it is? （谁的，作定语）* He asked who could give him a hand.（谁，作主语）疑问副词：* Could you tell me why you are late? （为什么，作状语）* He didnt say when he would return.（什么时候，作状语）【注意】疑问代词在从句中做主语的情况：如：I want to know who cleaned the classroom.They want to find out what caused the accident.【典型例题】1.Sam,can you tell me_this math problem so fast?Sure,let me show you.A.how you will work outB.how you worked outC.how will you work outD.how did you work out【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序；由句意“Sam,你能告诉我你是怎样快速算出这道数学题的吗？”可知，Sam解数学题发生在说话之前，应用一般过去时。2.What a nice shirt! Can you tell me _?Sure,at the shopping center near our school.I went there last SundayA.where you bought itB.where did you buy itC.where you will buy itD.where will you buy it【答案】A【解析】句意：一多漂亮的衬衫！你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？一当然，在我们学校附近的购物中心。我上星期天去了那里。根据选项的提示可知此句询问的是在哪里买的，因为此句是宾语从句，语序要用陈述句语序，时态要用一般过去时，故选A。3.Grandma,do you remember _ Beijing?About 20 years ago.A.when you first visitB.when you first visitedC.when do you first visitD.when did you first visit【答案】B 【解析】句意：奶奶，你还记得你何时第一次来北京的吗？大约20年前。考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，可排除CD两项。根据答语About 20 years ago.，结合句意语境，可知需用一般过去时，故选B。4.It's an important event in history.Who knows _?A.when does it happenB.when it happensC.when did it happenD.when it happened【答案】D【解析】句意：这是历史上一个重要的事件。谁知道是什么时候发生的？本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需遵循“陈述语序”原则，因此排除选项A和选项C。根据题干中“in history”确定是一般过去时。选项B为一般现在时；选项D为一般过去时。故正确答案为选项D。5.Can you tell me_?I usually exercise three times a week.A.how often do you exerciseB.how often you exerciseC.how often did you exerciseD.how often you exercised【答案】B【解析】句意：你能告诉我多长时间锻炼-次吗？我通常一周锻炼三次。考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，A和C是疑问句语序，可排除;根据回答I usually exerise three times a week可知询问通常情况，可知从句时态使用一般现在时，B是一般现在时，D是一般过去时，故选B。课后检测1.Could you please tell me _?It's at the east gate of the park.A.where was the parking lotB.where is the parking lot C.where the parking lot wasD.Where the parking lot is【答案】D【解析】句意：你能告诉我停车场在哪吗？在公园东门。考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，A和B是疑问句语序，可排除；根据回答，可知从句时态使用一般现在时，C是一般过去时，B是一般现在时，故选D。2.Jane,could you tell me _ the beautiful kite?Oh,I bought it in a shop in Chaoyang Park.A.where did you buyB.where you boughtC.where will you buyD.where you will buy【答案】B【解析】句意：简，你能告诉我你在哪买的漂亮的风筝吗？哦，我在公园附近的一个商店买的它。本题考查的是宾语从句，根据宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除A和C，答句中的Ibought可知，应该用的是一般过去时，故答案选B。3.Mr.Smith,could you please tell us _ the science show?Sure.Next Friday.A.when we attendedB.when we will attendC.when did we attendD.when will we attend【答案】B【解析】句意：-Mr.Smith,你能告诉我们什么时候参加科学展吗？一一当然，下周五。宾语从句需遵循“陈述语序“原则，因此排除选项C和选项D。根据题干中“Next Friday确定是一般将来时。选项A为一般过去时；选项B为一般将来时。这里是一般现在时态，排除A,根据题意，故选B。4.Do you know _ the meeting room early?Because she had a headache.A.why Ann leftB.why Ann will leaveC.why did Ann leaveD.why will Ann leave【答案】A【解析】句意：一你知道Ann为什么离开会议室很早吗？一因为她头痛。问句是含有宾语从句的复合句，主句是一般现在时态，根据语境，从句是表达过去的事实，用一般过去时态的陈述语序，谓语动词用leave的过去式left，B是一般将来时态。CD是疑问语序。故选：A。5.Mrs.Green, could you please tell us _ the film together?Sure.Next Wednesday.A.when we watchedB.when we will watchC.when did we watchD.when will we watch【答案】B【解析】句意：格林太太，你能告诉我们什么时候一起看电影吗？当然。下周三。考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除C和D；根据答语“Sure.Next Wednesday.”可知，从句要用一般将来时态形式，应填when we will watch故排除A，故选B。6.Mr.King didn't know _ yesterday evening.A.when does his son come homeB.when his son comes homeC.when did his son come homeD.when his son came home【答案】D【解析】试题解析：句意：King先生不知道他儿子昨天晚上什么时候回到的家。根据题干解析此题考查的是宾语从句，宾语从句的语序应是陈述语序，所以排除A、C；根据时间状语yesterday evening可知，宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时态，故选D。考点：考查宾语从句的用法7.I cant remember _ my schoolbag yesterday.A.where did I putB.where I putC.where will I putD.where I will put【答案】B【解析】句意：我不记得我昨天把书包放哪了。考查宾语从句辨析。where did I put 一般过去时，疑问语序；where I put 一般过去时/一般现在时，陈述语序；where will I put 一般将来时，疑问语序；where I will put 一般将来时，陈述语序。根据句子结构，原句是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。当主句用一般现在时，从句用任何时态。根据时间状语yesterday，从句用一般过去时，所以空格处填where I put。故选B。8.Lily, can you tell me_?I always exercise twice a week.A.how often do you exerciseB.how often you exerciseC.how often did you exerciseD.how often you exercised【答案】B【解析】句意：莉莉，你能告诉我你多久锻炼一次吗？我总是一周锻炼两次。考查宾语从句语序和时态。how often do you exercise疑问语序+一般现在时；how often you exercise陈述语序+一般现在时；how often did you exercise疑问语序+一般过去时；how often you exercised陈述语序+一般过去时。根据can you tell me可知后面接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A和C；根据I always exercise可知，时态是一般现在时，排除D。故选B。9.Did you notice _ in her office?Yes.She was going over our writing.A.what was Miss Lin doingB.what Miss Lin was doingC.what does Miss Lin doD.what Miss Lin does【答案】B【解析】句意：你注意林小姐在干什么了吗？是的，她正在检查我们的写作。考查宾语从句。what was Miss Lin doing林小姐在干什么，疑问语序；what Miss Lin was doing陈述语序；what does Miss Lin do林小姐是干什么的；what Miss Lin does陈述语序。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是宾语从句，从句中应用陈述语序，故先排除A和C。根据答语She was going over our writing可知，这里问的是过去正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，故选B。10.Could you please tell me _ yesterday?In the bookshop nearby.A.Where you bought the bookB.Where you buy the bookC.Where did you buy the bookD.Where do you buy the book【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我你昨天在哪里买的书吗？在附近的书店。考查宾语从句。根据Could you please tell me可知本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，所以排除C、D选项；又因为提示词yesterday可知时态用一般过去时，而B选项用的是一般现在时，所以排除；故答案选A。11.Can you tell me _ during this winter holiday? Every day.A.how long did you exerciseB.how long you exercisedC.how often did you exerciseD.how often you exercised【答案】D【解析】句意：你能告诉我这个寒假你多久锻炼一次吗？每天锻炼一次。考查宾语从句，首先宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，那么排除AC。再注意提问词“how long时间多长”“how often多久一次”，再根据回答“every day每天”，可知应该是问频率，故选D。12.Do you know _ yesterday?Yes.He went for the boat race.A.why didnt Peter go to schoolB.why doesnt Peter go to schoolC.why Peter didnt go to schoolD.why Peter doesnt go to school【答案】C【解析】句意：你知道为什么皮特昨天没去上学吗？是的，他去参加划船比赛了。考查一般过去时和宾语从句陈述语序。why didnt Peter go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般过去时，语序为疑问语序；why doesnt Peter go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般现在时，语序为疑问语序；why Peter didnt go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般过去时，语序为陈述语序；why Peter doesnt go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般现在时，语序为陈述语序。根据问句中yesterday可知，此处时态为一般过去时，所以排除B和D；根据句中you是主语，know是谓语，可知此处缺少宾语，可以使用宾语从句充当宾语，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，所以排除A项。故选C。13.Lily, could you tell me _ last night?Oh, I went to the library.A.where you wentB.where did you goC.where you will goD.where will you go【答案】A【解析】句意：Lily，你能告诉我昨晚去哪里了么？嗯，我去了图书馆。考查宾语从句时态和语序辨析。宾语从句用陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语，排除BD；last night是过去时间，宾语从句中主句用一般过去式，从句如果不是客观事实或者真理，也要用一般过去式。故选A。14.Do you know _ the meeting?Tomorrow morning.A.when they hadB.when they are going to haveC.when did they haveD.when are they going to have【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道他们什么时候来开会吗？明天早上。此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，C和D是疑问句语序，故排除；根据回答Tomorrow morning可知此句时态是一般将来时，A是一般过去时，B是一般将来时；故选B。15.Mike, do you know _? Someone is looking for him.Maybe he is in the library.A.where is TonyB.where was TonyC.where Tony isD.where Tony was【答案】C【解析】句意：麦克，你知道托尼在哪里吗？有人正在找他。可能他在图书馆。A.where is Tony托尼现在在哪；B.where was Tony托尼过去在哪；C.where Tony is托尼现在在哪；D.where Tony was托尼过去在哪。本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句语序为疑问词加陈述句语序，故排除A和B；根据某人正在找他，可知，现在是找不到他的，问他现在在哪，故选C。16.Sam, can you tell me _ this math problem so fast?Sure,let me show you.A.how you will work outB.how you worked outC.how will you work outD.how did you work out【答案】B【解析】句意：萨姆，你能告诉我你是怎么这么快解出这道数学题的吗？当然，让我给你看看。解析句子结构及选项，上句含有how引导的宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，故排除C、D。根据下句Sure, let me show you.可知，萨姆算出了这道数学题。所以上句中从句应是一般过去时。故选B。17.Do you know _?In 2022.A.when will the next World Cup beginB.when did the next World Cup beginC.when the next World Cup will beginD.when the next World Cup began【答案】C【解析】句意：你知道下一届世界杯将在什么时候开始吗？2022年。考查宾语从句和一般将来时。宾语从句用陈述句语序，因此先排除A、B选项；根据In 2022的回答可知，宾语从句所提到的下一次世界杯将在未来发生，应用一般将来时，故答案选C。18.Can you tell me _ now?In Haidian, Beijing.A.where Jim livesB.where does Jim liveC.where Jim livedD.where did Jim live【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我吉姆现在住在哪里吗？在北京海淀区。根据句子结构可知空缺处作宾语，结合选择可知该句是宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，B、D是疑问句语序，故排除。主句是一般现在时，所以从句根据需要选择时态，根据now可知提问现在吉姆住在哪里，所以用一般现在时，故选A。19.I cant remember _ my schoolbag yesterday.A.where did I putB.where I putC.where will I putD.where I will put【答案】B【解析】句意：我不记得我昨天把书包放哪了。考查宾语从句辨析。where did I put 一般过去时，疑问语序；where I put 一般过去时/一般现在时，陈述语序；where will I put 一般将来时，疑问语序；where I will put 一般将来时，陈述语序。根据句子结构，原句是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。当主句用一般现在时，从句用任何时态。根据时间状语yesterday，从句用一般过去时，所以空格处填where I put。故选B。20.Do you know _? Next Wednesday.A.when will the winter vacation startB.when the winter vacation will startC.when did the winter vacation startD.when the winter vacation started【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道寒假什么时候开始吗？下周三。考查宾语从句。根据句意理解可知，这里是宾语从句，首选宾语从句必须用“陈述句语序”，即引导词+主语+谓语+其他，所以排除A/ C，再由回答Next Wednesday可知，这里应该用将来时，故选B。21.Could you please tell me _ ?Last Tuesday.A.when we visited the art showB.when will we visit the art showC.when we will visit the art showD.when did we visit the art show【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我我们什么时候参观艺术展吗？上星期二。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序， B和D是疑问句语序，所以排除。本句主句Could you please tell me是一般现在时，could是委婉语气，可知从句时态由从句的语境和时间状语决定。根据回答“Last Tuesday”可知从句的时态是一般过去时，选项A 为一般过去时，选项 C为一般将来时。故选A。22.Do you know _ next Friday?Yes.They'll go to the Summer Palace.A.where the students wentB.where the students will goC.where did the students goD.where will the students go【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道下星期五学生们要去哪里吗？知道。他们要去颐和园。考查宾语从句。where the students went一般过去时，陈述句的语序；where the students will go一般将来时，陈述句的语序；where did the students go一般过去时，疑问句的语序；where will the students go一般将来时，疑问句的语序；根据时间状语“next Friday”判断句子是一般将来时，所以排除A、C；根据宾语从句要按照陈述句的语序，所以排除D，故选B。23.Alice, could you tell me  _ London?Sure.Last SundayA.when Mr.Smith leftB.when Mr.Smith will leaveC.when did Mr.Smith leaveD.when will Mr.Smith leave【答案】A【解析】句意：爱丽丝，你能告诉我史米斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗？当然可以。上星期天。根据could you tell me _? 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项C/D是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据Last Sunday，可知这里指的是过去的时间，时态用一般过去时。故选A。24.Can you tell me to _ London?Sure.Next month.A.when you will travelB.when will you travelC.when you travelledD.when did you travel【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我什么时候去伦敦旅行好吗？当然可以，下个月。考查宾语从句。由回答中的next month可知用一般将来时态，宾语从句用陈述句语